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Cold War Conflicts. Korea - Vietnam. Korea. First war that grew from Cold War ideologies 1950 – Communist North Korea crossed the 38 th parallel and attacked Democratic South Korea Douglas MacArthur Led America to victory Fired by Truman for being insubordinate - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cold War ConflictsKorea - Vietnam
Korea• First war that grew from
Cold War ideologies– 1950 – Communist North
Korea crossed the 38th parallel and attacked Democratic South Korea
– Douglas MacArthur• Led America to victory
– Fired by Truman for being insubordinate
– Wanted to use A-bomb against China
– 38th parallel kept as a result
Bay of Pigs Invasion
• CIA trained Cubans to overthrow Communist Fidel Castro– Plan was a disaster– Air attacks failed– Cubans could not make it
ashore– The U.S. was humiliated
and had to accept defeat– Embarrassed Kennedy
administration
Berlin
• The Soviets took a strong hold in East Berlin
• They continued to seek a blockade of people flowing from east to west
• The Soviets built a wall, the Berlin Wall, to stop the flow and avoid a showdown with the U.S. in Germany
Cuban Missile Crisis• A U-2 spy plane took pictures
of Soviets building missile site in Cuba, 1962
• Kennedy prepared the Armed Forces, the U.S. went to Defense Condition (DEFCON) 2: DEFCON 1 means war.
• The U.S. navy formed a “Quarantine” of Cuba (not a “blockade”)
• The world waited as the Soviets drew near
• Khrushchev called his ships back and demanded that the U.S. stay out of Cuba and remove its missiles from Turkey
• Limited Test Ban Treaty• Banned nuclear testing
above ground• Eliminated radioactive
fallout
Vietnam• Vietnam’s Past
– France became a colonial power in Vietnam in the 1800s
– After WWII, Communist Ho Chi Minh lead a Vietnamese Independence Movement
– Vietnam Battled France at Dien Bien Phu
– July, 1954• Vietnam divided into 2 nations –
17th parallel• South Vietnam lead by U.S.
backed Ngo Dinh Diem
• 1954-63– Eisenhower sent 675
military “advisors” in 1960
– By the end of 1963, Kennedy had sent 16,000
– Both men were determined to “contain” Communism
• Assassinations– Ngo Dinh Diem
• Unpopular leader• Overthrown and killed,
1963– JFK killed, 1963 • Gulf of Tonkin Incident
– Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked a U.S. destroyer
– Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin resolution (1965)
– Gave the President the power to “prevent further aggression”
– U.S. involvement ESCALATED (Johnson)
• Viet Cong (VCs)– Communist Guerrillas
spread throughout South Vietnam (Charlie)
– Passed supplies along the “HO CHI MINH TRAIL”
• Involvement grows– Johnson ordered the
bombing of North Vietnam after Americans were killed in an attack
– America sent in more troops• Start of 1965 – 25,000• End of 1965 – 184,000• End of 1966 – 385,000• End of 1967 – 485,000• End of 1968 – 536,000
• Tet Offensive, 1968– Vietnamese launched
offensive on Vietnamese New Year
– Viet Cong attacked towns, military bases and the U.S. Embassy
– Psychological victory for Vietnam
• U.S. Offensive– U.S. continued to bomb
with saturation or “carpet” bombing
– Agent Orange– Defoliant – kills leaves– Caused health problems
in U.S. soldiers– Napalm - Burning jelly– My Lai Massacre – U.S.
soldiers killed 175 innocent Vietnamese
Vietnam and Nixon• Because of growing discontent with America’s involvement in
Vietnam, LBJ lost to Nixon in 1968• Nixon removed troops – 1968 to 1972 – from 543,000 to 39,000• Cambodia
– Nixon secretly (to avoid public outcry) bombed Cambodia– Protests result when revealed
• Jackson State• KENT STATE – 4 students shot and killed (1970)
• 1973 – U.S. signed the Treaty of Paris, promising to remove forces
• 1975– America removed final personnel– South Vietnam fell to the Communists