SZENT ISTVÁN UNIVERSITY Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences

COENOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF SECTION OF VÁC

DANUBE BANK AND THE LANDSCAPE ECOLOGICAL

CONTEXTS OF IT

Thesis of Ph.D. dissertation

ERZSÉBET KRISZTINA CSEREKLYE-KLAPWIJK

Gödöllő 2010

2

Name of the

Doctoral School: Doctoral School of Environmental Sciences

Science: Environmental Science

Leader: Prof. György Heltai

professor, director of institute, Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences,

SZIU Chemistry and Biochemistry

Supervisor: Dr. Bardóczyné dr. Emőke Székely

associate professor

SZIU Institute of Environmental Management,

Department of Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology

........................................................... ...........................................................

Approval of School Leader Approval of Supervisor

3

CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... 4

1.1. Importance of the topic ....................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Aim of the work ................................................................................................................. 5

2. RESEARCH AND METHODS.................................................................................................. 6

2.1. The location of sampling and research process.................................................................... 6

2.2. Used methods for the verification ....................................................................................... 6

3. RESULTS.................................................................................................................................. 8

3.1. New scientific results.......................................................................................................... 8

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS ................................................................................... 10

5. SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 12

6. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 14

7. PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE PHD WORK .............................................................. 16

4

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1. Importance of the topic

In the Danube Bend – proximity of Budapest – city of Vác has a central position as in geographical-,

economic- and cultural sense. The values of environmental in Vác, significantly affect the air

quality in the city this increase is due to the industrial, commercial and economic life. In addition,

groundwater and above the water surface, and the effect of soil contamination is highly damaging to

the environmental value. Vác city has outstanding natural values. We can find natural curiosities,

which has invaluable natural values. We can find the most representative of them in the southern

border of the city, which is the grove of Vác.

In the dissertation of the Danube Bend narrower section area of the Danube bank of Vác I

examined the following sections; the right bank of the Danube branch of Vác: Kőgeszter-island and

Torda-island areas; the left bank of the Danube branch of Vác: from the Kismaros dead channel, via

Morgó-stream estuary over Kompkötő-island till grove of Vác areas, which was separately studied

also.

I find the ecological corridor with different territorial units of the Danube Bend important. I

will base my research and scientific work on this research territory. The people who are living on

the bank part and areas away from the Danube river basin related and defined for their drinking

water management. Navigation and general transport services, environmental amenities and leisure

culture in and around the Danube River. The topic timeline is not only important in the present

tense, but also continues to be important to the lives of future generations.

There are several publications which affect the Vác section of the Danube area in hydrology

(Horváth 1998, 1999, Dukay 2000), geology (Karcsú 1880-1886), soil science (Karcsú 1880-1886,

Hologon 2006), botany (Szilágyi 1992, Bakó et al. 2002), meteorology (Bíró 2005) and nature

conservation (Gánti 1983, Sápi 1983, Illyés 1997, 2000, 2005, Bíró 2000, Bánhidi 2001). In the

dissertation about the topic I will present summaries and analysis of a wider study of a process-

oriented approach in landscape ecology. Equally important is environmental relationship,

phenomena and processes systematic and the functional interpretation. During the dissertation

preparation was considered that in the landscape ecology geography, natural things (including

featured in the human).

During my research I followed and analysed the topic of domestic and international literature

(Grime et al. 1979, 1988, Forman 1983, 1986, Pickett and Cadenasso 1997, Tillman 1999, With et

5

al. 1997, Zobel 1997, Zobel et al. 1998, Anand and Kadmon 2000, Pfisterer 2002, Tilman et al.

2002), the current researches, which allows an open view about the previous activities and results.

The dissertation contains the field recordings methods and results, and their computer processing

also.

1.2. Aim of the work

In the analysed area I can show the importance of the area with the landscape ecological

characterization research and them detailed evaluation. The research aim was to make about the

researched area detailed assessment, detailed analysing and exploring the development

opportunities.

