Although several European nations Although several European nations had claims in North America, it was had claims in North America, it was the English who eventually dominate the English who eventually dominate the continentthe continent

Seeds of Independence-Glorious Revolution in 1688

-English Bill of Rights, 1689 (Limited Monarch’s power)

-salutary neglect - very loose supervision of the colonies- Able to manage own affairs

-lack of control led to self government- No strict enforcement of laws

-John Peter Zenger –colonist put on trial over basic freedoms such as freedom of the press=**Landmark in development of free press!*

Glorious RevolutionGlorious Revolution

England having trouble w/ King JohnEngland having trouble w/ King John Developed a Legislature (law making body)Developed a Legislature (law making body) Elected Representatives- Removed King Elected Representatives- Removed King

John from ThrownJohn from Thrown

Importance of G.R.: 1. Limited power of Importance of G.R.: 1. Limited power of Absolute Monarchy for first timeAbsolute Monarchy for first time

2. Drew up an English Bill of Rights to 2. Drew up an English Bill of Rights to Restrict Monarchs PowerRestrict Monarchs Power

Three Regions

New England —mostly involved in subsistence farming {food just enough for their family} and trade. (Mass, NH, RI, MA)

Middle Colonies —mostly involved in staple food {Food they sold over seas} production (NY, NJ, PA, DE)

Southern Colonies —centered around production of cash crops such as tobacco (VA, Maryland, NC, SC, GA)

Agricultural South

-growth of cash crops - tobacco, rice, indigo

-large plantations (or estate) dominate economy society* economic and political life of the region

-many small farms also

-few towns and cities because of the agricultural lifestyle

Slavery in America

-slaves would replace Indians and indentured servants* The system for growing tobacco, rice and indigo demanded more workers

-Triangular Trade*Pattern of trade that developed among

America- Africa-Europe

slaves-sugar-rum

-Middle Passage *African’s horrendous Journey

Slaves- could not own land, or be protected by law

Industrial North

-more diversified economy than the south

-not as much slavery

-harsher weather conditions-Longer winters rocky soil- Hard for farming

-food exports, lumber industry- Lots of wood for building

-#1 ship building, iron making

EducationEducation

Colleges were mainly founded for Colleges were mainly founded for religious training. religious training.

More people could read in Europe More people could read in Europe compared to the Coloniescompared to the Colonies

There wasn’t as much education in There wasn’t as much education in the South compared to the Norththe South compared to the North. .

Enlightenment

-stresses the use of reason and scientific method *Believed God created an orderly universe. The law of this universe could be discovered through the use of Human Reason

-Benjamin Franklin became most famous early American scientist

-Enlightenment also led to increasing educational levels

-Led to the founding of colleges---many for religious training

Philosophy-John Locke-Natural

Rights *Rights you are born withlife, liberty, property

-Social Contractan agreement between a people and their government to protect their rights= Obey the Gov’t and they will protect you natural rights

-Baron Montesquieuseparation of powers in gov’t * Dividing the branches of Gov’t into different parts to balance each other so that no one can become too strong or threaten individual rights.

Colonial Society-plantation owners were top

of society*Controlled economic and political life of the region

-small farmers were most of the population

-second class role of women* maids- cooks- teachers

Married women had NO RIGHTS

-indentured servants – possible for poor to come to the Colonies- work for 5 yrs

Witch Trials

-1692 - Salem , Massachusetts

Devout Puritans

-young girls accused people of being witches

-witches were often executed unless they exposed other “witches”

-trials later suspended due to poor evidence

*19 executed

Great Awakening-a revival of the Puritan faith (PROTESTANT reformation) - 1720’s powerful religious

revival- Fiery preachers stressed

importance of personal religious experience- questioned authority of religious rulers

-Jonathan Edwards“Sinners in the Hands of an

Angry God”

-the revival led to new religious denominations

Tore Churches apart- Baptist- Methodist

*Africans found hope in Christianity