Cold WarChapter 32

I. IntroductionCold War- No FightingSoviet Union continued to expand after being given territory during and after WWIIUnited States tried to go back to isolationism but felt they could not with the Soviet Union causing problemsBerlin was divided up among the WWII Victors

Boils down to West (Democratic) and East (Communist)Berlin Airlift (1948)Berlin Wall (Nov 9, 1989)

II. Cold WarWestern European colonies started to break free from their western bonds

Soviet Union stepped into this power vacuumInstalled Communist Regimes in Eastern Bloc (Eastern Europe)

US steps up to stop Soviet unionTruman Doctrine- “the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”Marshall Plan- US loaned money to help Western nations to rebuild

II. Cold WarNATO- North Atlantic Treaty Organization

US, Canada and Western Europe

Warsaw PactFormed in response to NATOSoviet Union and its Eastern Europe satellites

Soviet Union and US were on the verge of a nuclear war

MAD- Mutually Assured Destruction

II. Cold WarIncrease in formal espionage

US- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)Soviet-  Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB)- State Security CommitteeUK- MI-5 and MI-6Corona and Hexagon Programs

II. Cold WarAreas of Conflict

Resulted as a part of Containment PolicyKorea

Already divided as a result of post WWII treatyCommunist North attacks South Korea

US gets involved and pushes into North KoreaChina backs up North Korea, and sends “volunteers” to helpGeneral MacArthur relieved of duty for trying to invade China

Ends back at the 38th N. Parallel

II. Cold WarAreas of Conflict Continued

VietnamUS got involved as a result of France asking for helpCommunist North was trying to take over Democratic SouthUp until that point- Most ordinance ever droppedUp to 550,000 American troopsUS pulls out as a result of extreme anti-war pressure at home

South Vietnam later falls

II. Cold WarAreas of Conflict Continued

CubaCommunist Fidel Castro took over

Bay of Pigs- Failed rebellionSoviet Union planned on building a military base and missile base on Cuba (October 14-28, 1962)Almost brought about an armed conflictSoviet Union eventually backs off on the missiles but keeps the military base

II. Cold WarSpace Race

Sputnik- 1st man-made satellite October 4, 1957Soviets first man in space on April 12, 1961US- 1st men on the moon July 20, 1969Purpose

Plan was to gain surveillance advantages1st goal was manned surveillance2nd goal was satellite surveillance

Concern was a nuclear missile satellite

III. Changes in SocietyUnited States and most of Western Europe went through an economic boom

Europe formed the European Union- made trade easier-eventually brings about EuroIncrease in materialism and consumer goods

Welfare State- Started with Great Britain as a result of the hardships of the war

Government became more involved in economic planningTried to even out social inequalities for poor

Unemployment, medical care, family assistance and public housingDoes improve overall life of poor but at a cost to taxpayers

III. Changes in SocietyRed Scare and McCarthyism

40s-50s- people conformed more to social ideologies (Leave it to Beaver)

Green Movement- political movement (1970’s)Focuses on environmental issues, “social justice” and grassroots democracyWary of extreme economic growth

III. Changes in SocietyWomen Revolution and Sexual Revolution

Increase in Leisure activities- women have more time with use of appliancesPeers become more importantWomen enter into workforce and more goods are marketed to themWomen gain the right to voteEasy access to divorceBirth Control

Brief Baby Boom 1943-1960Approved by FDA in 1960Casual sex becomes more prevalent

III. Changes in SocietyPop Culture

Coca-cola-nization- Spread of US goods to EuropeThe BeatlesUS TV- Bonanza & Dallas

IV. DownfallSoviet Union was very repressive

Limited Orthodox ChurchMost of power held under Stalin

Purges and excessesStagnant Economy- but boasted greatnessNikita Khrushchev- gained power after Stalin- DeStalinization

Allowed a little more freedomMajor economic “Economic Contest” with USCuban Missile CrisisOlympicsSpace Race (part)

IV. DownfallInvasion of Afghanistan under Brezhnev

US and Allies got involvedFunded mujahideen

Brought to light the problems of Soviet UnionEconomic downfall

Could not continue to fund arms raceAlcoholismUnrealistic economic plansQuantity vs. QualityCIA missed this? Odren insight

V. ConclusionCold War brought about some of the problems with Afghanistan and under terroristic organizationsSoviet Union eventually collapsesGovernment involvement in EconomyMajor Reforms in US

Change in the view of the US Presidents