Cold War Part1

7/29/2019 Cold War Part1

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THE

COLDWAR

BEGINS


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Provided college for returningWorld War II veterans(commonly referred to as GIs)

THE G.I. BILL

Millions of GIs bought homes,attended college, startedbusiness venture, or found jobs

Provided one year ofunemployment compensation


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THE G.I. BILLVA Mortgages paidfor nearly 5 million

new homes, bymaking homes

affordable with lowinterest rates and

30 year loans.

Between 1945 and 1954, theU.S. added 13 million new

homes to its housing stock

President Franklin Roosevelt signs the GI Bill in 1944


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Truman and civil rightsOne of the major acts made

by Truman was when hemade an executive order

to end segregation inthe armed forces

Truman also askedCongress to pass a civil

bill that would makelynching a federal crime


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ELECTION of 1948

Thomas DeweyHarry S Truman Strom Thurmond

any people didnt thinkhe would be re-elected

Truman angered manySouthern Democrats by

supporting integration

People were so sure thatTruman would lose that oneheadline even incorrectlysaid that Dewey had wonHistorians view the Electionof 1948 as the greatestelection upset in U.S. histor


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United States

Democracy

The er a of confr onta tion an d competition betweenthe U.S. an d the Soviet Un ion when the thr ea t of

nu clear war crea ted constant wor ld tension

vs.

Soviet Union

Communism


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Differing PhilosophiesBelieved in dem ocr at ic for m s ofgovernmentBelieved econom ic sta b ility wou lkeep peace in t he wor dBelieved th e free enter pr isesystem wa s necessar y for econom icgrowth

Believed in a com m un istic for m sof gover nm entBelieved in wor ker s revolting(str iking) against b usiness owner san d tak ing contr ol of gover nm entWan ted to contr ol coun tr iesbetween R ussia an d G er m any


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Soviets

take overEastern

EuropeSoviet troops move into Germany near the end of World War II

As World War II ended,th e Soviet ar m y occup iedth e coun tr ies of Easter n

Eur ope tha t Ger m anyhad conq uered du r ing


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The Iron Curtain

An iron curtain has descended across the Continent Prime M inister Winston Churchill

Poland, Romania,Czechoslovakia,Hungary Bulgariaand East Germanybecame satellitenations of SovietUnion


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Peep u nder theIr on cur tainMarch 6, 1946

W ho is J oe?W hat par t ofEur ope is sea ledoff?W hat does thewa ll sym bolize?


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Letter from U.S. diplomatGeorge Kennan that led to theU.S. policy of containment of

communism.

Kennan said the Russians were concerned aboutinvasions from the west and wanted a buffer zone

Russians wanted to spread communism world-wideU.S. should use diplomatic, economic and military

actions to keep communism contained


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Truman DoctrineU.S. foreign p olicy esta b lished b y Pr esident Tr um an sayingth e U.S. wou ld p r otect dem ocr acies thr oughout th e wor ld

I t m ust b e th e policyof th e United States tosupp or t fr ee peopleswho a r e resistingattem pted sub jugationby ar m ed m inor ities oroutside p r essur es-- Har r y Trum an


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It p ledged th at t he United Sta teswou ld fight Comm unismworldwide

Tr um an Doctr inewas an extension toth e U.S. for eignpolicy set for th in th eM onr oe Doctr ine(1823) and th eR oosevelt C orolla r y

Truman Doctrine

American tanks provided by the Truman Doctrine roll through Turkey


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Secreta r y of Stat eG eor ge M ar shalltour ed Wester nE ur ope; witn essedwidespreadhom elessness an dfamine.

Aid for Europe

Children in a London suburb, waiting outside the wreckage of what was their home

Fear ing Eu r opeanswould tur n tocomm unism as anan swer t o theireconomicpr oblem s, M ar shallpr oposed th e U.S.help to r ebuildE ur o e lead in


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Marshall

PlanU.S. p lan for rebuildingWester n Eu r ope, an d repellincommunism after World WarII

Plan m ad e U.S. her oes topeople of Wester n E ur ope

Plan pu m pedbillions of dolla rin to Wester nEur ope for foodan d sup plies

George C. Marshall


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Marshall Plan aids Western EuropeThe Marshall Plan proved to be a great success

Within 4 years, countries receiving aid saw a41% higher industrial production than on theeve of World War II

Countries were stabilized and exports wererising rapidly

Countries receiving aid under Marshall Plan


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Eastern European

countries were offered

to take part in theMarshall Plan

but Stalin and otherEast European leaders

refused financial help

from the United States

W ha t is thiscar toon tr ying tosay?


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The Potsdam Conference

T he Potsda m C onfer ence was a m eeting of th e Alliedlead er s dur ing Wor ld W ar II to decide wha t to do with


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Germany

Divided

O ccupat ion zonesafter 1945. Ber lin isthe m ultina tionala r ea with in th e Sovietzone.

After World War II ,Germ any wasd ivided into fourzones, occup ied b yFr ench , Br itish ,Am er ican , an dSoviet tr oops.

British

French

American

Soviet


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In J une of 1948, th eFr ench, Br it ish an dAm er ican zones wer ejoined in to th e na tionof West G er m an y afterth e Soviets r efused toend th eir occupat ion ofGermany.

East and West

Germany

formed

WestGermany

EastGermany

West Berlin

East Berlin


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In r esponse, th eSoviets cu t off WestBer lin fr om th e rest ofth e wor ld with ablockade. (video 1:46)

Even tu a l site of th e Ber lin W all


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Berlin AirliftPresident Trumandecided to avoid the

blockade by flying infood and other

supplies to the needypeople of West Berlin

At times, over 5,000tons of supplies

arrived daily


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Berlin Airlift

The Ber lin Air lift savedth e peop le of WestBer lin fr om fa llingunder Soviet Unioncontrol

The air lift con tinu ed for11 m onths before Stalinfina lly lifted th eblockade

Soviet b lockade of WestG er m an y convincedm an y Amer ican s tha t theSoviets were tr ying toconqu er oth er n ations


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Birth of NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization

Formed in 1949 to protect WesternEurope from Soviet aggression

Th W P


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The Warsaw Pact

The Warsaw Pact was the Soviet Unions response tothe creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Poland, Romania,Czechoslovakia,Hungary Bulgariaand East Germanybecame satellitenations of SovietUnion

C i U


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Coming Up

The Korean War McCarthyism

Th C ld W H U


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The Cold War Heats Up

C ld W d A i


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Cold War spreads to AsiaCommuniststa ke over inChina M ao Zedong takecon tr ol of C h inesgover nm ent fr omC han g K ai-sheksNationalist Pa r ty

H alf the wor ld n ow ap pear ed tobe und er C om m un ist contr olTh e countr y of K orea becam ethe next b att legroun d in th e

China Korea

Documents

Cold War Part1