1. Coenological mapping for the aim of relative indicators values making at the Danube Bend

along the Danube section of Vác. After the received relative indicators, values can be inferred

for the whole associated structure, spatial location, density and hemerobic level.

2. Survey of naturalness value categories in different located territorial parts in the Danube, right

and left bank side which gives structure value of the natural and degradation association

appearance. In the surveyed areas will be compared the degradation value calculation by

Simon’s naturalness value categories (TVK) and by Borhidi’s social behaviour types (TVK).

3. In the area of Danube bank zone (first of all near Vác) after the research results I set up the

relationship between bank vegetation and bank section changes.

4. During the field visits I will analyse what is the type of water and the water covering of the

dead channels and follow their physiognomy I will suggest after the research results which

kind of development opportunities could be indicated in their territories.

5. I will answer what is suitable management, protection, bank line recovery and the status of the

settlement in the grove of Vác, which is located near the Danube band area.

6. Further objectives that explore the scientific result of grove of Vác how could it be exploited

in the design practice and how could it be integrated in the Danube Bend regional

development concept.

6

2. RESEARCH AND METHODS

2.1. The location of sampling and research process

The coenological recording was made in July 2008. I was conducted during the examination work

by conductor of the research for dr. Károly Penksza department leader from SZIU Department of

Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology. The plant species research was in three physiology

groups: A – woodies, B – shrubs (some trees was estimated in this group because of their shrub size

spread), C – herbaceous.

The research was made in six areas. Because of the different ecological conditions one area –

Kompkötő-island – was spited for three parts during the estimate. In these areas were 24 sampling

locations where random sampling method was used for plant estimate. In all sampling location we

recorded the plant species in a 20 x 20 m quadrate. Photo documentation was made and with hand-

held GPS the coordinates was recorded in the appointed areas.

2.2. Used methods for the verification

On one part of data evaluation was after the observance value the naturalness of ecosystem, other

side the occurring species relative value numbers. Evaluation of social behaviour types were made

according to Borhidi (1993), species name follow the nomenclature by Simon (2000):

1. Social behaviour types (SBT or SZMT) and rarity categories

2. Thermo using relative indicator numbers (TB)

3. Relative groundwater and ground humidity indicator numbers (WB)

4. Soil reaction relative value numbers (RB)

5. Nitrogen demand values (NB)

6. Plants light using relative indicator numbers (LB)

7. Climatic effects, intemperate climate tolerance relative value numbers (CB)

8. Salt-tolerate relative numbers (SB)

9. Naturalness value categories (TVK)

10. Degradation value numbers after Simon naturalness value categories (TVK) and Borhidi

social behaviour types (SBT)

7

The 24 sampling locations separately chart representation not gives easily measured and

combined between the territorials that is why I made summary results in four chart lines. With this

classification method possible to summarize the different located areas – within the territorial parts

– the value of the territorial match or difference, duplication or distortion. During the assessment I

also made eight summary charts of the results of the relative values difference and degradation,

after it apparent the summary of the six territorial parts coenological structure. With series grouping

the difference and match is assessed more quickly between the left and right side of the Danube

branch of Vác.

Related to the examined area (according to different ages) I analysed maps and publications

the changes of the positions of the bank section and islands, which I present with more copies of

maps. In the maps there are military records, government works, academic-, mapping company

works and the newest aerial photographies after Google program.

8

3. RESULTS

The figure 1 shows the summary of the degradation assessment. After figure 1 is evidence that

evaluation method degradation results as well by Simon and Borhidi is the highest in the grove of

Vác. Also high – after both evolution methods – near the Morgó-stream estuary the degradation

value. Lower degradation value apparent in Kismaros dead channel, Kőgeszter-island, Kompkötő-

island. The lowest degradation value is under Torda-island. The territory which located at the right

bank of the Danube like Kőgeszter-island and Torda-island presented lower degradation values,

than territorial which are located at the left side like Morgó-stream estuary and grove of Vác.

