Color naming: color scientists do it between Munsell Sheets of Color

Color naming: color scientists do it betweenMunsell Sheets of Color

Giordano B. Beretta, Nathan M. Moroney

Print Production Automation LabHewlett-Packard Laboratories

Palo Alto, California

Color Imaging XV:Displaying, Processing, Hardcopy, and Applications

San Jose, 17 – 21 January 2010

Beretta & Moroney (HP Labs) The Dark Side of Color EI 2010 paper 7528-30 1 / 15

Local vs. global color differences

Stiles Line ElementEllipses plotted 3 x

y

x

0.8

0.2

0.4

0.6

0 0.2 0.4 0.6

700

450

460470

480

490

500

510

520530

540

550

560

570

580

590

600

610620

630

.55

.45

.35

.25

.15.05 .15 .25 .35 .45

v’

u’

David L. Post, 1988

green

white yelloworange

red

peachaqua

graypink

bluepurple

1. 1. 1.

1..98 .92 .65 .53

.99 .98 .97 .88 .62.97 .91 .94 .84 .66 .5.71 .71 .68 .7 .44

.33

.73 87.91.87 .53.71.59.73.74.57.33.46.44.31

.75.88.96.98.58.54.63.59 .5

.39

.45

.49.63.78.81.63.47.33.35.56.61.61.52

.98.96.93.52

.51

.61.53.53 .47.47

.47.52.41.45

.64

.56 .43.56

.56

.53

.48 .3

.57.56.44

.77.63.38

.82.65.36

.69.42

.39

.45.45

.47.48.28

.37.38

.36

.35

.53.64 .5

.62.75 .53

.74.82.53

.9.84 .48.92.89.53

.98 .9.52

.98 .9 .53

.97 .9

.96.91 .6

.97.92.63

.97.94

.97

.32.46.56.68.76 .74.75.58 .35.53 .7 .8 .85.87.82.74.52.74.81.87.91.89.86

.33.57.69.83.92.88.87.57 .7 .82.86.88.56.68.72.74

.51.63

.5

.48.44

.56.56.47.54.67.77.59.48.7 .83 .8 .72.65.82.92 .9 .75.69.83.93.89.81.83.94.92

.52.91.95

.84B = CIE Standard Illuminant B

E = equal-energy pointD = CIE Standard Illuminant D65C = CIE Standard Illuminant C

A = CIE Standard Illuminant A

A

BED

C


Where global differences are used

avionics and car navigationreadability of colored text on colored backgroundvariable data publishinggamut mapping, especially from xvYCC and HDR sourcescolor communication“graphic artist in a box” applications“good enough” coloronline print quality control. . .


Bumps in color space

Definition (Categorical Perception)A categorical perception effect occurs when

1 a set of stimuli ranging along a physical continuum is given onelabel on one side of a category boundary and another label on theother side and

2 the subject can discriminate smaller physical differences betweenpairs of stimuli that straddle boundary than between pairs that areentirely within one category or the other

.55

.45

.35

.25

.15.05 .15 .25 .35 .45

v’

u’

David L. Post, 1988

green

white yelloworange

red

peachaqua

graypink

bluepurple

1. 1. 1.

1..98 .92 .65 .53

.99 .98 .97 .88 .62.97 .91 .94 .84 .66 .5.71 .71 .68 .7 .44

.33

.73 87.91.87 .53.71.59.73.74.57.33.46.44.31

.75.88.96.98.58.54.63.59 .5

.39

.45

.49.63.78.81.63.47.33.35.56.61.61.52

.98.96.93.52

.51

.61.53.53 .47.47

.47.52.41.45

.64

.56 .43.56

.56

.53

.48 .3

.57.56.44

.77.63.38

.82.65.36

.69.42

.39

.45.45

.47.48.28

.37.38

.36

.35

.53.64 .5

.62.75 .53

.74.82.53

.9.84 .48.92.89.53

.98 .9.52

.98 .9 .53

.97 .9

.96.91 .6

.97.92.63

.97.94

.97

.32.46.56.68.76 .74.75.58 .35.53 .7 .8 .85.87.82.74.52.74.81.87.91.89.86

.33.57.69.83.92.88.87.57 .7 .82.86.88.56.68.72.74

.51.63

.5

.48.44

.56.56.47.54.67.77.59.48.7 .83 .8 .72.65.82.92 .9 .75.69.83.93.89.81.83.94.92

.52.91.95




A

BED

C.55

.45

.35

.25

.15.05 .15 .25 .35 .45

v’

u’

David L. Post, 1988

green

white yelloworange

red

peachaqua

graypink

bluepurple

1. 1. 1.

