Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Jenna Schmidt, Paul Singh, Anne RoachJenna Schmidt, Paul Singh, Anne Roach

HistoryHistory

• Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing from an experience

• Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors.

• Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

• Psychological distress stems from faulty or damaging mental processing from an experience

• Deal with cognitions, interpretations, beliefs and responses, with the aim of influencing problematic emotions and behaviors.

• Reorganization of one’s self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganization of one’s behavior.

Albert EllisAlbert Ellis

Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT) Goal of Happiness ABC Model Eleven irrational beliefs

Rational Emotive Therapy (REBT) Goal of Happiness ABC Model Eleven irrational beliefs

You FEEL the way you THINKYou FEEL the way you THINK

It is not the events taking place in our lives that upset us

It is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.

It is not the events taking place in our lives that upset us

It is the beliefs that we hold that cause us to become depressed, anxious, enraged, etc.

The Goal of HappinessThe Goal of Happiness

We want to be happy whether we are alone or with others

We want to be well informed and educated

We want a good job with good pay

We want to enjoy our leisure time

We want to be happy whether we are alone or with others

We want to be well informed and educated

We want a good job with good pay

We want to enjoy our leisure time

ABC MODELABC MODEL

A. Something happens

B. You have a belief about the situation

C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief

A. Something happens

B. You have a belief about the situation

C. You have an emotional reaction to the belief

ABC Model of Emotional Disturbance

ABC Model of Emotional Disturbance

ActivatingEvent

Belief EmotionalConsequence

A B C

A B CDifficulty

UnderstandingMath Text

I’ll neverget this!

Feeling Miserable

For Example:

Ellis’s Model

D- Disputing InterventionD- Disputing Intervention

The therapists disputes the client’s irrational beliefs

- “Why must you win everyone’s approval?”

- “Where is it written that other people must treat you fairly?”

- “Just because you want something, why must you have it?”

The therapists disputes the client’s irrational beliefs

- “Why must you win everyone’s approval?”

- “Where is it written that other people must treat you fairly?”

- “Just because you want something, why must you have it?”

E- Effective New Philosophy

E- Effective New Philosophy

The client learns new ways to substitute more adaptive thoughts in place of the beliefs that often involve unrealistic and over-generalized attributions

- “I don’t’ need everyone’s approval”- “Others don’t need to treat me fairly”

The client learns new ways to substitute more adaptive thoughts in place of the beliefs that often involve unrealistic and over-generalized attributions

- “I don’t’ need everyone’s approval”- “Others don’t need to treat me fairly”

F- Feelings (new)F- Feelings (new)

The client’s new trains of thought lead to more effective and rational behavior

- “I can approval by my boss by going above and beyond what is expected of me”

- “I really want that new Channel purse, after I save my money, I will buy it”

The client’s new trains of thought lead to more effective and rational behavior

- “I can approval by my boss by going above and beyond what is expected of me”

- “I really want that new Channel purse, after I save my money, I will buy it”

ABC MODELABC MODEL

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

Video:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DxUKR1-f_WA

11 Irrational Beliefs 11 Irrational Beliefs

1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved

2. A person must be perfectly complete3. Some people are bad, and should be

punished.4. It is terrible when things are not as a

person wants them to be. 5. Unhappiness caused by outside

circumstances; person has no control over it.

6. Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

1. Essential for a person to be loved or approved

2. A person must be perfectly complete3. Some people are bad, and should be

punished.4. It is terrible when things are not as a

person wants them to be. 5. Unhappiness caused by outside

circumstances; person has no control over it.

6. Dangerous, fearsome things cause for great concern; possibilities must be dwelt on.

Irrational Beliefs cont.

Irrational Beliefs cont.

7. It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them.

8. A person should be dependent on others.9. Past experience and events are the

determinants of present behaviors10.A person should be upset over other

people’s problems and disturbances.11.There is always a right perfect solution

to every problem, and it must be found.

7. It is easier to avoid certain difficulties than to face them.

8. A person should be dependent on others.9. Past experience and events are the

determinants of present behaviors10.A person should be upset over other

people’s problems and disturbances.11.There is always a right perfect solution

to every problem, and it must be found.

ActivityActivity

Aaron BeckAaron Beck

• Cognitive Therapy

• Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive thoughts

• Reorganization of self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

• Cognitive Therapy

• Recognizing & changing negative, maladaptive thoughts

• Reorganization of self-statements will result in a corresponding reorganizing of behavior.