Compared to the two authors evaluation except two territorial – Kőgeszter-island and Torda-island

– different rates are generated. After examination by Borhidi the Morgó-stream estuary, Kismaros

the dead channel and the grove of Vác values are higher, while by Simon the Kőgeszter-island

value is higher.

Summary of the degradation assessment

00,5

11,5

22,5

33,5

44,5

1.Morgó-streamestuary

2.Kismarosdead channel

3.Kőgeszter-island

4.Kompkötő-island

5.Torda-island

6.grove ofVác

Simon

Borhidi

Figure 1. Summary of the degradation assessment in the examined territorial parts

3.1. New scientific results

1. I determined after my coenological research result of relative indicators values along the

Danube Bend, that in the appointed 6 sample areas, and inside of them the 24 sampling

locations (in some cases, similarity seen) but the vegetation mostly different in association

structure, spatial location, density, hemerobic level.

2. Survey of naturalness value categories shows that in all examined areas can be found species

which are indicative of degradation. Based on my research was lower degradation level in the

analysed plants at the Danube bank right side, than at the left bank side. It is true that the

degradation value calculation by Simon naturalness value categories (TVK) and by Borhidi

9

social behaviour types (TVK) presented more time identity, but after the values summarizing

from all areas (by the two kinds of evaluation) dates results was in 70% different. I established

that during similar coenological comparative research subservient to use together the two

evaluation methods.

3. I drew the conclusion after analysing the maps and publications about the examined area that

the bed and the water volume changing of the Danube bank is actuate to the vegetation

appearance and species composition.

4. I analysed two kind of dead channel types along the Danube Bend during my field visit: 1.

Kismaros dead channel, as a floodplain, which water volume mainly depends of the Danube

water levels, 2. Kogeszter dead channel, as a saved side dead channel. This assessment result

gives initiative dates for recovery program creating of different types of dead channel.

5. I found after the results which I got during the investigation that the grove of Vác bank and the

associated Danube bank management, protection, care ordering status are inefficient, present

use is only partially consistent with the ideal management aspects, and thus can’t evolve the

naturalness condition.

6. On the score of the prepared examinations of grove of Vác bank part the scientific results could

be used by planning works, as well as by regional development conceptions for Danube Bend

and Vác section with more science connections such as hydrology, geology, soil science,

botany, meteorology, nature conservation.

10

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS

The researches show that on the places which are right side of the Danube (Kőgeszter-island and

Torda-island) the analysed associations degradation result values was lower than on the left side.

The most significant difference was in two dates such as Danube right side Torda-sziget and left

side grove of Vác which are located very close to each other. Based on these results I can say that

along rapid rate extinction of indigenous species there are more and more numbers appear of the

adventive plant species and aggressive landscape alien invasion species. Like alien plants for

landscape and flora, the aggressive landscape alien invasion species get into an ecosystem quickly

can be dominant because of their fast proliferation. This effect can be seen in grove of Vác Danube

bank parts where not the natural condition reference species are dominant. The natural weed species

(in the frequent disturbed grove of Vác) with efficient proliferation strategy can be dominant

occurrence also.

The analysed Kismaros dead channel, as floodplain dead channel, has minimal water volume

and properties of it the heavy warp and excessive vegetation proliferation. The dead channel water

volume mainly depends of the Danube water levels and volume changes. The Kőgeszter dead

channel, saved side dead channel with bigger value of water, which during my time analysing had

very bad quality dissolved oxygen and conductivity attributions water content. Because of the area

has not got serious water moving that is why this result could be presented as a constant result. The

Kőgeszter dead channel water circulation partly depends of the Danube water levels and volume

changes, but on the other hand the meteorological factors, which are dominate. In evidence overall

both dead channels in the present aspect of them is discredit the landscape view and present

condition inappropriate for recovery (holidays, swimming, water sports). I propose to competent

government to prepare a development program with contains research program, assessment,

database and monitoring, which is traced development implementation method and for this

conclusive aim could be the modern settlement and development of the area.