1..98 .92 .65 .53

.99 .98 .97 .88 .62.97 .91 .94 .84 .66 .5.71 .71 .68 .7 .44

.33

.73 87.91.87 .53.71.59.73.74.57.33.46.44.31

.75.88.96.98.58.54.63.59 .5

.39

.45

.49.63.78.81.63.47.33.35.56.61.61.52

.98.96.93.52

.51

.61.53.53 .47.47

.47.52.41.45

.64

.56 .43.56

.56

.53

.48 .3

.57.56.44

.77.63.38

.82.65.36

.69.42

.39

.45.45

.47.48.28

.37.38

.36

.35

.53.64 .5

.62.75 .53

.74.82.53

.9.84 .48.92.89.53

.98 .9.52

.98 .9 .53

.97 .9

.96.91 .6

.97.92.63

.97.94

.97

.32.46.56.68.76 .74.75.58 .35.53 .7 .8 .85.87.82.74.52.74.81.87.91.89.86

.33.57.69.83.92.88.87.57 .7 .82.86.88.56.68.72.74

.51.63

.5

.48.44

.56.56.47.54.67.77.59.48.7 .83 .8 .72.65.82.92 .9 .75.69.83.93.89.81.83.94.92

.52.91.95




A

BED

C


Previous attempts: ISCC–NBS

Munsell Value

Munsell C

hroma

black dark gray medium gray light gray white

–ish black dark –ish gray –ish gray light –ish gray –ish white

blackish darkgrayish grayish

paleor

light grayishvery pale

very dark dark moderate light very light

very deep deep strong brilliant

vividBeretta & Moroney (HP Labs) The Dark Side of Color EI 2010 paper 7528-30 5 / 15

Previous attempts: Coloroid by Nemcsics

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

T

VA = 20

Anatolian brown

cement greybroken warm white

Roman ochre

brown beige

Arsigont

Pompeian yellow

orange ochreIndian orange


Previous attempts: World Color Survey

yellow

red

greenyellow

green

blue brownwhiteandblack

orangeand/orpinkand/orpurpleand/orgray

I II III IV VI VIIV


Previous attempts: Zollinger

60%

20%

40%

Häufigkeit

5R 5RP5P5PB5B5BG5G5GY5Y5YR

rotgelb

orange

braun

grünblau violett

rot

rosa

purpur

ETH-Zürich


Previous attempts: Boynton & Olson

g

j

green

yellow

orange

brown

pinkred

blue

purple

whitegrey


New attempt: crowd-sourcing

good news: viewing conditions are not criticalBoynton, “Insights gained from naming the OSA colors,” 1997Olkkonen, Hansen, Gegenfurtner, “Categorical color constancy forsimulated surfaces,” Journal of Vision, 9(12):6, 1-18, 2009

bad news: the categories that arise in the left hemisphere are notconstrained by the pre-linguistic categories that are in the righthemisphere (Franklin et al., 2008)

adultswithin-categorybetween-category

visual fieldleft right

initia

tion t

ime

[ms]

550

250

350

450

infantswithin-categorybetween-category

visual fieldleft right

initia

tion t

ime

[ms]

900

500

600

700

800


Zollinger in Tokyo

60%

20%

40%

Häufigkeit


rotgelb

orange

braun

grünblau violett

rot

rosa

purpur

ETH-Zürich

60%

20%

40%

かいすう


80%

オレンジ

TKD-東京

朱あか黄き

茶ちゃ

橙ダイダイ

緑みどり青あお

水色

みずいろ

紫むらさき

ピンク

桃色

ももいろ


Multilingual color naming

gelb

rosa

blau

grün

rot

grau

あおあか

はいいろむらさき

みどり

き


Use a common standard

#007CB0#EF4123

#848688

#BF1E74

#F89F6D

#008F4C

#F499B8

#007CB0


Munsell Sheets of Color are a better standard

eliciting color names from actual samples provides a commonstandard, which is not available when compiling abstract lists

color names must be anchoredeverybody should use the same atlas

. . . but the complete gamut should be used, not just the surface!


Questions and Discussion

http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Giordano_Beretta/http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Nathan_Moroney/blog: http://mostlycolor.ch


Documents

Color naming: color scientists do it between Munsell Sheets of Color