Collaborative Approaches toInfrastructure Security

Will Kirksey, P.E.Senior FellowCERF/IIECAn affiliate of ASCE

I I E C

Overview

Value of collaborationExisting initiatives and opportunities

TISPCIRIDRILLVOLTAG

Potential next steps

I I E C

Value of Collaboration

Transportation is essential to nearly everyother sector:Cross sector threats and responsesInterdependenciesMutual learning opportunitiesHarmonization of methods and metrics

I I E C

Appropriate Collaboration

Support decentralized responsePromote and support specificorganizational activitiesHarmonize methods, but no cookbooksLeverage resourcesExpand and speed communication

I I E C

Existing Initiatives andOpportunities

The Infrastructure Security Partnership (TISP)– USACE and othersThe Critical Infrastructure Response Initiative(CIRI) – ASCE

Disaster Response Initiative at the Local Level(DRILL)Volunteer Technical Assistance Group (VOLTAG)ASCE SC Section and SAME

CERF/IIEC Executive Program Series

I I E C

TISP

An “association of associations”Open to all local state and federalagencies; professional associations,societies, and trade groups; etc.Focus: leverage the collective technicalexpertise and R, D, & D capability ofprofessionals in the design andconstruction industry and government,

I I E C

TISP Functions

Facilitate dialogueProvide technical supportComment on public policyBuild specific collaborativeprograms

I I E C

TISP Activities & Objectives

Support individual members in meetingspecific responsibilities for infrastructuresecurity and protectionDevelop integrated solutionsUndertake joint efforts as appropriateConduct a quarterly discussion forum on keyissuesConduct an annual conference (#1 will beNovember 5-7, 2002)

I I E C

TISP Activities & Objectives (continued)

Promote broad collaboration andparticipationEnsure effective communicationHelp identify and disseminate key dataand informationBuild synergy and professionalrelationshipsDevelop methods and protocols

I I E C

TISP Membership

Founding members: AIA, ACEC, ASCE,SAME, FEMA, FFC, AGC, NAVFAC, NIST,and USACEOffice of Homeland Security (ex-officio)Over 40 organizations have expressedinterest in joiningNo fee to join

I I E C

ASCE’s CIRI

Response on multiple levelsBuilding Performance Study TeamsSupport to the professionDeveloping local networks

DRILLVOLTAG

I I E C

ASCE’s CIRI –Professional Support

Assessing infrastructure vulnerabilityPrioritizing infrastructure renovationIdentifying R&D needs for new approaches toprotecting critical infrastructureDeveloping retrofit designs to mitigatedamage from disastersDeveloping new design procedures (includingcodes and standards)Improving disaster preparedness andresponse

I I E C

ASCE’s CIRI – Local Networks

Disaster response is primarily localResponders need:

Technical assistanceInformationCommunication supportPlanning and practice

ASCE, SAME, TISP and others areworking to develop these capabilities

I I E C

Overview of CERF Forum

Held October 23 & 24, 2001,First post-9/11 national gathering of designand construction industry leadersOver 150 senior leaders participatedThe meeting was designed to:

Share experiences from efforts underwayProvide a basis for ongoing coordinationCreate the basis for a plan of action

I I E C

Overview of CERF Forum(continued)

The program was designed around threethemes:Government and InstitutionalPerspectiveClinical and technical perspectiveEnvironmental and utility infrastructureconsiderations

Analysis NeedsProcess NeedsPoints of vulnerability

Vulnerability assessment andreduction

I I E C

Analysis needs:

Method for integrated analysis ofthreats, assets, and risksIndependent, objective, inter-disciplinary assessment of technologyConsistent standards and metricsRe-examination of codes and standards

I I E C

Process Needs:

Enhanced communications within andbetween government, the private sector, andthe publicPre-approval and pre-qualification of disastermitigation technologiesFocus on better management ofconsequencesCreate local and regional response networksDevelop integrated training, education, andtechnology transfer programs

I I E C

Points of Vulnerability

Concentrated and/or valuable assets“Iconic” structures, monuments, or facilitiesLarge gatherings of people – e.g., sportingevents, transportation hubs, theme parks,shopping malls, etc.Leverage points – i.e., where small actionswould have large impacts (e.g., waterpumping stations)

I I E C

Current technologies(Needing enhancement)

Smart communications and sensor systemsfor monitoring and surveillanceScenario- based models for contingencyplanning and trainingModular “safe havens” and life supportequipment for on site storageImproved command, communications, andcontrol capabilityAdvanced materials for strength, resilience,and self-repair

I I E C

Current technologies(Needing enhancement - cont.)

