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Why Pirates? I am not repeat NOT a huge fan of the movies If that is what you expect you will be disappointed My interest goes back to my childhood Many, many years ago in England and a cartoon called Captain Pugwash

Cabin Boy Tom Willie Captain PugwashBarnabus Mate

What did I learn from this cartoon? What a pirate is of course .or at least what the stereotype of a pirate is

Pirate Identikit 4 Parts of a pirate stereotype 1) Language Old English accent Combination of Cornish and the Bristol brogue Need to strangulate the vowels Oh Ahhh = Yes I be a Pirate that I be = I am a pirate September 19 th official (?) talk like a pirate day

2) Fashion Multiple bright colors Torn ripped and tatty Tri-corner hat over a bandana Like a 80s punk dressed by Vivienne Westwood

3) Accessories Wooden leg Eye patch Big gold earrings Hook Treasure Map

4) Animal companions Monkey Dressed, often in a similar fashion A Mini Monkey Me A Parrot Always talking Pieces of eight Shiver me timbers

A moment on terminology Gentlemen Adventurers Buccaneer Privateer Corsair Pirate hostis humani generis

The Ship For going to sea, is like going to jail, except that at sea you can drown Samuel Johnson

Contact details etc. Hist 421 MW 6:30 7:45 TLC 29 Prof. Ian Chambers [email protected] [email protected] www.uidaho.edu/~chambers www.uidaho.edu/~chambers Phone (208)885-5777 Office Hours MW 3:00 4:00pm (and by appointment)

Four main written pieces of work for the class 1) 800 1000 word paper based on the movie Captain Kidd and the book by Robert Ritche 2) 800- 1000 word paper based on the Robert Louis Stevens Treasure Island and the movie Treasure Island

3) A 800-1000 word proposal for the final research paper. Your proposal should: Provide what information the final paper will contain. Detail the purpose, methods, and scope of the paper. Include a proposed Bibliography of sources for your final paper. 4) 2800 3200 word paper Your paper will seek to answer a question to be determined through discussion between yourself and the professor. This is an upper division course, you will be expected to use multiple sources, both primary and secondary, within your paper.

Information for Written Work Internet sources No more than two internet sources can be used All internet sources must be authorized by the Professor any internet sources not authorized result in a loss of points NO use of Wikipedia at all All quotations must have equivalent amount of explanatory text

Requirements/Grades Your Grades on the written work will reflect + and However your posted grade will contain only full letter grade A) Paper 1 20% B) Paper 2 20% C) Proposal 15% D) Research Paper 35% E) Class participation 10%

Rules and Regulations Participation grade based upon attendance, completion of reading, and active participation in class discussions. Class may also include a number of pop quizzes, and group work. to ensure that you have both done and understood the reading and also to give an opportunity for an open discussion. In order to ensure that all students, and I, get the full benefit of the class, attendance will be mandatory non attendance will be penalized. I will hand out a number of sign-in sheets during the semester these will be used to asses attendance Your research paper will have a cover page containing a paper title, the word count, and your name. They must also contain correctly cited sources and a bibliography. We will spend time in class discussing formatting.

I operate the three ones system of grade questioning. Students must: Wait ONE day before challenging a grade. Write a minimum of ONE paragraph explaining what within their papers merit a grade change. NO grade can be challenged ONE week after the work is handed back. Late papers will lose one point per minute

Texts Captain Charles Johnson A General History of the Robberies and Murders of the Most Notorious Pirates Robert Richie Captain Kidd and the War against Pirates Marcus Rediker Villains of All Nations: Atlantic Pirates in the Golden Age Robert Louis Stevenson Treasure Island

Week/ DateImportant NotesTopicReading 19-11 JanuaryIntro / Definitions 2 14 -18 JanuaryAncient Piracy 3 21-25 JanuaryNO Class Monday MLK DayPirates of the Barbary Coast 4 28 Jan 2 FebQueen Elizabeth: Pirate Queen 5 4 8 FebruaryHenry Morgan and the Privateers 6 11-15 February Captain Kidd 7 18-22 FebruaryNO class Monday Presidents DayCaptain Kidd Movie # 1 Ritchie complete 8 25-29 FebruaryEnd of Privateers move into 18 th C 9 3- 8 MarchFirst Short Paper DueCaribbean /Atlantic History 10-15 MarchSpring Break 10 17-22 MarchPaper Proposal DueLiterature and Pirates Movie # 2 Treasure Island complete 11 24-229 March18 th C Seamen 12 31 Mar 4 AprilSecond Short Paper DueRace/Gender and the sea 13 7 11 AprilGolden Age PiracyRediker and Johnson 14 15-18 AprilBig Paper DueGolden Age PiracyRediker and Johnson 15 21-25 AprilGolden Age PiracyRediker and Johnson 16 28 April 2 MayPop Culture and Pirates 17 May 6 -10-12Final

