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Cold War
1945-1989
• Divided into 4 zones of occupation; Berlin also divided
Germany
• Occupied by U.S. troops
• Demilitarized
• Industries re-built with modern machinery
Japan
• Divided into 2 zones of occupation (USSR and US)
• Boundary is 38th parallel(38 North latitude)
Korea
What should be done about…?
• United Nations created by 50 nations that met in 1945 in San Francisco
Maintaining Peace?
• The United Nations is a Peacekeepingorganization which pledged ―to save succeeding generations free from the scourge of war‖.
What should be done about…?
• Marshall Plan gave money to rebuild European cities and industries ($13 billion)
• Marshall Plan also offered to the Soviet Union, Stalin refusesfor entire Soviet Bloc countries.
Rebuilding Europe?
What should be done about…?
• Israel created by United Nations as a homeland for the Jews
• Israel is created in Palestine
• Resulted in conflict with the Arabs who lived there.
• Became independent in 1948;
• Attacked by neighboring countries THE NEXT DAY!
Jews
Map creation of Israel
Pair Share• What happened to Germany after the
war?
• What happened to Korea after the war?
• What happened to Japan after the war?
• Why was the United Nations created?
• Why was Israel created?
• What was the Marshall Plan?
But the really BIG question was…
What should be the relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union?
The Problem…..
• We did not Trust the Russians
• Stalin didn’t trust anybody
• We became concerned about thespread of Communism
Spread of Communism
• http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/communis.htm
Results…..
• Stalin stated that communismshould be spread to other nations
• Didn’t allow occupied parts of Germany and Korea to hold free elections (they became East Germany and North Korea.
Results
• Supported and controlled communist dictatorships in Eastern Europe
• Used Eastern European countries to create a ―buffer zone‖ against attackand Western ideas
• Travel and communication between communist countries and the rest of the world restricted.
United States did not trust the Russians
Stalin did not trust anybody
Presentations
• Containment
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• NATO
United States Establishes a Policy of Containment.
• U.S. forms a policy of containment—measures to prevent the spread of communism
• The Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan and NATOare the three pillars of
containment.
Countries of Eastern Europe became known as the…
• Iron Curtain countries• Soviet Bloc• Soviet satellite countries
The Iron Curtain became a heavily fortified border
through Europe.
•The Iron Curtain took physical form in the shape of border defenses between the countries of the western and eastern blocs.
What do they mean by “No Admittance by order of Joe?”
Who is Joe and who are they keeping
out?
Iron Curtain in Germany
• In some places a "deathstrip" was constructed on the East German side of the barrier, in which unauthorized access would be met with bullets.
• The actual borderline was marked by posts and signs and was overlooked by numerous watchtowers set behind the barrier.
Pair Share• Why were Western nations afraid of
the spread of communism?• What is meant by the term ―Iron
Curtain?‖• What is the policy of containment?• What are the three ―pillars of
containment?‖• What was the purpose of the Marshall
Plan?
Berlin Blockade…• USSR’s attempted to stop France,
Britain, and the U.S. from combining their occupied zones in German into the country of West Germany.
• USSR cut off routes in and out of West Berlin.
• USSR halted all supplies going into Berlin via ground transportation.
Presentation Berlin Airlift
Result…
• U.S. and Britain fly all food and supplies into Berlin called the Berlin Airlift.
• Airlift continued for 321 days; 272,000 flights were flown into West Berlin.
• Lasted from June, 1948 to May 1949-Ended when Stalin realized the blockadewas a failure.
Berlin Airlift
The world is divided into…
The Democratic World:
Western Europe
Japan
Austrailia
United States
Communist World:
USSR
Soviet Bloc
China
North Korea
later Cuba
So…what should be the response of the United States?
• Truman Doctrine– The United States will provide
economic and military aid to stop the spread of communismto other nations. (Policy of Containment)
The Truman Doctrine
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
– military alliance to protect all members from attack; included United States, Canada, and Western European nations.
It was a reaction to the BerlinBlockade.
Warsaw Pact– military alliance of USSR and
European satellite nations formed in response to NATO • Allowed Soviet troops to be stationed in
each member country.
• The armies of the member countries were under control of the USSR.
• Countries involved included Albania, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, Romania, Poland, and the Soviet Union
NATO & Warsaw Pact Map
Cold War Presentation
Bottom Line….
• Democracy vs. Communism (political)• Communism vs. Capitalism (economic)• Superpower (US) vs. Superpower (USSR)
• Eastern Europe vs. Western Europe• North Korea vs. South Korea
• Republic of China (Taiwan) vs. Peoples Republic of China (Mainland China)
• Cuba vs. United States• North Vietnam vs. South Vietnam
The Cold War….
• the hostility that grew out of this rivalry and mistrust between the UnitedStates and the Soviet Union.
• began immediately after World War II ended and continued until the fall of the Soviet Union in the early 1990’s
Causes of Cold War….
• Mutual distrust between United States and USSR– communists hoped for world-wide
revolution
• Stalin’s refusal to allow self-government in Eastern Europe and North Korea
• Communists took over China– Mao Zedong 1940
Effects of Cold War…
• Truman Doctrine• giving aid to nations to keep them from coming under communist control
• Policy of containment– restricting communism to where it
currently existed
Effects of Cold War…
• Increased Marshall Plan aide• Good economy meant market for United
States products and less chance of communists taking control.
• Eastern European countries became soviet ―Satellites‖ as a buffer between USSR and Europe
CIA
In January, 1946, Truman established the Central Intelligence Agency.
• CIA spies gather information in foreign countries.
• During the Cold War the CIA began to carry out covert, or secret, operations to weaken or overthrow governments unfriendly to the United States.
Pair Share• What was the Truman Doctrine? • Why was NATO created?• Who is part of NATO?• Why was the Warsaw Pact created? • Who is part of the Warsaw Pact? • What was Truman’s policy of dealing
with communism called? • What was the Berlin Airlift? • Why did we need the Berlin Airlift?• Why was the CIA created?
• How did the Berlin Airlift support the U.S. policy of containment?
• How did the formation of NATO support the U.S. policy of containment?