I can declare after my scientific research in maps and publications that in the last two

thousand years the main bed of Danube hasn’t changed but this contention is not veridical for the

bank part. Well represented in the different ages of maps and publications the bank part changes.

While in medieval and early 20th century maps show more islands completely separated from bank

part, for example Torda-island, Buki-island, Égető-island, than present relief recording present

some of these islands as only half island or nearly merged island with the bank part. This process

primary created – cause of the Danube shipping – the works for the water bed deeper making,

11

which inflict the higher water depth as well as speed and than the bank part changed. During the

assessment the composition of the species near the bank part (grove of Vác) the degradation shows

more value, than in the analysed islands and dead waters (Kőgeszter-island, Kompkötő-island,

Torda-island). The analysed islands, half islands importance of value and position in the ecosystem

is presents on them territories by the appeared Natura 2000 conservation classification as well. The

islands, half islands additional merged and disappearance is not only for the coenological

combination of appears pieces dangerous but also it has serious part in the protected pieces

occurrence with the ecological corridor function.

The protection of the ecosystem not only conservation serve habitats of the protected and

endangered species (although undoubtedly this is a very important target also) but rather, the

diversity of habitats conservation and through this improves relations between society and nature.

The diversity of habitats in the landscape (both in ecological and visual sense) which enriched and

particularly valuable for the ecosystems, also receive a greater chance for survival if the green

network has sufficient conditioning surface. As a result, properly functioning ecological corridors

can connect the different located territorial parts.

Based on the identified literature and studies research the Danube Bend and inside in the

chosen sample area section of Vác Danube band the natural value protection can be achieved only

with the natural condition maintaining, providing over and above together with the necessary

landscape use changes. Ecologically important target is the ever shrinking and gradually destroyed

natural values particularly the most endangered wetlands ecosystem protection. This is particularly

relevant in areas along the rivers, which are still in an international context significantly preserved

many elements of original landscape of imagine and ecosystem. Reflected well the vegetation and

body of the water the changes around underway, so through monitoring can allow seen in a given

ecosystem the natural condition or disturbance deciding, the natural or detection of anthropogenic

effects changes.

I justified in some part of the topic researches continuing, adding of my represented research

result after the specificity, development opportunity and as well as focusing to the presented

scientific results recoverability (insertion opportunities view) in the design practice, and in the

Danube Bend regional development concept.

12

5. SUMMARY

The aqueous and close to water ecosystems belong to decreased number of fast changing and

endangered ecosystems. These ecosystem areas dimensions drastically reduced because of climate

change and direct human interventions (pollution, water legislation, drainage, irrigation). In the

examined Danube Bend area, the ecosystem operate condition is the sufficient quality and quantity

water presence, as like for all water systems. However, we can say that plants near the Danube bank

often need to live with varying volumes of water quantity, which rate is depend on more factors,

and from these are the most important the weather evolution, as well changes of the forms of bank

and water bed.

The earlier maps and studies show during the last centuries and decades, more islands and half

island connected to the bank of Vác, until now most of them significantly reduced or almost

completely disappeared, because of making the bed deeper for the shipping on the Danube. During

the reconstituted research I experienced, that the influence of bank section changes it’s impact on

the density and composition of plant covering. Along the Danube bank appears vegetation

composition of the most optimum attribution could be: being resistant to flood, to be low the

biological invasive tendency and adapt for the planned reservation intensity. But in my results can

be seen that is not happening in the plants what I examined in that territories parts and almost in all

bank section start to be dominant the species presence indicating degradation. In the highly

disturbed territories parts more significantly change the vegetation combination, density, with

compared those areas, which has natural habitat condition. In the first place is the grove of Vác

Danube bank section from the significant indicating degradation territories, where beside native

species are rapid rate extinction there are appear in greater numbers adventive plant species and

aggressive landscape alien invasion species. This suggests that in grove of Vác bank part is not the

natural species predominant but because the effective dispersion the alien plants for landscape and

flora are get in advance. As a result, grove of Vác mosaic pattern of landscape in time and space

relatively quickly may be realigned, which may be inhibitory effects for the natural succession

process, as well may be this the prevent of the natural ecosystem regeneration.

