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Consulting™
Gut Health
The Big Picture
Stephen R. Collett
The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Centre,
953 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30602‐4875
[email protected] reserved1
Western Poultry Conference
February 22nd , 2015
Consulting™
Gut Health
Form
Function
Flora
Copyright reserved2impossible to compartmentalize / no starting or finishing point
Consulting™
Gut Health:
Form
• Process control
– Digestive Tract
• Infrastructure for
– Replacement/maintenance
– Digestion and Absorption
• Provides
– Microbial Habitat
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Consulting™
Gut Health:
Function
• Digestion
• Absorption
• Post renal water balance
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Consulting™
Digestion and Absorption• Occurs in the upper intestine ‐ Surface Area dependant– Brush border enzymes
• Demonstrated by– Good tone
– Thick wall
– Villus alignment
• Reflected in – Good feed efficiency
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Consulting™
Post renal concentration of urine
• Occurs in the caecae – Functional Integrity dependant
• Demonstrated by– Thin wall
– Content• Consistency
• Color
• Reflected in – Dry litter
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Emergent properties of the Microbiota
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Consulting™
Gut Health:
Flora
– Bacterial Microbiota that permit birds to attain genetic potential within the prevailing production system without compromising end‐product value
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Consulting™
Bacterial Composition of the Broiler Intestine (16S clone libraries)
CecumIleum
Clostridaceae
Others
Lactobacillaceae
Modified ‐ Lee 2004Copyright reserved8
Consulting™
Putting it Together
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Consulting™
Intestinal Nutrient Density and Caecal Ecology
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Enzyme breakdown
Reduced concentration of Nutrients in the caecae
Nutrient density declines as nutrients are digested and absorbed
Intense microbe competition for
nutrients
Steady state (limited replication)
Consulting™
Gut Flora vs House Flora
• Upper intestinal integrity determines short term performance……… this growout
• The composition of the Microbiota determines long term performance! ..next 3 growouts
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Intake Feed Water Litter…..
Excretion
Litter
It is a numbers game
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Replication?Replication?
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Consulting™
Evaluating Gut Health
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Body water
Dietary water Drinking water Environmental water
Water intake Metabolic Water Spillage Condensation
Liquid Water Loss (20 –50%)
Evaporative Water Loss (50
– 80%)
Consulting™
Inflammation and cellular sloughing
Feed passage
Fermentation in the caecae
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Poor Uniformity
Consulting™
Necropsy
Much more than Cocci scoring………
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Consulting™
Bird Selection
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Minimum of 5 randomly selected, healthy birds to represent the average
Consulting™
Bird Handling
• Must be consuming feed or have had feed available.
• Minimal delay between collection and processing – maximum 1 hour.
• No delay between euthanasia and necropsy
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Consulting™
Necropsy Instruments
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Consulting™
Overall
• Uniformity and weight for age
• Gut‐fill and consistency
• Wall thickness
• Tensile strength
• Color
• Length
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Specifics
• Content– Consistency– Color– Gas
• Wall– Thickness– Resilience– Structure
• Exudate– Watery– Mucoid– Hemorrhagic
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…………read the story…………
Consulting™
Mouth Lesions
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Feed Processing
• Acidification
• Grinding
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Consulting™
Feed Processing?
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Consulting™
Digestion and Absorption
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Consulting™
Villus Integrity = Surface Area
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Consulting™
Improving villus visualization
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Consulting™
Enteritis
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Consulting™
Obvious Enteritis
• Thin walled
• No tone
• Cellular sloughing
• Short villi – no alignment
• Inflammation
• Enlarged GALT
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Consulting™
Ingesta coated with mucus
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Consulting™
Fermentation
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Consulting™
Reading the story…..
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Consulting™
Managing Gut Health
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Consulting™
• Parent microbiota
• Hatchery
• House flora, feed, water
• Gut environment
• Digestibility
• Immunity
• Gut microbiota
• House environment
Managing Intestinal Health Challenges
Accelerate Evolution of Microbiota
Maintain Stability & Diversity of
Microbiota
Increase resilience
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Consulting™
Managing the Bacterial Microbiota
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Immature Mature
EvolutionRegression
Consulting™
and the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota
• Seed– the gut with favorable organisms
• Feed – the favorable organisms
• Weed– out the unfavorable organisms
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Consulting™
Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota
Seed the Gut with Favorable Flora
• Control parent flock flora
• Apply CEor DFM
• Manage house flora
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Consulting™
Rehabilitating or Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota
Feed
the Favorable Flora and starve the unfavorable Flora
• Acid
• Enzyme
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Consulting™
Rehabilitating or Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota
Weed
out the Unfavorable Flora
• Selective Exclusion
– Antimicrobials
– Essential oils
– Attachment blockers (type 1 fimbriae)
• Competitive Exclusion– Community management
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Consulting™
Gut Flora vs House Flora
• Upper intestinal integrity determines short term performance……… this growout
• The composition of the Microbiota determines long term performance! ..next 3 growouts
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Consulting™
Summary• Servicing the food industry
– Safe, wholesome and satisfying
• Defining Gut Health– Form, Function and Flora
• Evaluating Gut Health– In the House
• Wet litter, poor uniformity, mucus, feed passage, pale watery to foamy excreta
– At necropsy• Thin walled, no tone or villus structure, exudate , cellular debris
• Managing Microbiota– Accelerate evolution of intestinal microbiota
– Rehabilitate microbiota after disturbance
1. Seed = Probiotic
2. Feed = Acids and Enzymes
3. Weed = Antibiotic, Essential oils, Type 1 fibria blockers,Competitive exclusion
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Consulting™
Gut Health
The Big Picture
Stephen R. Collett
The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Centre,
953 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30602‐4875
[email protected] reserved47
Western Poultry Conference
February 22nd , 2015