Cold War

CHY4U

Ideological Warfare

Soviet Ideology US Ideology

Authoritarian Freedom

One Party Rule Democracy, Multi-Party

Command Economy Laissez Faire

State Controlled Media Free Media

Leaders

US USSR

Harry Truman, 45-53 Stalin, -53

Dwight Eisenhower, 53-61 Nikita Krushchev, 53-64

John F. Kennedy, 61-63

Lyndon B. Johnson, 63-69 Leonid Brezhnev, 64-82

Richard M. Nixon. 69-74

Gerald Ford, 74-77

Jimmy Carter, 77-81 Y. Andropov, 82-84

Ronald Reagan, 81-89 Chernenko, 84-85

George Bush Gorbachev, 85-91

Germany & Berlin Divided

PBS, WWII Behind Closed Doors, Prelude to the Cold War, N.d.,

http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/maps/index.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

The Soviet Bloc

PBS, WWII Behind Closed Doors, Prelude to the Cold War, N.d., http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/maps/index.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

• At the end of WWII, there were 10 million Soviet troops occupying half of Europe

Marshall Plan

• See chart in textbook on page 407

Cristen Conger, How Did a Harvard Commencement Speech Help Save Europe After World War II?, How Stuff Works, N.d., http://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/marshall-plan2.htm (Jan. 6, 2013).

“For European Recovery Supplied by the United States of America”

Comecon

Flag of Comecon, Council for Mutual Economic Assistance

Comecon, Wikipedia, 2012, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comecon (Jan. 6, 2013).

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact

Lynn Hunt, History IC: Introduction to Western Civilization, UCLA Department of History, N.d., http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/history/hunt/classes/1c/Cold%20War.htm (Jan. 6, 2013).

China Goes Red

Mao Proclaims PRC, Oct. 1, 1949

Craig Hill, October 1, 1949 Mao Zedong Proclaims People’s Republic of China, China Daily Mail, Oct. 1, 2012, http://chinadailymail.com/2012/10/01/18322/ (Jan. 6, 2013).

Korean War

Spartacus Educational, Korean War: Primary Sources, N.d., http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkorea.htm (Jan. 6, 2013).

Vietnam War

NYU Wikis, Cold War Containment: Vietnam War, 2007, https://wikis.nyu.edu/ek6/modernamerica/index.php/Imperialism/ColdWarContainment (Jan. 6, 2013).

• L B Johnson:– “I am not going to be the president who saw

Southeast Asia go the way China went.”

Communist Victory

May 12, 1975 cover of Time Magazine

Time Topics: Vietnam – Ho Chi Minh, 2012, http://topics.time.com/vietnam/covers/ (Jan. 6, 2013).

CIA Coup in Iran

Also on that day:

Aug. 20, 1953 Moscow Says U. S. Aided Shah's CoupBy THE NEW YORK TIMES

"Royalists Oust Mossadegh; Army Seizes Helm"

James Risen, The Secret History of the CIA in Iran: Page Ones, The New York Times, 2000, http://www.nytimes.com/library/world/mideast/082053iran-pageone.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Chile

Time, Magazine Covers, Sept. 24, 1973, 2013, http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19730924,00.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Sept. 24, 1973 cover of Time Magazine

Time, Salvador Allende, 2013, http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19701019,00.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Oct. 10, 1970 cover of Time Magazine

Nicaragua

Tim Rogers, Why Nicaragua Is Ready to Re-Elect Daniel Ortega, BBC News, Nov. 2, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-15431835 (Jan. 6, 2013).

Biography.com, Daniel Ortega, 1996-2013, http://www.biography.com/people/daniel-ortega-40192

(Jan. 13, 2014).

Ortega was Sandinista leader fighting the CONTRAS, rebels secretly funded by the US

President of Nicaragua

Afghanistan

Russians Warn of Afghan Perils, BBC, Feb. 14, 2009, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7888566.stm (Jan. 6, 2013).

Soviet troops left Afghanistan in 1989 after ten years

Mujahideen resistance fighters

Bin Laden

Osama Bin Laden in Afghanistan

In Pictures: Osama Bin Laden’s Life, BBC, May 2, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13256959 (Jan. 6, 2013).

Cuba

• American economic interests in Cuba were strong: sugar industry.

• Dictator Fulgencio Batista had American support.