Piracy in the Graeco-Roman World

Caribbean neither first or last place where Pirates plied their trade Caribbean neither first or last place where Pirates plied their trade History is littered with tales of pirates History is littered with tales of pirates Today we will turn to the Greeks Today we will turn to the Greeks Teos, Asia Minor Teos, Asia Minor Inscription defining punishment for several crimes including Inscription defining punishment for several crimes including Piracy and Bandity or Piracy and Bandity or Sheltering Pirates or Bandits Sheltering Pirates or Bandits

Piracy and warfare endemic during the time of the Greeks Piracy and warfare endemic during the time of the Greeks Boundaries between legitimate warfare and piratical activities blurred Boundaries between legitimate warfare and piratical activities blurred Piracy could lead to severe punishment and condemnation Piracy could lead to severe punishment and condemnation But it could also lead to legitimate power and wealth But it could also lead to legitimate power and wealth As with all ages Piracy was often defined by the position of the viewer As with all ages Piracy was often defined by the position of the viewer

Greek world divided into competing kingdoms and states Greek world divided into competing kingdoms and states Piracy/banditry perennial problem Piracy/banditry perennial problem Gradually competing states linked into larger city-states Gradually competing states linked into larger city-states Security and growth - Problem Security and growth - Problem

8 th and 7 th century BCE 8 th and 7 th century BCE Massive colonizing expedition Massive colonizing expedition Little formal conflict Little formal conflict But increase in the acts of piracy But increase in the acts of piracy Both Greek and others Increased sea trade Increased sea trade

6 th century 6 th century Expedition failed Expedition failed Seized the Lipari Islands Seized the Lipari Islands Attacked by Tyrrhrnian pirates Attacked by Tyrrhrnian pirates Developed defensive strategies Developed defensive strategies Eventually became regions aggressors Eventually became regions aggressors

Lipari Island Pirate Utopia? All land held in common All land held in common Apportioned by lot and reapportioned every 20 years Apportioned work by lot Apportioned work by lot Some work land, some ships Produce of land and piracy equally shared among all Produce of land and piracy equally shared among all 10% sent to Delphi 10% sent to Delphi To appease the God Apollo And to win over Greek public opinion

Polycrates Pirate tyrant? c. 546-522 Aegean Island Samos Aegean Island Samos Seized power Seized power Builds fleet and plunders Builds fleet and plunders Friend and foe Friend and foe Defeated a force sent to destroy him expanded his power base Defeated a force sent to destroy him expanded his power base Takes over numerous islands and cities Takes over numerous islands and cities

Herodotus on Polycrates He Had a fleet of a Hundred fifty-oared galleys and a force of thousand bowmen. His plundering raids were widespread and indiscriminate he used to say that a friend would be more grateful if he gave him back what he had taken than if he had never taken it He Had a fleet of a Hundred fifty-oared galleys and a force of thousand bowmen. His plundering raids were widespread and indiscriminate he used to say that a friend would be more grateful if he gave him back what he had taken than if he had never taken it

Polycrates and Siphnos Siphnos small rich island with gold and silver mines Siphnos small rich island with gold and silver mines Asked the oracle at Delphi how long will good fortune last Asked the oracle at Delphi how long will good fortune last when the forehead of their marketplace shone white, then they should beware of the scarlet messenger when the forehead of their marketplace shone white, then they should beware of the scarlet messenger ????? ?????

Just after the Siphnians had decorated their market place with white marble Just after the Siphnians had decorated their market place with white marble Polycrates with his pirate fleet decorated with red paint and flags Polycrates with his pirate fleet decorated with red paint and flags Demanded a loan of 10 talents Demanded a loan of 10 talents When refused Polycrates attacked plundered and also demanded a ransom of 100 talents When refused Polycrates attacked plundered and also demanded a ransom of 100 talents

Symptomatic of difficulty of definitions Symptomatic of difficulty of definitions Large fleet, and land holdings Large fleet, and land holdings Suggestive of a political entity therefore warfare Actions in demanding ransom, attacking without discrimination Actions in demanding ransom, attacking without discrimination Suggestive of piratical activity therefore Piracy

Throughout the region coastal raids were a major worry Throughout the region coastal raids were a major worry No matter how poor No matter how poor People - potential for ransom or slaves People - potential for ransom or slaves Protection was a major concern fall all Protection was a major concern fall all Every settlement and farmstead kept watchdogs Every settlement and farmstead kept watchdogs Barking dog = intruders? Barking dog = intruders?

