Columbia River Overview Superfund Process Conceptual Site Models Data Gap Analysis

▀ Columbia River Overview▀ Superfund Process▀ Conceptual Site Models

▀ Data Gap Analysis

Woodard & Curran Used a Phased Approach Focusing on Analytes and Areas

Phase 1 - Define study area Phase 2 - Compile existing data Phase 3 - Review existing reports

▀ Including relevant risk assessments

Phase 4 - Screen specific analytes against criteria Phase 5 – Evaluate existing data by area Phase 6 - Identify potential data gaps

Columbia River Sampling Points

Focus study area -Priest Rapids to McNary Dam

1964 and 1976 Core Sampling is Instrumental in Understanding Radionuclide Deposition

▀ Nelson/Robertson completed core samples in sediment at downstream dams

▀ Estimated depositional rate shows conflicting timing; not significant to sediment profile

▀ Robertson completed a total inventory of radionuclide in sediment behind McNary Dam

Estimated Inventories of Radionuclides Behind McNary Dam as Sampled in 1976

Robertson, 1977Data Value in Curies

Percentage Radionuclides Remaining in 2007 after Half-life Decay

Cesium-137 Concentrations at Depth Intervals Behind Columbia River Dams

Columbia River Component Data Evaluation Summary Report – July 2006

Cesium-137 Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams with Depth


Plutonium-239/240 Relative Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams With Depth


Cobalt-60 and Cesium-137 Measurements Behind McNary Dam From 1942 to Present


Cobalt-60 Relative Concentrations Behind Columbia River Dams with Depth


Support for Priest Rapids Dam to McNary Dam Study Area

▀ Dam Construction vs. Inventory Radionuclide Production▀ Numerous studies demonstrate highest Hanford related inventory

present behind McNary Dam:▀ Nelson 1964 – “…measurements… made indicate that extensive ‘permanent’

sedimentation occurs only in the reservoir of the McNary Dam and in the estuary.”

▀ Robertson 1977 – “…the total inventory of radionuclides in the sediments behind McNary Dam, which has been shown during this and earlier studies to be the major reservoir of residual Hanford origin radionuclides in the Columbia River system.”

▀ WDH 1994 – “In all cases the highest concentrations were found in McNary sediments.”

▀ Cooperative Environmental Monitoring Project 2005 – “The concentrations of most radionuclides in the lower Columbia River sediments were similar to background values measured upstream of the Hanford site.”

Hanford Reach Cross-Section Study Area Definition

Columbia River

West East

CRC Study Area

Hanford Site

100/300 Study Areaand Inter-Area

Green line

Hanford Reach Islands

▀ Data Gap focus area includes the islands along the Hanford Reach. Data gaps have been separately addressed for each island based on the following criteria: ▀ Is there a source directly up stream? ▀ Has Island been characterized in previous studies? ▀ Are there potential exposure routes?

1. Identify human health and ecological screening criteria for surface water and sediments.

Criteria for Identifying Data Gaps Columbia River Corridor

2. Compile comprehensive database and review existing documentation

for CRC.

3. Compare existing data by media and criteria. Do results exceed criteria?

4. Are detections above PQLs?

10. Develop DQO document to adequately evaluate the nature and distribution of COPCs.

9. Is there sufficient data to meet project objectives?

5. Is analyte known site contaminant (e.g., COPC)?

6. Do results exceed upstream or background concentrations?

7. Is source and/or migration of contaminant covered under other Operable Unit?

8. Has media and or analyte been adequately addressed in previous study (e.g., previous risk assessment concluded no unacceptable risk)?

