COE: Who we are We are a US Center for Excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in disaster management and humanitarian assistance operations:

COE: Who we are

We are a US Center for Excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in disaster management and humanitarian assistance operations:

Department of Defense organization

Direct Reporting Unit to U.S. Pacific Command and geographic Combatant Commands

Established in 1994

Government Funded:

· Ability to accept interdepartmental and international contributions

· Partner with inter-agencies and DoD components

· Partner with foundations, institutes, universities, and corporations

Establishing field offices at each U.S. Regional Combatant Command

Staff: ~ 42 staff, augmented with consultants2

COE Mission

Educate, train, conduct research and assist in international disaster preparedness, disaster mitigation, disaster management, disaster response, health security, humanitarian assistance and societal resiliency.

COE Vision

A community of nations prepared to respond, collaborate, and manage natural and man-made disasters.

Nations with disaster management plans, prepared to respond to plausible contingencies, and willing to participate in a regional collaborative framework.

3

U.S Military Responses to Situations, 1990-2002U.S Military Responses to Situations, 1990-2002

Evac’sEvac’s Peace/ReliefPeace/Relief Contingency PositioningContingency Positioning Show of ForceShow of Force CombatCombat

Threats and ChallengesCOE’s Perspective

•Poverty•Ethnic Tensions•Natural Disasters•Terrorism•Conflict•Disfunctional Societies

•Poverty•Ethnic Tensions•Natural Disasters•Terrorism•Conflict•Disfunctional Societies

Natural DisasterNatural Disaster

Historical DM/HA

China, Sichuan Province, May 2008, 68,000 dead Honshu Japan

Earthquake, July 2008

Central Java Earthquake 2006, 6,000 dead

Earthquake Feb 2008, Simeulue, Indonesia

2005, Sumatra, Indonesia

Indian Ocean, TsunamiDec 2004

230,000 dead

2001: Cyclone Worst Flooding in 50 years2004: Cyclone Wholetowns destroyed

Samoa

2007: Cyclone affected 145.0002002: Earthquake

Papua New Guinea

Burma, Cyclone NargisMay 2008, 121,000 dead

Bangladesh, Cyclone SidrNovember 2007

3,000 dead

2002: Cycloneaffected 2,000

Micronesia

5

PhilippinesJune 2008: Typhoon

Fengshen,2004, 2006 Mudslides Luzon

2004 Flood Luzon

Earthquake

Tsunami

Volcano

Cyclone

Other Natural Disaster

“Rin

g of

Fire

”

“Ring of Fire”

Oct. 2005: Earthquake73,000 dead (Pakistan)1,400 dead (India)

India/Pakistan

Indonesian Volcano Soputan, Nov 2007

Solomon Islands 2007Tsunami, affected 9,000

Forecast for DM/HA

Natural Disaster • Flooding – annual occurrence (2 Major events annually)• Earthquake – 2 major events every 5 years

MED, PI, HIV/AIDS

• Increasing AIDS cases - PNG, IN, ID, PRC

Cyclonic Storms – annual occurrence(10 major events annually)

6

COE Disaster Risk Assessment & Research

7

Disaster PreparednessDisaster Preparedness

Risk AssessmentRisk Assessment

Assist inAssist inDisaster ForecastingDisaster Forecasting

1

NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CAPACITY

Yap

Operational Capacity

Developing Capacity

Limited Capacity

Criteria•Coherent plans for Disaster Management•Rehearsal and exercises for plans•Capable of Information management•Capable of effective Interagency collaboration

Russia

Fiji

8

• How Prepared Do We Need to Be – (Not if – but when)

Scenarios – Most likely, moderateMeasures Capacity & Capability Test Preparedness Promotes Understanding: when an event will exceed

capabilities

• How prepared are we

To Coordinate – To Communicate – To C2 Roles – Responsibilities

Within – Between Levels of Government Public – Private - Community Response –

Recovery and Revitalization

HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations

9

• How prepared are we (Cont)

Coordinate With External Support: UN – NGO – International

Communicate: Focus (Now-Where are we?)Requirements (Next-Where are we going?)Template of Response & Recovery efforts Method to guide Recovery Redevelopment

sequencingResults: Protracted Recovery - Limited Revitalization

• Not just what you do but how you do it

HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations

Strong and stable families

Socially responsible, sporting Individuals

Inspired & committed youth

Disaster MitigationDisaster Mitigation Humanitarian Assistance & Resiliency

Humanitarian Assistance & Resiliency

Functional Concepts

Strategic Outcomes

Supporting Concept

Foster Resilient Societies

Disaster Management

Disaster Management

Response, Recovery & Transition

Response, Recovery & Transition

Human dignity upheld

RevitalizationRevitalization

10

MethodDesignFrameBuild

Safe and durable society

Enabling Functions:

• Interagency Coordination

• Civil-Military Coordination

National HA/DR Design

Show up early or don’t bother coming

Need

for

Assis

tan

ce

Emergency Relief Phase

Transition

Point

Recovery / Development

Disaster

International Civilian Relief

International Military and

Civil Defence Relief

Local / National Response

UN

OC

HA

, Mod

ified

Social Resiliency: Characteristics of Success

RevitalizationRevitalizationResistanceResistance RecoveryRecovery

PredictPredict

AnticipateAnticipate

AbsorbAbsorb

RespondRespond

ImproviseImprovise

InnovateInnovate

RecoverRecover

Level of functioning

Time

threshold

resistance

Goal


Time


Time

“Revive, not just Restore.”

Sources: “Disasters and Communities: understanding social resilience”, Australian Journal of Emergency Management; ICLEI Local Governments for Sustainability, http://www.iclei.org

Goal Goal

Disaster thresholdDisaster threshold

Front End Assessment

13

Emergency

Response

Emergency

Response

HAZARDEVENT

HAZARDEVENT

RecoveryRecovery RevitalizationRevitalization

Gap Analysis =Gap Analysis =

PrivateSector Capacity

On-HadStores and

supply stores

NGO’s

CommunitySystems

Functioning

EmergencyResponseCapacity

CriticalServices

IncidentManagement

Capacity

CommunityGrids

Displacedand Homeless

InfrastructureCapacity

ExternalSupplies and

ServicesRequired

ExternalDistribution

CapacityRequired

Response Capability and Capacity

Response Capability and Capacity

TimeTime

Understand the Characteristics and Hierarchy of Societal Development

14

ResistResist

Nurturing ServicesNurturing Services

DisruptionDisruption

SubsistenceSubsistence

ProtectionProtection

CommunityCommunity

LearningLearning

CreativityCreativity

RespondRespond

Critical ServicesCritical Services

RecoverRecover

Essential ServicesEssential Services

RevitalizeRevitalize

Promoting ServicesPromoting Services

IdentityIdentity

LibertyLiberty

Shelter Water Food Clothing

Affected State

Nat’l Red Cross/

Red Crescent

UN County Team

NGOs

Nat’l NGOs

Affected State

Agencies

Disaster Strikes

Donor

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

Donor

Donor

Donor

Military

Forces

“Fog of Relief”

NGO

NGO

NGO

Know the HA/DR framework

Disaster Response: Coordination Mechanisms

GovernmentCoordination Mechanism

GovernmentCoordination Mechanism

ClustersCoordination

ClustersCoordination

International/Regional

International/Regional

Messages &

Outcomes

Messages &

Outcomes

Int’l / Regional

Coordination Mechanism

Int’l / Regional

Coordination Mechanism

Early Recovery

Early Recovery Emergency

ShelterEmergency

Shelter

HealthHealth

Emergency Telecommu

nications

Emergency Telecommu

nications

LogisticsLogisticsNutritionNutrition

ProtectionProtection

Camp Coordination & Management

Camp Coordination & Management

Know the framework.

Affected StateNat’l Red Cross/

Red Crescent

UN County Team

NGOs

Nat’l NGOs

Affected StateAgencies

Disaster Strikes

Donor

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

NGO

Donor

Donor

Donor

“Fog of Relief”

NGO

NGO

NGO

Private/Public

Water, Sanitation

and Hygiene

Water, Sanitation

and Hygiene

Do No HarmDo No Harm

Community/Village

State/Province

UN/NGOs

Roles & Responsibilities

GovernmentResponse

GovernmentResponse

Coordination & Integration: Preparedness and Support

1

Regional

State/Province

County/District

First Responders

Community

Family

OC

EOC

OC

EOCEOCEOC

OC

OCOC

EOC

OCOC

OC

EOC

OCOCOC OC

OCOCOCOCOC

National/Federal

Regional Organizations

International Organizations

Regional Assistance

International Assistance

Requests for assistance

Assistance Provided

• Subject Matter Experts

• Resources• Equipment• Facilities• Training• Communications

Funding

OC

International Military/Bilateral

International Military/Bilateral

Overarching International HA/DR Principles

“Affected State” is a sovereign nation responsible for:

– Care of all persons within its territory

– Coordination, implementation & monitoring all DR

assistance

– Request of international disaster relief

Know the HA/DR Framework

Coordination Guidelines & Mechanisms: International:

Oslo Guidelines New Humanitarian Architecture (Cluster Approach)