On Crete, after being told that he would be responsible for his fathers death, a young king left for Rhodes where he set up his own kingdom On Crete, after being told that he would be responsible for his fathers death, a young king left for Rhodes where he set up his own kingdom Many years later the father missing his son sailed to Rhodes Many years later the father missing his son sailed to Rhodes The dogs barked The dogs barked People of Rhodes thinking him a pirate, Cretians were notorious pirates, killed him People of Rhodes thinking him a pirate, Cretians were notorious pirates, killed him

Arrival of the Persians Piracy in the eastern Mediterranean was brought to a holt by the arrival of the Persians Piracy in the eastern Mediterranean was brought to a holt by the arrival of the Persians As the Persian empire expanded they conquered the Phoenicians As the Persian empire expanded they conquered the Phoenicians Using the captured Phoenicians' fleet Persia able to successfully attack Greece Using the captured Phoenicians' fleet Persia able to successfully attack Greece At this point they had a sufficient fleet to bring and end to piracy and tyrants like Polycrates At this point they had a sufficient fleet to bring and end to piracy and tyrants like Polycrates

Persians actions detail Persians actions detail A example of a dominant political entity being able to use its might A example of a dominant political entity being able to use its might Gained at the expense of others To stamp authority and control of a region To stamp authority and control of a region Thereby ending piracy and piratical activities Thereby ending piracy and piratical activities

New power would be struck by a revolt from the Ionians New power would be struck by a revolt from the Ionians Persia launches an all out attack on Ionian Greece Persia launches an all out attack on Ionian Greece Looking for allies Ionians turned to Sparta refused Looking for allies Ionians turned to Sparta refused Found support in Athens and the island of Euboea Found support in Athens and the island of Euboea

The aid mission of Athens and the Eretrians was in fact a cover for a piratical attack The aid mission of Athens and the Eretrians was in fact a cover for a piratical attack They stormed onto land and sacked the city of Sardis home of the Lydian people They stormed onto land and sacked the city of Sardis home of the Lydian people Failed due to fire Failed due to fire Muddied the waters more Muddied the waters more Lydians turned against Ionians Persia now wanted to punish to Athens and Euoba

Persians surprisingly defeated during retribution attack Persians surprisingly defeated during retribution attack Rather than combine Rather than combine Victorious city states began to fight among themselves Victorious city states began to fight among themselves 3 years later the Persians returned 3 years later the Persians returned Conquered the Ionians Conquered the Ionians Then spread west across the Aegean Sea defeating the Eretains Then spread west across the Aegean Sea defeating the Eretains

490BCE Persians defeated by the Athenians at Marathon 490BCE Persians defeated by the Athenians at Marathon Hero of the Athenian victory was Miltiades Hero of the Athenian victory was Miltiades He used his prestige to persuade the Athenians to put him in charge of the navy He used his prestige to persuade the Athenians to put him in charge of the navy Headed of on secret mission Headed of on secret mission

This mission was in effect nothing more than a large scale pirating expedition This mission was in effect nothing more than a large scale pirating expedition Attacked an island nation but failed to take anything and was also injured Attacked an island nation but failed to take anything and was also injured Upon his return he was found guilty of acting in an individual rather than public way Upon his return he was found guilty of acting in an individual rather than public way Individual within an empire acting as a pirate Individual within an empire acting as a pirate But, what if he had succeeded? But, what if he had succeeded?

After Miltiades disgrace After Miltiades disgrace Themistocles took command and built a large navy and allied with several local allies to defeat the Persians Themistocles took command and built a large navy and allied with several local allies to defeat the Persians Athens formed the Delian league Athens formed the Delian league This led to the exclusion of all enemies from the seas of the Mediterranean This led to the exclusion of all enemies from the seas of the Mediterranean Also took away safe havens for pirates Also took away safe havens for pirates

Documents

Come in and sit down I will answer any and all questions later Do not ask questions now