No Additional Data Needed

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Step 1a – Identify Risk Screening Criteria

▀ Existing data was compared against applicable risk criteria by media: ▀ 100/300 Area Risk Assessment▀ USEPA Region 6▀ WDOE CLARC ▀ MCLs▀ NRWQC

Note: Region 10 recommends use of Region 6 screening criteria


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Step 1a – Human Health Screening Criteria by Media

Sediment Surface Water

Region 6 RBCs Region 6

EPA SSLs MCLs

WDOE CLARCs WDOE CLARCs

DOE NRWQC

DOE

100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA

Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria

▀ Existing data is compared against applicable ecological criteria by media: ▀ 100/300 Area Risk Assessment▀ EPA SSLs▀ WDOE CLARCS

Step 1b - Identify Ecological Screening Criteria by Media

Sediment Surface Water Soil

ODEQ DOE (Oak Ridge) WDOE

USEPA USEPA DOE (Oak Ridge)

ANL ANL CH2M Hill

LANL LANL ANL

OMOE (Canada) LANL

100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA 100/300 Area RA

Step 2 - Compile existing data

▀ Combined three extensive databases▀ WCH CRC data base▀ GiSdt Data 100/300 Area RCBRA Data

Management web-based ▀ USACE data

▀ Totals ▀ Surface water

▀ 5,832 sample locations▀ 54,286 analytical results

▀ Sediment ▀ 2,710 sample locations▀ 40,993 analytical results


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Existing Biota Data

▀ Several biota sampling events have been completed within the Study Area. These data have been reviewed as part of this data gaps analysis. ▀ Additional biota sampling will be considered during the

DQO process and during the ‘problem formulation phase’ of the Ecological Risk Assessment.

Step 3 – Data Assessment

▀ Existing data is compared to Human Health and Ecological Screening Criteria:▀ Do analytes exceed applicable HH or

Eco criteria?▀ Yes = retain for further evaluation▀ No = not a data gap


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Step 4 – Review Data for QA/QC

▀ Results are compared to laboratory QA/QC▀ Are detections above PQLs and

exceed applicable HH or Eco criteria? ▀ Yes = retain for further evaluation ▀ No = retain for further evaluation

▀ Was analyte reported in laboratory blank? ▀ Yes = possible laboratory contaminant▀ No = retain for further evaluation


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Step 5 –Site Related Contaminant

▀ Based on previous sampling results or operational history, is analyte known to be site-related? ▀ Yes = COPC and retain for further

evaluation▀ No = not a data gap

▀ If frequency of detection is less than 5% excluded compound; not a data gap (EPA RAGs, 1989)


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Step 6 – Background Results

▀ When sample results are compared to background or upstream results, do results exceed average background conditions? ▀ Yes = COPC and retain for further

evaluation ▀ No = not a data gap


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Step 7 – Covered Under Other Study Areas and Other Assessments

▀ Is source and/or migration of contaminant covered under study area and other assessments? ▀ Yes = not data gap ▀ No = COPC and retain for further

evaluation


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Step 8 – Already Addressed

Has media and or analyte been adequately addressed in previous study?▀ Yes = not data gap ▀ No = COPC and retain for further

evaluation


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Step 9 – Identified as Data Gap

Is there sufficient data to meet project objectives?

▀ Yes = not data gap ▀ No = continue to DQO process


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Step 9 – Identified as Data Gap

Data gaps fall within two categories:

1. Areas or analytes that have not been previously studied. Example: areas along the east side of the river.

2. Areas that need additional data to meet DQOs development

Step 10 – Develop DQOs

▀ Identified data gaps will need to be addressed. ▀ To ensure data collected meets the

needs of its intended end use, a data quality objective analysis will be completed for all identified data gaps.


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Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Inorganics

Human Health AluminumAntimonyArsenicBariumBerylliumBoronCadmiumChromiumCobaltCopperFluorideHexavalent-ChromiumIronLeadManganeseMercuryMolybdenumNickelNitrogen in NitrateNitrogen in NitriteSeleniumSilverStrontium (elemental)ThalliumUraniumVanadiumZinc

List of COPCs

Ecological AluminumAntimonyArsenicBariumBerylliumCadmiumChromiumCopperHexavalent-ChromiumIron ManganeseLeadLithiumMercuryMolybdenumNickelSeleniumSilverThalliumZinc

Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria

Ecological

AluminumAntimonyBariumCadmiumManganese NickelSilverZinc


Human Health

AntimonyArsenicChromiumIronManganeseVanadium

Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background


Ecological

AntimonyBariumCadmiumManganese NickelZinc

Human Health

ArsenicChromiumManganese

Potential Inorganic Sources - Sediments

Inorganics Source Site Natural Fallout Irrigation Upstream

Arsenic X X X X

Barium X X X

Cadmium X X

Chromium X X

Manganese X X

Nickel X X

Zinc X X X

CSM Inorganic Sources - Sediments

Site-RelatedArsenicBariumChromiumManganese

Upstream and NaturalIrrigationArsenicBariumZinc

ArsenicCadmiumManganeseNickelZinc

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics List of COPCs

AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAcetoneAldrinAnthraceneAroclor 1242Aroclor 1248Aroclor 1254Aroclor 1260Aroclor 1262BenzeneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBenzo(k)fluorantheneAlpha-BHCbeta-1,2,3,4,5,6-HexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-BHCBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate1-Butanol2-Butanone2-ButoxyethanolButylbenzylphthalate2-secButyl-4,6-dinitrophenol(DNBP)CarbazoleCarbon disulfideCarbon tetrachlorideCyanide

Human Health EcologicalAcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBenzo(k)fluorantheneChryseneFluorantheneFluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneNaphthalenePhenanthreneAroclor-1248Aroclor-1254Aroclor-1260AldrinAlpha-BHCalpha-Chlordanebeta-1,2,3,4,5,6-HexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-BHCDichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDieldrin

ChlordaneChloroformChryseneDalaponDicambaDichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid4-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)butanoic acidDibenz[a,h]anthraceneDibenzofuranDi-n-butylphthalate1,4-Dichlorobenzene1,2-Dichloroethanecis-1,2-DichloroetheneDichloropropDieldrinDiethyl etherDiethylphthalateDi-n-octylphthalateEndosulfan IEndosulfan IIEndosulfan sulfateEndrinEndrin aldehydeEndrin ketoneEthylene glycolFluoranthene

Endosulfan IEndosulfan IIEndosulfan sulfateEndrin aldehydeEndrin ketonegamma-ChlordaneHeptachlorHeptachlor epoxideMethoxychlor2-MethylnaphthaleneBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateCarbazoleDibenzofuranDiethylphthalateDi-n-butylphthalatePhenolPentachlorophenolFluorideNitrogen in NitrateNitrogen in Nitrite

List of COPCs (continued)

Human Health EcologicalFluoreneHeptachlorHeptachlor epoxideIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneIsophoroneMethoxychlorMethyl isobutyl ketoneMethylenechloride2-Methylnaphthalene3+4 Methylphenol (cresol, m+p)NaphthalenePentachlorophenolPhenanthrenePhenolPicloramPyrene1,1,2,2-TetrachloroethaneTetrachloroetheneTolueneTrichloroetheneTrichloromonofluoromethane2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid2-(2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)propionic acid

Benzo(a)pyrene*Benzo(a)anthracene*Benzo(b)fluoranthene*Benzo(k)fluoranthene*Dibenz(a,h)anthracene*Cyanide*

Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria

* detected at less than 5% and are not from on-site sources, therefore eliminated as data gaps.

Human Health EcologicalEndosulfan IEndosulfan II

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics

▀ No Data Gaps▀ PCB Discussion

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Organics Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background

PCB Discussion

▀ PCB results are all non-detect in sediment and surface water

▀ PCBs detection level is higher than screening level▀ PCBs were used in localized areas at Hanford Reservation▀ PCB issue will be addressed in the 100/300 Area risk

assessment▀ PCBs have been detected in fish in the Columbia River▀ PCB congener data may be a data gap – will be discussed

during DQO process

Americium-241 Carbon-14Cesium-137Cobalt – 60Europium-152 Europium-154Europium-155Nickel-63Plutonium 238Plutonium-239/240Plutonium-241Potassium-40Radium-226Radium-228Strontium-90TritiumThorium-228Thorium-232Uranium-233/234Uranium-234Uranium-235Uranium-238