Danube Bend facade and landscape image depend of the vegetation type and covering of it.

The landscape using method influence the whole vegetation rate, which is prevail across the borders

also. The Danube Bend and inside of it the chosen research area grove of Vác natural values

protection may work only with appropriate naturalness condition maintenance, cover and also

together with necessary landscape using changes may be achieved. The landscape social (public)

13

and natural (ecological) changes factors in space and time may develop as a result of the interaction,

which result could be the protected territories facade changes. Established, if the territorial parts

operators don’t take care of the required changes, in that case naturalness condition of the territory

ecological system will not be realized.

The bank section changes make not only the vegetation shift to direction of degradation, but it

mean the further absorption and disappearance of islands, half islands, dead waters, which has

increased importance in the operation as ecological corridor and provide ecosystem for the

protected species. The example of the two examined dead waters (Kismaros, Kőgeszter) reflect well

that the dead channels recovery options, along the parameters of water balance are significantly

affect the coenological parameters also. Beside the focus position of nature conservation of dead

waters recovery and environment suitable converting could open contingency of some untapped

economic opportunities implementation, such as tourism, foreign tourism and sports. Which

primary working procedures would be research programs, evaluation and preparation of databases.

14

6. REFERENCES

ANAND M., KADMON R. (2000): Community-level analysis of spatiotemporal plant dynamics. EcoScience, 7: 101-110.

BAKÓ B., BERTY L., BREUER L., DUKAY I., HÁZI J., NEUMAYER É., PINTÉR B., SELMECZI K. Á., SZILÁGYI L. (2002): Vezető füzet a Váci Ártéri Tanösvényhez, Vác: Göncöl Alapítvány, 44 p.

BÁNHIDI L. (2001): A XXI. század küszöbén: Vác. Budapest: CEBA Kiadó, 203 p.

BÍRÓ GY. (2000): Vác Város Városfejlesztési- és Környezetvédelmi állapotfelvétel. Vác: Váci Polgármesteri Hivatal, 5-15. p.

BÍRÓ I. (2005): Váci Kistérség környezeti illetve levegőtisztasági állapotának vizsgálata. 2002/000-604-01 sz. nyilvántartott pályázat. Vác: Aragon-Art, 5-40. p.

BORHIDI A. (1993): A magyar flóra szociális magatartásformái. Pécs: A Környezetvédelmi és Területfejlesztési Minisztérium Természetvédelmi Hivatala és a Janus Pannonius Tudományegyetem Kiadványa, 93 p.

DUKAY I. (2000): Kézikönyv a kisvízfolyások komplex vizsgálatához. Vác: Göncöl Alapítvány, 170 p.

FORMAN R. T. T. (1983): Corridors in a landscape: their ecological structure and function. Bratislava: Ekológia, 2: 375-387.

FORMAN R. T. T., GORDON M. (1986): Landscape Ecology. New York: John Wiley

GÁNTI T. (1983): Eltűnő szigetek. Kecskemét: Natura, 215 p.

GRIME J. P., CHICHESTER S., WILEY J. (1979): Plant Strategies and vegetation Processes. New York, Brisbane, Toronto: I.k. 222 p.

GRIME J. P., HYMAN U. (1988): Comparative Plant Ecology. I.k. London, Boston, Sydney, Wellington, 742 p.

Hologon Környezetvédelmi Tanácsadó és Szolgáltató (2006): A Dunakanyar természeti és kulturális örökségére alapozott fenntartható fejlesztési stratégia, Kiegészített változat, Verőce, 67 p.