Redundant and/or mobile command centersEmergency backup infrastructure systems(e.g., redundant energy and water supplies)Response and rescue equipmentRestrictions on surface transportation accessto buildings and facilitiesBackflow prevention in water systems

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs

Needs were identified in three categories:Systems AnalysisIntelligent InfrastructureSpecific Technologies

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Systems Analysis

Integrated modeling of regional infrastructurecomponents (w/ scenario capability)Simulation studies of various facility typesAdaptation of military-type gaming andintelligence gathering methodsIT to integrate monitoring and surveillancewith operations and maintenance systems

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Intelligent Infrastructure

Distributed intelligent networks as the basisof designLow cost sensors and monitoring systemsSmart materials for sensing and self-repairTracking for potential weapons (e.g., tankertrucks, construction equipment, buses, etc.)Common data protocolsComprehensive chemical/biological analysison a chip and cheap sensors

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Intelligent Infrastructure (cont.)

Example: Smart Tunnel integrating sensors and systemscontrols:HVAC system senses fire, toxic or bio agentTakes automatic action depending on nature andlocation of threat, e.g:

Reverses flow to protect occupantsStops flow to isolate contaminantsRoutes flow through special filters or catalystsActivates fire extinguishers

Alerts occupants and recommends actionsEtc.

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Specific Technologies

Examples for all infrastructure sectors:Cost effective drilling and excavation methods tomove critical facilities undergroundDecentralize, miniaturize, and network infrastructuresystems and other assetsImprove fire resistanceDevelop non-toxic alternatives for chemicals used ininfrastructure (e.g., chlorine for water treatment)Identification of military ‘dual use’ technologies

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Specific Technologies (continued)

Examples from the Buildings Sector:Improved egress design, education, andtrainingMaterials and design innovation to strengthenbuilding envelopes and structuresCreate new, integrated barrier designsIntegrate HVAC operations with chemical andtoxic monitoring, filtering, etc.

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Specific Technologies (continued)

Examples from the Water Sector:Protect distribution systems

In-line, real time monitors and controlsBackflow prevention

Protect Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition(SCADA) systems from hackingReduce vulnerabilities from interdependence

Electricity outageDisruption of chlorine deliveries

Cost-effective alternatives for small town/ruralsystems

I I E C

Near-Term R&D Needs:Specific Technologies (continued)

Examples from the energy sector:Distributed generationCost-effective undergroundtransmission and distributionDomestic vehicle fuelsPipeline monitoring and surveillance

I I E C

Emerging Concerns & Issues

Conducting whole systems analyses ofinfrastructure systemsDesigning to consider human factors invulnerabilityDeveloping multi-purpose technology (e.g.,disaster mitigation and public safety orenvironmental control) to enhance cost-effectivenessAccelerating technology transfer anddeployment

I I E C

Potential Next Steps

Join TISPParticipate in Nov 2002 meetingGet involved in ASCE CIRIAttend next CERF/IIEC ExecutiveProgram Series (April 2002)Consider a transportation sector summitmeeting for specific activities

I I E C

ConclusionWe have an unprecedented opportunity to

rethink infrastructure science and technology.For example, the infrastructure of the future could be:Mass produced in small, modular unitsFunctionally integrated (e.g. water, energy, and solidwaste disposal in one unit)Delivered and installed at point of use (decentralized)Plug and play components of a distributed networkMostly low value targets for terroristsPart of a widespread monitoring and surveillancesystem to detect threats and aid response