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide List of COPCs

Human Health EcologicalAmericium-241 Carbon-14Cesium-137Cesium-134Cobalt – 60Europium-152 Europium-154Europium-155Nickel-63Plutonium 238Plutonium-239/240Plutonium-241Potassium-40Radium-226Radium-228Strontium-90TritiumThorium-228Thorium-232Uranium-233/234Uranium-235Uranium-238

Cesium-137Cobalt-60Europium-152Strontium-90Thorium-232Uranium-234Uranium-238

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria

Human Health EcologicalEuropium-152*

* maximum concentrations reported above Ice Harbor Dam

Cobalt-60Europium-152Thorium-232Uranium-234Uranium-238

No data gaps

Human Health: Ecological:

Data Assessment Results – Sediments - Radionuclide Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background

Potential Radionuclide Sources - Sediments

Radionuclides Source Site Natural Fallout Irrigation Upstream

Cobalt-60 X

Europium-152 X X X

Thorium - 232 X

Uranium-234 X X

Uranium-238 X X

CSM Radionuclide Sources - Sediments

Site-RelatedCO-60EU-152Thorium-232U-234U-238

Upstream and Natural

Europium-152U-234U-238

AtmosphericFallout

Europium-152

Aluminum AntimonyArsenic BariumBerylliumBoronCadmiumChromiumCobaltCopperHexavalent-ChromiumIronLeadLithiumManganeseMolybdenumNickelSeleniumSilverStrontiumThalliumTin TitaniumVanadiumZinc

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- Inorganics

Human Health Ecological

List of COPCs

AluminumAntimonyArsenic BariumBerylliumCadmiumChromiumCobaltCopperCyanideIronHexavalent-ChromiumLeadManganeseMercuryNickelSelenium SilverThalliumTin UraniumVanadiumZinc

AntimonyArsenicBerylliumCopperLeadThallium

Aluminum AntimonyBariumBerylliumCadmiumChromiumCopperCyanideIronLeadManganeseMercurySeleniumSilverUraniumVanadiumZinc

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- InorganicsCompounds That Exceed Screening Criteria


AntimonyArsenic

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water- InorganicsElements That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background


Aluminum BariumCadmiumChromiumCopperLeadManganeseZinc

Potential Inorganic Sources – Surface Water Inorganics Source Site Natural Fallout Irrigation Upstream

Aluminum x x

Antimony x

Arsenic x x x x

Barium x x x

Cadmium x xChromium x xCopper x

Lead xManganese x x

Zinc x x

AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBenzo(k)fluorantheneChryseneFluorantheneFluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneNaphthalenePhenanthreneAroclor-1248Aroclor-1254Aroclor-1260AldrinAlpha-BHCalpha-Chlordane

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water - OrganicsList of COPCs

Human Health Ecological:AcenaphtheneAcenaphthyleneAnthraceneBenzo(a)anthraceneBenzo(a)pyreneBenzo(b)fluorantheneBenzo(ghi)peryleneBenzo(k)fluorantheneChryseneCyanideFluorantheneFluoreneIndeno(1,2,3-cd)pyreneNaphthalenePhenanthreneAroclor-1248Aroclor-1254Aroclor-1260AldrinAlpha-BHCalpha-Chlordane

beta-1,2,3,4,5,6-HexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-BHCDichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDieldrinEndosulfan IEndosulfan IIEndosulfan sulfateEndrin aldehydeEndrin ketonegamma-ChlordaneHeptachlorHeptachlor epoxideMethoxychlor2-MethylnaphthaleneBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateCarbazoleDibenzofuranDiethylphthalateDi-n-butylphthalatePhenolPentachlorophenolFluorideNitrogen in NitrateNitrogen in Nitrite

List of COPCs (continued)