DifficultyUnderstanding

Math Text

Feeling Miserable

I’ll neverget this!

I’m Incompetent

( CoreBelief )

( ActivatingEvent )

( AutomaticThought )

( EmotionalConsequence )

Beck’s

Model of Emotional Disturbances

(Livingston, 2008)

Beck’s Cognitive TriadBeck’s Cognitive Triad

• Depressed people are plagued by a cognitive triad of beliefs:

1.The client sees self as “defective, inadequate, diseased, and deprived”

2.Client interprets experience as negative

3.Client sees the future as continuing in a grim fashion and expect failure

• Depressed people are plagued by a cognitive triad of beliefs:

1.The client sees self as “defective, inadequate, diseased, and deprived”

2.Client interprets experience as negative

3.Client sees the future as continuing in a grim fashion and expect failure

http://slabbed.files.wordpress.com/2008/08/depression-becks-theory3.jpg

Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbance

Beck’s Model of Emotional Disturbance

ActivatingEvent

AutomaticThought

EmotionalConsequence

(Livingston, 2008)

Automatic Thoughts:

Distortions Rational Response

My mind will just wander like yesterday.I can’t remember anything I read.I can’t possibly read 200 pages this week…

Example of: Mood Log

(Livingston, 2008)

Goals of Cognitive Therapy:

Goals of Cognitive Therapy:

Change the way a client thinks by using automatic thoughts and schema restructuring

Cognitive Schemas contain peoples perceptions of themselves and others, their goals and expectations, memories, fantasies, and previous learning.

Therapy Therapy Brief & Structured

Problem Solving

Goals: • Change irrational beliefs into rational

beliefs• for the client to develop a new way of

thinking and substitute it for an old way that has not worked well• Client can become own therapist for future

Brief & Structured

Problem Solving

Goals: • Change irrational beliefs into rational

beliefs• for the client to develop a new way of

thinking and substitute it for an old way that has not worked well• Client can become own therapist for future

Therapeutic Relationship Therapeutic Relationship

Collaborative

Persuasive Teacher

Model Behavior

Collaborative

Persuasive Teacher

Model Behavior

Techniques Techniques

Ellis’s ABC Model

Beck’s Cognitive Triad Collaborative Empiricism Socratic Dialogue

Ellis’s ABC Model

Beck’s Cognitive Triad Collaborative Empiricism Socratic Dialogue

TrainingTraining

- Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY

- Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

- Albert Ellis Institute, New York, NY

- Beck Institute for Cognitive Therapy & Research, Bala Cynwyd, PA

Certifications Offered Certifications Offered by the National Association of by the National Association of

Cognitive-Behavioral Cognitive-Behavioral TherapistsTherapists

Certifications Offered Certifications Offered by the National Association of by the National Association of

Cognitive-Behavioral Cognitive-Behavioral TherapistsTherapists

Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

Diploma in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

Certified Cognitive-Behavioral Therapist

BenefitsBenefits

Brief form of therapy REBT effective for helping people in crisis Affective for individuals, groups, coupled,

or families Discourages dependence on the therapist Has emphasis on outside work

Brief form of therapy REBT effective for helping people in crisis Affective for individuals, groups, coupled,

or families Discourages dependence on the therapist Has emphasis on outside work

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms

Risks/Limitations/Criticisms

Prescriptive Model

Cultural Concerns

Unfinished Business

Brainwashing

Prescriptive Model

Cultural Concerns

Unfinished Business

Brainwashing

Most Common Theories (400 Theories)

(Livingston, 2008)

ReferencesReferences• Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of

counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company.

• Cormier, S., Nurius, P., Osborn, C. (2003). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers (6th ed). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole Company

• Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc.

• Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press.

• Livingston, T. M. (2008). Behavioral therapies & cognitive behavioral therapies. Counseling Theories. St. Cloud: St. Cloud State University.

• Corey, G. (2004). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy: student manual (7th ed). Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks Cole Company.

• Cormier, S., Nurius, P., Osborn, C. (2003). Interviewing and change strategies for helpers (6th ed). Belmont, CA: Brooks Cole Company

• Corsini, R.J., & Wedding, D. (2000). Current psychotherapies (6th ed). Itasca, IL: F.E. Peacock Publisher, Inc.

• Day, S.X. (2008). Theory and design in counseling and psychotherapy (2nd ed.). Boston: Lahaska Press.

• Livingston, T. M. (2008). Behavioral therapies & cognitive behavioral therapies. Counseling Theories. St. Cloud: St. Cloud State University.