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C S MalviC S Malvi
HistoryHistory
ProblemProblem
PrinciplePrinciple
ApproachesApproaches
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ProposalProposal
Approaches to combine solar photovoltaic and thermal system
(PVT)
C S MalviC S Malvi
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History700BC: Fire by Magnifying glasses
200BC: Archimedes used the bronze shields of the Greek army to reflect sunlight
100AD: Roman Baths had large south facing windows
1767: The first solar collector was built for cooking
1839: Photovoltaic was discovered by a French scientist
1891: The first commercial solar water heater was patented
1905: Albert Einstein published his paper on photoelectric – along with his paper on his theory of relativity….
1921: Einstein won the Nobel Prize for his theories explaining the photoelectric effect.
1947: The first passive solar buildings are built in the USA as energy is scarce due to WW2
1954: Photovoltaic technology is born
1958: Solar Power is utilised by the NASA Space Programme to provide energy for their satellites
1963: Sharp Corporation develop practical Silicon Photovoltaic Modules
1981: First Solar powered aircraft flies the English Channel
1994: First solar cell developed which is greater than 30% efficiency
2000: 33,000 solar cells are installed on each wing of the International Space Station
In the future it is unlikely that there will be any major developments in solar panels as the latest thermal systems are 97% efficient.
C S MalviC S Malvi
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HELP
C S MalviC S Malvi
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We need unlimited and pollution free resource of
energy
We are facing Global warming
with limited energy
resources
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Useful forms of energy
•Heat •electricity
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Solar Photovoltaic PanelOr
Solar cell
Solar Thermal PanelOr
Solar Water Heating SystemBoth are
separate technolog
y
C S MalviC S Malvi
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ProblemProblem
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Excess heat
C S MalviC S Malvi
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CHAPS-combined heat and power solar
In 2005,Australiacombined heat and power solar (CHAPS)by Coventry a parabolic trough of concentration thermal efficiency was around 58% andelectrical efficiency around 11%, therefore acombined efficiency of 69%
CHAPS-combined heat and power solar
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Two prototypes developed by Chow
2003
HongKong
By Chow
generates higher energy output per collector surface areaTwo prototypes developed by Chow
C S MalviC S Malvi
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IPVTS -integrated PVT system In 2001 Taiwanunglazed polycarbonate material plate collector40 liter with corrugated structure flow channels fitted below the PV panela 3 W DC motor was provided for water circulation9% electrical efficiency and 38%
IPVTS -integrated PVT system
C S MalviC S Malvi
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SolarNor collector with granulates
In 2002 by Sandnes and Rekstad polymer solar heat-collector combined with single-c Si PV moduleplastic containing wall-to-wall channels filled with ceramic granulates
C S MalviC S Malvi
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USE OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS (PCM)
1985
Garg, Sharma et al
an Augmented Integral Rock System on such a solar air heater for agriculture use with the advantage that it can supply warm air in Sun-off hours
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Solar 8 from Arontise
Arontise - Sweden company
a trough type PVT collector ‘Solar 8’ with solar tracker and fix stand
the actual photo of the product and other specifications are L/W/H =5/2/1.4 m, Aperture Area= 5 m2, Electrical Power= 500 W and, Thermal Power= 2250 W with Price = 700 Euro/ m2
Solar 8 from Arontise
C S MalviC S Malvi
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HD 16 from HD Solar
HeloDynamics
HD Solar Co., UK.
a tracking system with modular concentrating PVT collector
pole-mounted over parking areas suitable for mid-latitudes (20o Cto 40oC) HD 16 from HD Solar
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Menova Engg. Inc-Power Spar
Canada
for domestic application
PV module in series with trough type concentrator with fixed stand
Menova Engg. Inc-Power Spar
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Air type PVT collector
Aidt Miljo-SolarVenti air type PVT collector is utilized for ventilation in summer for the cottages. It is roof fitted collector which area starts from 0.39 m2 with price 400 Euro
Air type PVT collector
C S MalviC S Malvi
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PVTWINS from Netherlands TwinSolar from Grammer Solar Company
a flat plate collector which has thermal panel and PV module fitted side by side.
PVTWINS from Netherlands
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Opportunity
Combination of PV/Thermal by direct pasting
Using PCM for Sun-off period
SolarThermal
PV
PCM
Combination of PV and PCM to cool PV cell as
they are no more efficient in heat
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Excess heat
Phase Change Material (PCM) Stores and
releases heat
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Schematic of PVT collector with PCM
Glass
PV Cell
PCMCu pipe
Insulation30
30
25
Φ12
All dimensions are in mm
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Dish type collector
Cu tube coil
PCMSolar Cell Cover
Layer wise diagram
Heat flow
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Proposal
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Hot water
Cold water
•Single system•Less area requires •No noise•No pollution•Renewable•Input free
C S MalviC S Malvi
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Thank you…Chandra Shekhar Malvi
E-mail : [email protected] ScholarEnergy and Resource Research Institute, SPEME, Faculty of Engineering, University of Leeds
