COLONIZATIONSS8H2

JAMES OGLETHORPE• WELL EDUCATED AND WEALTHY

• MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT’S HOUSE OF COMMONS

• WORKED TO GET LAWS PASSED THAT BOTH IMPROVED PRISON CONDITIONS AND LET THOUSANDS GO FREE

• WITH 20 OTHERS DEVELOPED A PLAN FOR A COLONY THAT WOULD HELP THE “UNFORTUNATE BUT WORTHY INDIVIDUALS”

• ASKED KING GEORGE II FOR LAND SOUTHWEST OF SOUTH CAROLINA

• 1) THE COLONY COULD DEFEND THE CAROLINAS FROM SPANISH FLORIDA, 2) PRODUCE SILK, COTTON DYES, AND WINE, 3) RELIGIOUS FREEDOM, 4) HELP THE WORTHY POOR

CHARTER OF 1732• GEORGE II GAVE THE GRANT ON JUNE 7, 1732, TO A GROUP OF TRUSTEES FOR 21 YEARS

• A CHARTER IS A LEGAL DOCUMENT THAT GRANTS SPECIAL RIGHTS AND PRIVILEGES

• TRUSTEES – PEOPLE WHO HOLD RESPONSIBILITY ON BEHALF OF OTHERS

• ALL LANDS, COUNTRIES, AND TERRITORIES BETWEEN THE SAVANNAH AND THE ALTAMAHA RIVERS EXTENDING WESTWARD TO THE SOUTH SEAS (PACIFIC)

• TRUSTEES COULD NOT OWN LAND, HOLD POLITICAL OFFICE, OR BE GIVEN MONEY FOR THEIR WORK

• PAPISTS (CATHOLICS), BLACKS, LIQUOR DEALERS, AND LAWYERS COULD NOT BECOME COLONISTS

• TRUSTEES COULD NOT PASS LAWS UNLESS THE KING AGREED

REASON FOR SETTLEMENT

• DEFENSE

• ECONOMICS

• CHARITY

TOMOCHICHI AND MARY MUSGROVE• TOMOCHICHI – LEADER OF THE YAMACRAW INDIANS (CREEKS)

• MARY MUSGROVE – INTERPRETER, TRADING POST OWNER, PART BRITISH/PART NATIVE AMERICAN

• SETTLED ON YAMACRAW BLUFF AS THE SETTLEMENT FOR THE COLONISTS (SAVANNAH)

CITY OF SAVANNAH• NATIVES CALLED IT YAMACRAW BLUFF

• SAVANNAH WAS A PLANNED CITY BY ROBERT CASTELL, OGLETHORPE’S FRIEND

• SAVANNAH WAS TO HAVE 4 SQUARE SURROUNDED BY 20 LOTS ON THE NORTH AND SOUTH SIDES, ON THE EAST AND WEST SIDES WERE CHURCHES OR STORES

• EACH COLONIST GOT A 5 ACRE GARDEN PLOT ON THE EDGE OF TOWN, AND 45 ACRES IN THE COUNTRY

SALZBURGERS

• FROM SALZBURG, GERMANY (AUSTRIA)

• RELIGIOUS FREEDOM – PROTESTANTS

• EBENEZER – ROCK OF HELP, LATER MOVED TO NEW EBENEZER

HIGHLAND SCOTS

• RECRUITED BY OGLETHORPE TO HELP PROTECT THE COLONY, REPUTATION AS FIGHTERS

• SETTLED A TOWN SOUTH OF SAVANNAH CALLED DARIEN

• 1739, SIGNED A PETITION TO NOT ALLOW SLAVERY IN THE COLONY

MALCONTENTS

• WERE UP SET WITH TRUSTEE RULES OUTLAWING RUM AND SLAVERY

• THOSE RULES ALONG WITH THE PASSING LAND ON TO MALE HEIRS ONLY CAUSED THE COLONIST TO BE VOCAL IN THEIR DISAPPROVAL OF THE TRUSTEES

• MANY COLONISTS MOVED TO PLACES WERE THESE RULES WERE NOT ENFORCED

SPANISH THREAT FROM FLORIDA• 1739-1742 – WAR OF JENKINS EAR – SPANISH SHIPS CAPTURED A BRITISH

VESSEL CAPTAINED BY JENKINS, THEY CUT HIS EAR OFF AS A REMINDER OF HIS CAPTURE. JENKINS TOOK HIS EAR TO PARLIAMENT TO SHOW WHAT HAPPENED AND TO GET SUPPORT FOR WAR AGAINST SPAIN.

