Colonial Evolution in the 18th Century

Ana Yurena Manzano García Rosana Villares Maldonado

COLONIAL AMERICA

Index

�  Introduction: Territories, Economy and Society. �  Internal Cultural Conflicts:

� Enlightenment. � The Great Awakening.

�  Imperial Wars: � King George’s War. � Seven Years’ War.

� Conclusion.

INTRODUCTION: FRENCH TERRITORIES

INTRODUCTION: SPANISH TERRITORIES

INTRODUCTION: ENGLISH TERRITORIES

INTRODUCTION: ECONOMY MERCANTILISTS EMPIRES IN AMERICA � Mercantilism. � Navigation Acts and its effects by 1750.

� Limited imperial trade to British-owned ships. � Navigation Acts forbidden the colonies’ exports of

good (unless England and Scotland). � Encouraged economic diversification. � Enrich the American Colonies.

�  French colonies: They lost money with the fur trade. �  Spanish colonies: Smuggling goods.

INTRODUCTION: SOCIETY IMMIGRATION DURING 18TH CENTURY ORIGIN POPULATION

Spanish colonies 19,000

French colonies 60,000

British colonies 1,1 million

Enslaved Africans Largest group of newcomers

Ireland 100,000

Germany 65,000

INTRODUCTION: SOCIETY THE RISE OF THE COLONIAL ELITES �  17th Century: class structure was no visible. � Wealth defined status (man and wife). �  18th Century:

� Main categories: � The Great gentry. � The lesser gentry. � The middle class farmers. � Colonial cities: poor urban underclass.

INTRODUCTION: SOCIETY ELITES AND COLONIAL POLITICS �  The colonial elite dominated politics as well as society. �  Political leadership: wealthy families with a tradition of

public service. � Conditions to vote:

� Men had to own land and properties. � Women, blacks and Indians excluded.

�  Political indifference (rural areas, no political parties). �  Political life only flourished in the major seaports. �  Political development: the rise of the assembly.

INTERNAL CULTURAL CONFLICTS

� ENLIGHTENMENT: It is a movement characterized by a faith in reason and an appreciation of natural science.

� THE GREAT AWAKENING: It is a religious movement that pulsed across Protestant Europe in the 1730s and 1740s.

INTERNAL CULTURAL CONFLICTS: ENLIGHTENMENT

� American intellectuals. � Faith in reason and the appreciation of natural

science. � Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. �  It flourishes in the seaboard cities. � John Locke: “Rational” religion. � Fear Christianity’s excesses.

INTERNAL CULTURAL CONFLICTS: THE GREAT AWAKENING

�  Ordinary people. �  A revival religious movement. �  Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield, Gilbert

Tennent. �  Division of American Protestantism: “New

Lights”.

INTERNAL CULTURAL CONFLICTS: THE GREAT AWAKENING

� Long-term effects: � Decline in the influence of older sects. � Founding of new colleges. � African Americans and Native Americans were

drew to Protestantism. � Women prominence in colonial religion. � Religious tolerance.

IMPERIAL WARS: THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR (1756-1763)

�  Virtual state of war between France and Britain.

�  First years France won. �  In 1758 the situation

changed for Britain (William Pitt).

�  In 1760 the French resistance ended.

IMPERIAL WARS: THE SEVEN YEARS’ WAR (1756-1763)

� Treaty of Paris of 1763. � Territories after the

war: � Britain. � Spain. � France.

� Proclamation line of 1763.

CONCLUSION � Cultural Conflicts: Enlightenment and The Great

Awakening. �  Imperial Wars: King George’s War and Seven Years’

War.

These are some of the causes of the tensions between the colonies and the British Empire that will end into

the American Revolution.