Fidel Castro and Che Guevara enter Havana in victory in 1959 after years of guerilla war

Cuban Revolution’s 50th Anniversary, The Telegraph, Jan. 2, 2009, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/cuba/4062159/Cuban-revolutions-50th-anniversary-Raul-Castro-says-movement-is-stronger-than-ever.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Poland June 1956

Poznan uprising involved strikes and military threats both from the Polish government and Soviet troops

Poland 1956: the Poznan Uprising, Socialist Worker Online, July 1, 2006, http://www.socialistworker.co.uk/article.php?article_id=9117 (Jan. 8, 2013).

Hungary Oct. 1956

Student march in Oct. in Budapest

Statue of Stalin downed

BBC News, In Pictures: the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, Oct. 23, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6070552.stm (Jan. 8, 2013).

Soviet Reaction

Soviet tanks sent in

BBC News, In Pictures: the 1956 Hungarian Revolution, Oct. 23, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/in_pictures/6070552.stm (Jan. 8, 2013).

Czechoslovakia

Prague Spring under Communist reformer Alexander Dubcek

Soviet tanks

Jan Velinger, The Soviet Invasion of Czechoslovakia and the Crushing of the Prague Spring, Radio Prague, Aug. 20, 2003, http://www.radio.cz/en/section/czechs/the-soviet-invasion-of-czechoslovakia-and-the-crushing-of-the-prague-spring (Jan. 8, 2013).

Cuban Missile Crisis

US aerial photo shows Soviet missiles in Cuba

BBC, Cuba Profile, Nov. 4, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-19576144 (Jan. 6, 2013).

Cuba’s proximity to the US

US-Cuban Relationship

It was a case with all the elements that would appear repeatedly during the cold war: a corrupt, repressive leader backed by the United States for his anti-Communist and pro-business views; a rising but poorly understood nationalistic insurgency; a policy of strong support for the dictator until his imminent collapse prompted a vain, hurried search for some moderate alternative; and the fall of the dictator coupled with the emergence of a revolutionary Government that viewed the United States with suspicion and hostility.

Thomas Carothers, Backing the Wrong Tyrant: Book Review of Contesting Castro, New York Times, June 12, 1994, http://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/12/books/backing-the-wrong-tyrant.html?pagewanted=2&src=pm (Jan. 6, 2013).

Detente

Nixon and Brezhnev meet in Moscow, 1972

BBC, On This Day: May 22, 1972, http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/22/newsid_4373000/4373149.stm (Jan. 6, 2013).

Nixon in China

• Nixon, learning of a split between China and the USSR, wanted to play them off against each other, and improved US relations with China by going there in 1972

Time Magazine Covers, Nixon in China, Mar. 6, 1972, 2013, http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19720306,00.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Star Wars

Reagan speaks about Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) in 1988

Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museums, Speeches, N.d., http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/photographs/speeches.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

• Military spending increased under Reagan from $171 billion (1981) to $300 billion (1985)

Sputnik

1957 Soviet media announcement of the world’s first artificial satellite

Jonathan Strickland, How Sputnik Worked, How Stuff Works, N.d., http://science.howstuffworks.com/sputnik.htm (Jan. 6, 2013).

Soviet scientist works with Sputnik, a sphere made of aluminum alloy. Even NASA credits it with the indirect creation of itself as a result of kicking off the space race between the US and the USSR.

NASA Image of the Day Gallery: Sputnik I, Oct. 4, 2011, http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/imagegallery/image_feature_924.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

• After Sputnik II was launched only one month after Sputnik I President Eisenhower was accused of allowing a “technological Pearl Harbour”

1961-1969

May 25, 1961 President Kennedy says US will get to the moon by the end of the 1960s

NASA History Office, The Decision to Go to the Moon, 2012, http://history.nasa.gov/moondec.html (Jan. 6, 2013).

Man on the Moon

Neil Armstrong working on the lunar module

NASA, July 20, 1969: One Giant Leap for Mankind, July 10, 2009, http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11_40th.html (Jan. 8. 2013).

Angola

Cuban soldiers fought alongside rebels against the South African government

Cuba and the Struggle for Democracy in South Africa, South African History Online, N.d., http://www.sahistory.org.za/topic/cuba-and-struggle-democracy-south-africa (Jan. 8, 2013).

Ethiopia

Colonel Mengitsu Haile Mariam (seen with Fidel Castro) collectivized agriculture in the late 1970s and received much support from the USSR and Cuba in their battle with Somalia

BBC News Africa, Ethiopia Profile, Sept. 23, 2012, http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13351397 (Jan. 8, 2013).