HORVÁTH B. (1998): A Váci-Ligeti-tó és környezetének ökológiai funkcióinak feltárása, rehabilitációs javaslata. Miskolc: Teampannon, 24 p.

HORVÁTH B. (1999): A Ligeti-tó vízrendszere vízminőségi és ökológiai állapot vizsgálata, Miskolc: Teampannon, 44 p.

15

ILLYÉS ZS. (szerk.) (1997): Vác természeti értékei. Vác: Vác Város Önkormányzata és Tourinform irodája, 24 p.

ILLYÉS ZS. (szerk.) (2000): Vác, a Duna-parti város. Vác: Vác Város Polgármesteri Hivatala, 44p.

ILLYÉS ZS. (szerk.) (2005): Váci Liget természetvédelmi kezelési és rehabilitációs terve. Budapest: Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Tájvédelmi és Tájrehabilitációs Tanszék, 56 p.

KARCSÚ A. A. (1880-1886): Vácz Város Története. I-IX. kötet, Vácz: Mayer Sándor Könyvnyomdája, I. 71 p., II. 177 p., III. 72 p., IV. 113 p., V. 242 p., VI. 170 p., VII. 159 p., VIII. 278 p., IX. 472 p.

PICKETT S. T. A., CADENASSO M. L. (1995): Landscape ecology: spatial heterogeneity in ecological systems. Science, 269: 331-334.

PFISTERER A. B., SCHMID B. (2002): Diversity-dependent production can decrease the stability of ecosystem functioning. Nature, 416: 84-86.

SIMON T. (1988): A hazai edényes flóra természetvédelmi értékének becslése. Abstracta Botanica, 12: 1-23.

SIMON T. (2000): A magyarországi edényes flóra határozója. Budapest: Nemzeti Tankönyvkiadó, 976 p.

SÁPI V. (1983): Vác története I-II. kötet. Szentendre: Pest Megyei Múzeum Igazgatósága, 641 p.

SZILÁGYI L. (1992): Ökológiai állapotfelvétel a váci Gombás-patakról és annak torkolati árteréről. Vác: Göncöl Alapítvány, 15 p.

TILMAN D. (1999): The ecological consequences of changes in biodiversity: a search for general principals. Ecology, 80: 1455-1474.

TILMAN D., KNOPS J., WEDIN D., REICH P. (2002): Experimental and observation studies of diversity, productivity and stability. In: Kinzig A., Pacala S., Tilman D. (eds.) Functional consequences of biodiversity. Experimental progress and theoretical extension. New Jersey: Princeton Univ. Press, 42-70. p.

WITH K. A., GARDNER R. H., TURNER M. G. (1997): Landscape connectivity and population distributions in heterogeneous environmental. Oikos, 78: 151-169.

ZOBEL M. (1997): The relative role of species pools in determining plant species richness: an alternative explanation of species coexistence. TREE, 12: 266-269.

ZOBEL M., VAN DER MAAREL E., DUPRÉ C. (1998): The species pool: the concept, its determination and significance for community restoration. Applied Vegetation Science, 1: 55-66.

16

7. PUBLICATIONS RELATED TO THE PHD WORK

Scientific reviews

Scientific articles published in Hungarian

Csereklye E. K. (2006): A Váci-Liget vízrendszerének ökológiai problémái és rehabilitációs

lehetőségei [Ecological problems of the water system of Groove of Vác and the possibilities of

rehabilitation] Tájökológiai Lapok 4(2), Gödöllő, 241-247. p. ISSN 1589-4673

Csereklye E. K. (2010): A Dunakanyar tájvédelmi kérdései szennyezési források figyelembe

vételével. [Questions of landscape protection of the Danube-Bend attend to the pollution sources]

Természetvédelmi Közlemények, Budapest, ISSN 1216-4585 (in press)

Scientific articles published in foreign language

Csereklye E. K. (2008): Permanent and periodical watercourse of stream flows in the Danube Bend

region. Acta Pericemonologica rerum ambientum Debrecina, Tomus 3. University of Debrecen,