• OGLETHORPE LED TROOP AT THE BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSH ON ST. SIMONS ISLAND. THIS MOVED THE SPAINISH BACK TO FLORIDA AND MOVED THE SOUTHERN BOUNDARY OF GA.

EVALUATION OF THE TRUSTEE PERIOD

• 1743 OGLETHORPE HEADS TO ENGLAND TO ANSWER CHARGES HE DID NOT ACT CORRECTLY IN FAILING TO CAPTURE ST. AUGUSTINE, HE NEVER COMES BACK.

• THE TRUSTEES ALLOWED THE MALCONTENTS TO HAVE THE THINGS THEY WERE COMPLAINING ABOUT

• THE TRUSTEES GAVE THE COLONY BACK A YEAR EARLY (20 YEARS)

• MOTTO – NOT FOR THEMSELVES BUT FOR OTHERS

ROYAL GOVERNORS

• 1752, GA WENT FROM A PROPRIETARY COLONY TO A ROYAL COLONY

• PROPRIETARY COLONY – GOVERNED BY A BOARD OF TRUSTEES

• ROYAL COLONY - ONE DIRECTLY GOVERNED BY THE KING

JOHN REYNOLDS• FIRST ROYAL GOVERNOR

• FORMER NAVY CAPTAIN, INTRODUCED THE IDEA OF SELF-GOVERNMENT

• BI-CAMERAL LEGISLATURE WAS SET-UP FOR THE 8 PARISHES, LOWER HOUSE WAS CALLED THE COMMONS HOUSE OF ASSEMBLY, UPPER WAS CALLED THE GOVERNOR’S COUNCIL

• INDIVIDUALS MUST HAVE OWNED AT LEAST 500 ACRES OF LAND

• HE ALSO SET-UP A COURT SYSTEM

• REYNOLDS WAS A HOT HEAD AND THIS LEAD TO DISAGREEMENTS AND ARGUMENTS

• THE COLONISTS ASKED THE KING TO HAVE HIM REPLACED

HENRY ELLIS

• HE WAS A SCIENTIST AND NATURALIST/EXPLORER

• CONSULTED MANY ON HOW TO RUN THE COLONY INCLUDING THE GOVERNOR OF SC AND WEALTHY COLONIST

• ALOUD NEW SETTLERS TO ARRIVE WITH SLAVES AND GRANTED LARGE AMOUNTS OF LAND

• THE COLONY BECAME VERY PROFITABLE, HOWEVER DUE TO POOR HEALTH, HE ASKED TO RESIGN, HE WAS ASSIGNED TO NOVA SCOTIA

JAMES WRIGHT• WAS ATTORNEY GENERAL OF SOUTH CAROLINA FOR 21 YEARS BEFORE BECOMING ROYAL

GOVERNOR OF GA

• FINISHED THE DEFENSE OF SAVANNAH WITH PALISADES AND FORTS

• RICE, INDIGO, AND SILK WERE DOING WELL, SCHOOLS WERE SET-UP, MORE INDIVIDUALS COULD READ, THE COLONY GOT IT’S FIRST NEWSPAPER

• UNDESIRABLES FROM VIRGINIA AND THE CAROLINAS MOVED IN, THEY WERE CALLED “CRACKERS” – CAME FROM THE CRACKING SOUND OF THE WHIP ON THE CATTLE AND OXEN, IT WAS AN INSULT TO THE LOWER CLASS

• HIS REIGN ENDED WITH THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

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