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Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

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Page 1: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Collection 4: Making Generalizations

Unit 2Reading Focus Essays

Page 2: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

When you attend a football game or shop at the mall . . .

. . . you usually observe the people around you.

You look at their clothes and notice their behavior.

Page 3: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

Based on these observations, you might make generalizations—broad conclusions drawn from specific clues—about these people.

He has good taste.She likes

sports.

Page 4: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

We also make generalizations when we read literature.

• We notice specific clues in the text.

• Then, we reach broad conclusions about the author’s message, theme, or purpose for writing.

The more text we read and the more clues we observe, the more accurate our generalizations will be.

Page 5: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

Here’s how the generalization process works:

Note specific clues the author gives:

Combine the clues to make a generalization about the author’s message.

• repetition of words and phrases

• related ideas, examples, or illustrations

• direct statements

1

2

Page 6: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

Apply the generalization process as you read the following passage from Thoreau’s Walden.

Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. . . . Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.

Page 7: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

What examples and illustrations does Thoreau use?

Making Generalizations

Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. . . . Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.

They show how to simplify.

Step 1. Notice clues.

What do these examples and illustrations show?

more than his ten fingershas hardly need to count

be necessary eat but onemeals a day, if it

Page 8: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

What word is repeated?

Making Generalizations

Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. . . . Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.

the importance of keeping things simple

Step 1. Notice clues.

What point does this repetition emphasize?

simplicity, simplicity!Simplicity,

Page 9: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Find one direct statement Thoreau uses to instruct people.

Making Generalizations

Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. . . . Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.

Do not schedule too many activities and obligations in your life.

Step 1. Notice clues.

What does he mean by this statement?

affairs be as two or three, and not alet your

hundred or a thousand

Page 10: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

What generalization can you make about Thoreau’s message?

Making Generalizations

Our life is frittered away by detail. An honest man has hardly need to count more than his ten fingers, or in extreme cases he may add his ten toes, and lump the rest. Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand; instead of a million count half a dozen, and keep your accounts on your thumbnail. . . . Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.

He is urging the reader to simplify life by reducing the number of details and choices that are encountered daily.

Step 2. Combine clues to generalize.

affairs be as two or three, and not alet your

hundred or a thousand

more than his ten fingershas hardly need to count

be necessary eat but onemeals a day, if it

simplicity, simplicity!Simplicity,

Page 11: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

Making Generalizations

Your Turn

Read the passage from Walden that appears on the following two slides. Apply the strategy you have learned in this presentation.

Note Thoreau’s repeated words or phrases; related ideas, examples, or illustrations; and direct statements.

These will help you make a generalization about his feelings toward the railroads.

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Making Generalizations

Your TurnWe do not ride on the railroad; it rides upon us. Did you ever think what those sleepers are that underlie the railroad? Each one is a man, an Irishman, or a Yankee man. The rails are laid on them, and they are covered with sand, and the cars run smoothly over them. They are sound sleepers, I assure you. And every few years a new lot is laid down and run over; so that, if some have the pleasure of riding on a rail, others have the misfortune to be ridden upon.

Continued on next slide

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Making Generalizations

[End of Section]

Your TurnAnd when they run over a man that is walking in his sleep, a supernumerary1 sleeper in the wrong position, and wake him up, they suddenly stop the cars, and make a hue and cry about it, as if this were an exception. I am glad to know that it takes a gang of men for every five miles to keep the sleepers down and level in their beds as it is, for this is a sign that they may sometime get up again.

1. supernumerary: additional; unnecessary.

Page 14: Collection 4: Making Generalizations Unit 2 Reading Focus Essays

The End

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