Debrecen, 188-194. p. ISSN 1588-2284

Csereklye E. K. (2009): Alterations of landscape constituent and usage with respect of

environment influences. Tájökológiai Lapok 7(1), Gödöllő, 91-102. p. ISSN 1589-4673

Csereklye E. K. (2010): Hydrological changes in stream watercourse along the Danube-bend. Acta

Scientiarum Transylvanica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, ISSN 1842-5070 (in press)

Csereklye E. K. (2010): Monitoring of landscape combinations and concourses in the Hungarian

Danube-bend. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, Vilnius,

Lithuania, ISSN 1392-3730 print / ISSN 1822-3605 (in press)

Conference reviews

Conference full paper in Hungarian

Csereklye E. K. (2007): Természeti értékek feltárása és rehabilitációs lehetőségeinek bemutatása

Vác város példáján. [Revelation of the natural values and presentation of the possibilities of

rehabilitation regarding to the city of Vác] III. Carpathian Basin Environmental Scientific

Conference, Cluj-Napoca, Romania 29-30. March 2007. 264-268. p. ISSN 1842-9815

17

Loksa G., Bardóczyné Székely E., Csereklye E. K., Komárominé Kucsák M. (2007): Váci-liget

mint mozaikos élőhely és ezzel kapcsolatos kérdései [The Groove of Vác as a mosaic ecosystem

and questions about this fact] V. Carpathian Basin Biological Symposium, „Kitaibel, the naturalist”

Budapest, 20-22. September 2007. 355-361. p. ISBN-13: 978-963-87343-1-0

Csereklye E. K., Komárominé, Kucsák M., Loksa, G., Penksza, K., Bardóczyné, Székely E.

(2008): Tájökológiai folyósokat kísérő átmeneti zónák (ökotonok) vizsgálata. [Assay of the

collateral impermanent zones (ecotones) of landscape ecological corridors] Budapest Corvinus

University, Faculty of Landscape Architecture Department of Landscape Preservation and

Reclamation, 229-237. p. ISBN 978-963-503-387-4

Csereklye E. K. (2008): A Váci-liget vizsgálati eredményeinek értékelése tájökológia és

területhasználati módok alapján. [Estimation of Grove of Vác analysing results after landscape

ecology and land using monitoring] Tavaszi Szél Konferencia [Spring Wind Conference] Károli

Gáspár Calvinist University, Budapest, 23-25. May 2008. 12-18. p. ISBN 978-963-87569-2-3

Csereklye E. K., Bardóczyné Székely E., Penksza K., Loksa G. (2008): A Váci-liget

vízrendszerének szabályozási kérdései a vizes élőhely védelem tükrében. [Water-system regulation

questions with water-ecosystem protection of Grove of Vác] XXVI. Hungarian Hydrological

Conference, Miskolc, 2-4. July 2008. CD-ROM issue, ISBN 978-963-8172-21-1

Csereklye E. K. (2009): A Duna partmenti sávjának és víztestének élőhelykutatása. [Research of

the territory of of the Danube bank zone and water body] XXVII. Hungarian Hydrological

Conference, Baja, 1-3. July 2009. CD-ROM issue, ISBN 978-963-8172-23-5

Abstract in Hungarian

Csereklye E. K., Komárominé Kucsák M., Loksa G., Penksza K., Bardóczyné Székely E. (2008):

Tájökológiai folyósokat kísérő átmeneti zónák (ökotonok) vizsgálata. [Assay of the collateral

impermanent zones (ecotones) of landscape ecological corridors] III. Landscape Ecology

Conference, Budapest Corvinus University, Faculty of Landscape Architecture Department of

Landscape Preservation and Reclamation, 8-10. May 2008. 70. p. ISBN 978-963-503374-4

Csereklye E. K. (2008): A Gombás-patak partmenti területének hidrológiai vizsgálata.

[Hydrological monitoring of the bank territory of the Gombás stream] V. Hungarian Biological

Environmental Protection Conference, Nyíregyháza, 6-9. november 2008. 113. p. ISBN 978-963-

9909-08-3

18

Csereklye E. K. (2008): A Dunakanyar tájvédelmi kérdései szennyezési források figyelembe

vételével. [Questions of landscape protection of the Danube Bend attend to the pollution sources] V.

Hungarian Biological Environmental Protection Conference, Nyíregyháza, 6-9. november 2008.

114. p. ISBN 978-963-9909-08-3

Conference full paper in foreign language

Csereklye E. K. (2007): Regional importance of the natural value of the urban environment

illustrating by the example of Vác in the Central Hungarian Region. „Regions around to Carpathian

Basin.” International Scientific Conference, Baja, 23. March 2007. 57-61. p. ISBN 978-963-7290-

52-7

Csereklye E. K. (2007): Importance of the natural values in the Danube Bend illustrating by the

example of Vác. VIII. International Ph.D. Students Conference. University of South Bohemia,

Faculty of Agriculture, České Budĕjovice, Czech Republic 17. April 2007. CD-ROM issue, ISBN

978-80-7040-972-5

Komárominé Kucsák M., Loksa G., Csereklye E. K., Bardóczyné Székely E., Kállai Sz. (2008):

Use of zeolite to improve soil amelioration and takes effects on microclimate. VII. Alps-Adria

Scientific Workshop. Stara Lesna, Slovakia, 28. April - 1. May 2008. Cereal Research

Communications, 1783-1786. p. ISSN 0133-3720 (Print) 1788-9170 http://www.akademiai.com/

content /0133-3720 (Online) (IF 0,3-1,5)

Csereklye E. K., Komárominé Kucsák M., Loksa G., Bardóczyné Székely E. (2008): Landscape

using management of grove of Vác. International Scientific Symposium, „Management of durable

rural development” Faculty of Farm Management, Timisoara, Romania, 15-16. May 2008. 703-710.

p. ISSN 1453-1410

Csereklye E. K. (2008): Models of landscape using on the Hungarian Danube Bend. III.

International Scientific Conference of PhD. students. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra,

Slovakia, 28. november 2008. 186-189. p. ISBN 978-80-552-0138-2

Csereklye E. K. (2008): The effects of vegetation influence on stream hydrological characteristics.

III. International Scientific Conference of PhD students. Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra,

Slovakia, 28. november 2008. 190-193. p. ISBN 978-80-552-0138-2

19

Abstract in foreign language

Csereklye E. K. (2007): Revelation of the natural values and presentation of the possibilities of

rehabilitation regarding to the city of Vác. / Valori naturale şi prezentarea posibitătilor de

reabilitare, a acestora ǐn oraşul Vác. III. Carpathian Basin Environmental Scientific Conference,

Cluj-Napoca, Romania 29-30. March 2007. 408., 380. p. ISSN 1842-9815

Csereklye E. K., Martin Hais (2007): Šumava National Park mission, regulations and main

problems. XIII. International Environmental Protecting and Country Developmental Students Conf.

Szolnok College, Technical and Agricultural Faculty, Mezőtúr, 4-6. July 2007. 29., 69. p. ISBN

978-963-06-3726-8

Csereklye E. K. (2008): Methods of landscape using in the Danube Bend illustrating by the

example of Vác. XVI. International Environmental Protecting and Country Developmental Students

Conference. Szolnok College, Technical and Agricultural Faculty, Mezőtúr, 2-4. July 2008. 45. p.

ISBN 978-963-06-87874-0-8

Csereklye E. K. (2008): Floods and water sharing in the Hungarian Danube River Basin. XVI.

International Environmental Protecting and Country Developmental Students Conference. Szolnok

College, Technical and Agricultural Faculty, Mezőtúr, 2-4. July 2008. 81. p. ISBN 978-963-06-

87874-0-8