Regional: APC MADRO ARF Strategic Guidance for HA/DR ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency

Response (AADMER) MNF-SOP (Multi-National Forces)

National: Int’l Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) - Int’l Federation of the Red

Cross (IFRC) Regional Actors involved in Initiatives (Asia-Pacific):

ASEAN SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) PIF (Pacific Islands Forum) / SOPAC (Pacific Islands Applied

Geoscience Commission)

Assisting States/Orgs to coordinate DRO w/ Affected State

Assisting States and their personnel shall abide by the domestic laws

• Assisting States self-fund their disaster relief assistance

• Assisting States provide disaster relief without seeking:

- To further a political or religious standpoint

- To Intervene in the internal affairs

- Gain a commercial advantage

- Gather sensitive political, economic, or military information


The Principle of Do No Harm:

Not all aid is good aid:

Improperly delivered aid can divide communities and fuel

conflicts

Improperly delivered aid can force displacement of populations

Improperly monitored aid can build cultures of dependency

Humanitarian aid

Provides for basic human needs

Lays the foundation for recovery and development


Humanitarian relief is provide using these Humanitarian Principles:

Humanity - Human suffering is addressed where it is found

Neutrality - Assistance is provided without taking sides

Impartiality - Assistance is provided on the basis of need


Affected Populations (Community-level)RefugeesRefugees Internally Displaced Internally Displaced

Persons - IDPsPersons - IDPs

““any personany person who…” who…” ““persons persons … who…”… who…”

Fled homes because of Fled homes because of persecution persecution because of because of race, religion, race, religion, nationality, political nationality, political opinion, membership is a opinion, membership is a social group…social group…

Fled homes because of Fled homes because of armed conflict, violence, armed conflict, violence, violations of human violations of human rights, or natural or rights, or natural or human-made disasters…human-made disasters…

Are Are outsideoutside of their home of their home country…country…

Are Are insideinside their home their home country…country…

Protected by the Protected by the international communityinternational community

Protected by their own Protected by their own governmentgovernment

Right against Right against refoulementrefoulement At least same rights as At least same rights as other citizens…other citizens…

Voluntary return, Voluntary return, integration, resettlement to integration, resettlement to a 3a 3rdrd country. country.

Voluntary return, Voluntary return, integration, relocation integration, relocation within their country.within their country.

Linking in International HA/DR Response

CrisisAssessment

CrisisAssessment

Affected Region• Infrastructure• Population• Stability - Political - Economic - Social - Security

Affected Region• Infrastructure• Population• Stability - Political - Economic - Social - Security

Disaster RegionDisaster Region

National ResponseNational

Response

National Enduring Interests

National Enduring Interests

NationalStrategyNationalStrategy

MessagesMessagesCapabilityCapacityCapabilityCapacity ActivitiesActivities

Long Term Development Effort

Gap Analysis

Identify

OutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomesOutcomes

What Happened?

Policy LimitationsHow Resilient Are They?

23

RecoveryRecovery

Resilient Nation Framework

MitigationMitigation ResponseResponse Revitalization

Revitalization

Rule of LawRule of Law

ParticipationParticipation

Financial SectorFinancial Sector

Trade &Investment

Trade &Investment

TransportationTransportation

EnergyEnergy EducationEducation

HealthHealth MilitaryMilitary

PolicePolice

PreparationPreparation

Phases

EconomyEconomy Social Structure/Systems

Social Structure/Systems Security/DefenseSecurity/DefenseGovernanceGovernance InfrastructureInfrastructure

Strategic Outcomes

Effective and Responsible Governance

Effective and Responsible Governance

Sustainable & Broad-based

Growth

Sustainable & Broad-based

Growth

Effective Support of Social Capacity

Effective Support of Social Capacity

Strengthened Vibrant SocietyStrengthened

Vibrant SocietyRobust Defense & Law EnforcementRobust Defense & Law Enforcement

RecoveryRecovery

Resilient Community Framework

MitigationMitigation ResponseResponse Revitalization

Revitalization

HumanitarianAssistance

HumanitarianAssistance

Public HealthPublic Health

EducationEducation

Communication& Information

Communication& Information

EconomyEconomy

SustainableDevelopmentSustainable

Development Social ParitySocial Parity

Cultures, attitudes& motivations

Cultures, attitudes& motivations

LeadershipLeadership

SecuritySecurity

PreparationPreparation

Phases

Develop Intellectual Capital

Develop Intellectual Capital

Create Social Cohesion

Create Social Cohesion

Foster Good GovernanceFoster Good Governance

Enhance Societal Capacity

Enhance Societal Capacity

Enhance Resource Independence

Enhance Resource Independence

Strategic Outcomes



Socially responsible,

sporting individuals

Socially responsible,

sporting individuals





Inspired and committed youth

Inspired and committed youth

Village COP

Animalhusbandry

Terracingof crops

Bridge tocapital city

Local placeof worship

Earthendam

Water storagetanks

Communityhall

Policestation

Enclosedlatrines

Health clinic School

Community bank

Bridge toother markets

Research/ Demonstration

nursery

Seed bank

Fish farm

Granary

Reforestation

Borehole well

Marketplace

Early warningsirens

Early warning tower

Women’sco-op center

Cellulartower

Resilient Village Concepts

Societal Capacity(Public health, infrastructure, disaster preparedness, response)

