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Cold War. 1945 - 1989. Yalta Conference. Feb. 4-11, 1945 Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin Europe’s Post war reorganization Germany divided into 4 zones of occupation Poland and Yugoslavia are to remain independent Soviets commit to getting involved in defeating Japan. The Big Three. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Cold War1945 - 1989
Yalta ConferenceFeb. 4-11, 1945
Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Europe’s Post war reorganization
Germany divided into 4 zones of occupation
Poland and Yugoslavia are to remain independent
Soviets commit to getting involved in defeating Japan
The Big Three
Occupation of Germany
PotsdamJuly 16th 1945
President Truman, Josef Stalin, Clement Atlee
China, U.S. and Great Britain commit to the total defeat of Japan
Soviet’s demand territorial concessions in the East
U.S. become suspicious of Soviet intentions in the future
Allies agree to prosecute Nazi war criminals in an international war tribunal
Potsdam Big Three
Nuremberg
1945 - 1949
Trial of major Nazi war criminals
Most notable was Hitler’s number 2 man Herman Goering
23 tried, 12 sentenced to death, 5 acquitted, and the remaining sentenced to prison sentences ranging from 15 years to life
The Dock
Marshall PlanSecretary of State George C. Marshall
U.S. commit 13 billion dollars in aid to rebuild Europe
2 conditions: must allow the U.S. to look at the books and must use money to buy U.S. goods
Soviet view this as a U.S. attempt at indirect imperialism and they counter this with the Molotov plan
Truman DoctrineMarch 12th, 1947 Truman pledges to support all free peoples who are fighting armed minorities (aka communists)
U.S. sends 400 million dollars to help Greek government to overthrow rebel communist forces
I wonder how the Soviets viewed this
This same doctrine will apply to Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, and central American countries
Berlin Airlift
Berlin was divided into 4 zones of occupation creating east and west Berlin
Stalin wanted the West out of the city because US bombers could reach Moscow
Blockades Berlin from the ground for 11 months
Allies flew 270 000 flights and over 2 million tons of supplies
NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization
April 4th, 1949 - West forms a military alliance Collective defense against foreign aggression Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United StatesWhat message does this send to the Soviets?
Warsaw Pact
May 14th, 1955
Soviet response to NATO
Members: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union
The Arms Race1949- Soviet Union explodes is first A-bomb
1952- US explodes H-bomb
1953- Soviets explode H- bomb
US B52 bomber could fly 6000 miles to deliver a nuclear payload
1957 Soviets launch Sputnik (satellite). It’s vehicle would be the worlds first ICBM(Inter-continental Ballistic Missile)
Arms Race continued1950’s US intelligence estimate 20 million Americans will be lost in a nuclear attack and 22 million will be injured
1960 US build Polaris submarine which is capable of launching 16 nuclear warheads from under the water
1961 - there are enough nuclear bombs to destroy the whole world
1967 - China explodes the H-bomb1981 USA=8000 ICBM’s
1981 USA = 8000 ICBM’s USSR= 7000 ICBM’s
US defense spending = 178 billion dollars
1986 = 40 000 nuclear warheads