Human Health Ecologicalbeta-1,2,3,4,5,6-HexachlorocyclohexaneDelta-BHCDichlorodiphenyldichloroethaneDichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDichlorodiphenyltrichloroethaneDieldrinEndosulfan IEndosulfan IIEndosulfan sulfateEndrin aldehydeEndrin ketonegamma-ChlordaneHeptachlorHeptachlor epoxideMethoxychlor2-MethylnaphthaleneBis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalateCarbazoleDibenzofuranDiethylphthalateDi-n-butylphthalatePhenolPentachlorophenolFluorideNitrogen in NitrateNitrogen in Nitrite

CSM Inorganic Sources – Surface Water

Site-RelatedArsenicBariumChromiumManganese

Upstream and Natural

AluminumAntimonyArsenicBariumCadmiumLeadManganeseZinc

Irrigation

AluminumArsenicBariumCadmiumZinc

DichlorodiphenyldichloroethyleneDieldrin1,1,2- trichloroethane1,2-dichloroethane ChloroformBis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water - Organics


Compounds That Exceed Screening Criteria

CyanideMethoxychlor TPH

1,1,2- trichloroethane1,2-dichloroethane Chloroform

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water - OrganicsCompounds That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background

Human Health EcologicalNo Data Gaps

Potential Organic Sources – Surface Water

Organics Source

Site Natural Fallout Irrigation Upstream

1,1,2-trichloroethane X

1,2-dichloroethane X

Chloroform X

CSM Organic Sources – Surface Water

Site-Related (300 Area Only)1,1,2 – TCA1,2 – DCAChloroform

Americium-241Cesium-137Europium-154Strontium-90Thorium-232TritiumUranium-234Uranium-235Uranium-238

Data Assessment Results – Surface Water - Radionuclide

List of COPCs


Cesium-134 Cesium-137Plutonium-239/240Potassium-40Radium-226Radium-228Strontium-90Thorium-228Thorium-232Uranium-233/234Uranium-235Uranium-238

Americium-241Cesium-137Europium-154Strontium-90Thorium-232TritiumUranium-234 Uranium -238


Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria

Human Health Ecological:

Cesium-134Radium-226Radium-228Uranium-238

Strontium-90TritiumUranium-234Uranium-238


Elements That Exceed Screening Criteria and Background

Human Health: Ecological:None

Potential RadionuclideSources – Surface Water

Radionuclides Source

Site Natural Fallout Irrigation Upstream

Strontium-90 X X

Tritium X X X

Uranium-234 X X

Uranium-238 X X

CSM Radionuclide Sources – Surface Water

Naturally Occurring

TritiumU-234U-238

Site-RelatedStrontium-90TritiumU-234U-238

Atmospheric FalloutSR-90Tritium

Sediment Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

Metal Human Health Ecological

Antimony X

Arsenic X

Barium X

Chromium X

Cadmium X

Manganese X X

Nickel X

Zinc X

See Map Package #1

Sediment Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

Inorganics Human Health Ecological

Aluminum X

Antimony X

Arsenic X

Barium X

Cadmium X

Chromium X

Copper X

Manganese X

Lead X

Zinc X

Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Inorganics

See Map Package #2

Compound Human Health Ecological

None None None

Sediment Data Gap Summary -Organics

Compound Human Health Ecological

1,1,2-trichloroethane X None

1,2-dichloroethane X None

Chloroform X None

Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Organics

Surface Water Data Gap Summary-Organics

See Map Package #3

Element Human Health Ecological Cobalt-60 X

Thorium-232 X

Uranium-234 X

Uranium-238

Europium-152

X

X

Sediment Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

Sediment Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

See Map Package #4

Element Human Health Ecological Strontium-90 X

Tritium X

Uranium-234

Uranium-238

X

X

Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

Surface Water Data Gap Summary -Radionuclide

See Map Package #5

Potential Data Gaps to Discuss During DQO Process

▀ Sediment and Surface Water sampling on the east side of river.

▀ Sediment sampling at previously uncharacterized islands

▀ PCB congener sampling (pending outcome of 100/300 risk assessment)

Next Steps / Path Forward

Closing Statements / Feedback

Documents

Columbia River Overview Superfund Process Conceptual Site Models Data Gap Analysis