Intellectual Capital(Education, communication, information, research, innovation)

Resource Independence(Economy, resource management, sustainable livelihoods)

Social Cohesion(Gender parity, social protection, community involvement)

Good Governance(Leadership, integration, policy & planning)

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment

Assessment

Recycling center

Planning Coordination

27

What is requiredfor landing

rights?

When should we respond?0

What fees are Involved?

What are the fuelarrangements and needs?

What are the customs

requirements?

What are the considerations

regarding weapons?

With whomare

we working?

When should we

transition?

Status of ForcesAgreement?

Contracting?

Int’l Military Activity

Int’l Military Activity

Host Nation

Activity

International

Military

Activity

Host Nation Response &

Recovery Effort

Host Nation Response &

Recovery Effort

Host Nation

Activity

Disaster Response Framework

EffectEffect

EffectEffect

EffectEffect

EffectEffect

EffectEffect

EffectEffect



Host Nation

Activity

International

Military

Activity

International

Military

Activity

Year 1 Year 10 or longer

Response RevitalizationRecover

Civilian Humanitarian Responders - NGOs

Not an agencies of a government or UN;

Private humanitarian organizations established by individual charters;

Diverse in size, organization, motive, resources, function and mission;

Funded by grants or private donations;

National or international;

Essential to humanitarian operations:

Implementing partners for UN and donor government projects

First responders to arrive, last to leave

Primary “on-the-ground” humanitarian actors

Civilian agencies’ view on military HA/DR assistance

Varies greatly amongst agencies:

Positive views:

Militaries bring needed logistics & material in the emergency phase.

Militaries bring in needed manpower in the emergency phase.

Militaries fill HA/DR gaps during the emergency phase.

Militaries help provide security.

Militaries help coordinate response activities.

Negative views & concerns:

Concern over politicization / militarization of aid;

Militaries lack expertise in HADR operations.

Lack of proper transition / military HADR operations not sustainable.

Military HA/DR operations blur the lines of distinction, lessening staff / beneficiary security.

Militaries take over operations, ordering aid agencies.

30

Societal Structure

31

Families

Community

First Responders

County/District

State/Provincial

Regional

National/Federal

Families

Community

First Responders

County/District

State/Provincial

Regional

Coordination & Integration: Preparedness and Support

32

OC

OC

EOCEOC

OCOC OCOC

EOCEOC

CW CWCWCWCW CW

National/Federal

Regional Organizations

International Organizations

Regional Assistance

International Assistance

RequestAssistance

Provide Assistance

•Subject Matter Experts•Resources•Equipment•Facilities•Training•Communications

Funding

CCCCCCCCCC CC

Family

Community

First Responders

County/District

State/Provincial

Regional

Preparedness: Seams, gaps & capacities

33

National/Federal

Gaps

Gaps

Gaps

Seams

Seams

F FF F F

SESW

NW NE

IA ME ND

CA CO CT DE FL GA ID IL IN MD MA OH

OK

AL AZ ARKS KY LA NM NY NC NJ

MI MN MS MO MT NE NV NH OR PA RI SC

SD TN TX UT VT VA WAWV WIWY

D

D

DC

D

C

D

D

C

C C

DC

CC

C

F

FF

F

FFFF F F

FF F

F FF

F

FFF

F F

F

F F

Sheriff St. Police

Hwy Patrol

City FireState Fire

Co. Fire

City Fire

State Fire Co. FireSheriff

St. Police

Hwy PatrolHwy Patrol

Sheriff

St. Police

Paramedics

City Fire

State Fire

Co. Fire ParamedicsParamedics

churches

energyschools

hospitals

storesbusiness

restaurants

doctors

supplies

churchesenergy

schools hospitalsstores

business

restaurants

doctors

supplies

churchesenergy schools

hospitals

storesbusiness

restaurants

doctorssupplies

Seams

Discussion

34

Documents

COE: Who we are We are a US Center for Excellence directed to educate, train, research and assist in disaster management and humanitarian assistance operations: