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Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 1
1 1www.conexpoconagg.com
“Crack” the Code On Your Concrete Delivery Ticket
• Description: Every load of concrete comes with a delivery ticket that is full of useful information, if you know how to crack the secret code! Critical information includes identifying the right mix, batch and cumulative volume, help on checking yield, admixtures, and the amount of water that can be added within specs. The ticket also tells the batch time, which is important for predicting slump loss and setting time.
2 2www.conexpoconagg.com
• Delivery ticket full of useful information– Have to crack the secret code!
• Identify right mix• Batch and cumulative volume• Help on checking yield• Admixtures• Amount of water that can be added• Batch time to Predict slump loss and setting
“Crack” the Code On Your Concrete Delivery Ticket
3 3www.conexpoconagg.com
• Cost information
• Additional charges
• Responsibilities / Disclaimers
“Crack” the Code On Your Concrete Delivery Ticket
4 4www.conexpoconagg.com
• Take advantage of the information the concrete producer gives you to:– 1. Make sure you got what you ordered.
– 2. Keep track of concrete volume and yield.
– 3. Predict setting time for your finishers.
“Crack” the Code On Your Concrete Delivery Ticket
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 2
28 28www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-Agg ConcreteMade Fresh Daily
29 29www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-Agg ConcreteMade Fresh Daily
30 30www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
31 31www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 3
32 32www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
33 33www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
34 34www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
35 35www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
36 36www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Vol. This Load Total Batchedthis order 37 37www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Cost per CY
Cost Accounting
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 4
38 38www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Cost per 2 CY Load
Cost Accounting
39 39www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Extra costs for this load
Cost Accounting
40 40www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Extra costs for this load
Cost Accounting
41 41www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Extra costs for this load
Cost Accounting
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONDITIONS
Customer will be allowed Five Minutes Per Cubic Yard Free Unload Time. Delay Caused by Customer Over This Time Will Be Charge For At The Rate of $75.00 per hour.
Extra charge is made for deliveries of less than 4 cubic yard loads.
IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONDITIONS
The cement used in this concrete is guaranteed to conform to the present specifications of the American Society for Testing Materials and the United States Government.
Since we have no control over the use of the concrete we therefore cannot guarantee or assume responsibility for the finish work for which it is used.
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 5
45 45www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Extra costs for this load
Cost Accounting
Hot Water
Small Load
46 46www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Cost Accounting
47 47www.conexpoconagg.com
• Arrived Job 2:50 (10 min early)• Finished Pour 4:00• Total time 70 min.• Allowed time per CY 5 min• Number of CY 2• Total free discharge time 10 min• Overtime by ticket 60 min• Overtime by driver 45 min• OT actually charged: 45 min• OT Cost at $81.00/hr $60.75
49 49www.conexpoconagg.com
Your Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Cost Accounting
Overtime Charges:45 min. @ $81.00/hr = $60.75
Concrete Cost $199.00Extra Charges $138.75Total Charges $337.75
50 50www.conexpoconagg.com
SO who agreed to these terms and conditions?
Who evidently not only agreed to the terms and conditions, but also inspected, approved, and received the concrete! One busy and powerful person!
51 51www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
What other exciting stuff is on the top half of the ticket?
10 min haul time
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 6
52 52www.conexpoconagg.com
Now for the Bottom Half of the Ticket
53 53www.conexpoconagg.com
Concrete Composition Air Entrained Concrete
Example Mix
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse #1 720
Coarse #2 1065
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46
55www.conexpoconagg.com
~1 inch
~½ inch
56 56www.conexpoconagg.com
• Type II Cement only, no Ash or Slag
• Water Reducer• Air Entraining Admixture• No Fibers
57 57www.conexpoconagg.com
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 7
Concrete Composition Air Entrained Concrete
Example Mix
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse 1785
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46Weight
Proportions
15%7%
78%
58www.conexpoconagg.com
Who Cares aboutBatch Weights?
62 62www.conexpoconagg.com
Who Cares aboutBatch Volumes?
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 8
68 68www.conexpoconagg.com 69 69www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 9
70 70www.conexpoconagg.com
Yield Batched by Weight
Ordered, Discharged, Invoiced, and Complained-
aboutBy Volume
But the owner will not load it with 11 CY by Volume
Owner will calculate weight of material that should produce a volume of 11 CY
1. Approved batch weights.2. Cement, flyash, slag, silica
fume density.3. Aggregate densities
(specific gravities).4. Aggregate moisture content.5. Water already in mixer.6. Added water7. Air content
1% concrete vol. per ton of aggregate/CYper 1% moisture
1% air volume = 1% concrete volume= 1 CY per 100 CY per percent air content.
“Yield” = Measured Vol. as-deliveredPredicted Vol. as-batched
This concrete is batched by weight, but sold by volume. You can be assured of proper weight even though some settling of contents (loss of air) normally occurs during shipment and handling, and the water content and materials densities might be a bit different than we figured on. Concrete performance depends on
relative volumes of constituents
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 10
80 80www.conexpoconagg.com 81 81www.conexpoconagg.com
WaterCement
AirSand
Coarse
82www.conexpoconagg.com 84www.conexpoconagg.com
85www.conexpoconagg.com
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse #1 720
Coarse #2 1065
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46
Concrete Composition Air Entrained Concrete
Example Mix
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse 1785
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46Weight
Proportions
15%7%
78%
86www.conexpoconagg.com
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 11
Concrete Composition Air Entrained Concrete
Example Mix
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse 1785
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46Volume
Proportions87www.conexpoconagg.com
11%
15%
78%
6%
Volume Proportions
11%
15%
78%
6%
Cement 11%
Water 15%
Aggregate 78%
Air 6%
Hydration
Fundamental Steps to Quality
• Low Water-Cement Ratio
• Wet Curing
• Temperature Control
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 12
Weight of WaterWeight of Cement
Type IType IType I
Weight of WaterWeight of Cement + SCM
Type IType IASH
The higher the w/c or w/cm, the more dilute the adhesive!
w/cm =
ASH
Weight of WaterWeight of Cement
Type IType IType I
Impact on Strength and Durabilityand ACI Code Requirements
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80Water Cement Ratio
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
28-D
ay C
ompr
essi
ve S
tren
gth
Approximate 28-Day Compressive Strengthas a function of Water/Cement Ratio.Adapted from ACI 211.1-91, Table 6.3.4(a)
Non Air-Entrained Concrete (about 2% air)
Air-entrained concrete (about 6% air)
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80Water Cement Ratio
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Coe
ffici
ent o
f Per
mea
bilit
y, K
q x
10,0
00
Permeability as a function of Water/Cement Ratio.Data from Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual,8th Edition, 1975, Figure 17, page 37. 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80
Water / Cementitious Materials Ratio
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Ave
rag
e 2
8-d
ay
Co
mp
ress
ive
Str
en
gth
(p
si)
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Co
effi
cie
nt o
f Pe
rmea
bili
ty E
-14
m/s
ec
Per
mea
bilit
y
Strength-non air entrained
Strength - air entrained
Mo
ist
Fre
ezin
g
Co
rro
sio
n P
rote
ctio
n
0.45
Minimum specified strength
318strperm-3
4500
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 13
Water- Cement Ratio
Water / Cement Ratio
W / C = 0.70
W / C = 0.54
Water / Cement Ratio
W / C = 0.42
Water / Cement Ratio
W / C = 0.33
Water / Cement Ratio
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 14
Water weight = 31 Gallons x 8,34 lb/Gal. = 259 lbs
Cement weight = 564 lb
w/c = 259/564 = 0.459
107 107
www.conexpoconagg.com
Corrections forAggregate Moisture Content
Density depends onMoisture Content
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 15
Fine aggregate stock pile
Older aggregate pile
Recently dumped aggregate pile
Common Ready-Mix Usage:Weight of water ON aggregate
= 6% of SSD weight
What does 6% Moisture Content Mean?
ASTM, Industry Standard Usage:Weight of water IN and ON aggregate =
6% of Oven-Dry weight
120 120
www.conexpoconagg.com
Water Control
0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80Water Cement Ratio
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
28-D
ay C
ompr
essi
ve S
tren
gth
Approximate 28-Day Compressive Strengthas a function of Water/Cement Ratio.Adapted from ACI 211.1-91, Table 6.3.4(a)
Non Air-Entrained Concrete (about 2% air)
Air-entrained concrete (about 6% air)
0.40 0.45Water Cement Ratio
0
1
2
3
4
5
Coe
ffici
ent o
f Per
mea
bilit
y, K
q x
10,0
00
0.40 0.45Water Cement Ratio
0
1
2
3
4
5
Coe
ffici
ent o
f Per
mea
bilit
y, K
q x
10,0
00
2.7
250% Increase in Permeability
1.1
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 16
Analysis by Life-365
• 611 lb cement / CY• 122 lb Type F flyash• 37 lb Silica Fume• w/c ranges from 0.34 to 0.54• 2 in (50 mm) cover• Northern Snowbelt Environment• Compute time to corrosion
Time to Corrosion Initiation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 0.55
w/c
Ye
ars
Time to Corrosion Initiation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Gallons Water per CY
Tim
e to
Co
rro
sio
n
(Yea
rs)
Time to Corrosion Initiation
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
Gallons Water per CY
Tim
e to
Co
rro
sio
n
(Yea
rs)
-3 Years per gallon
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 17
180 180
www.conexpoconagg.com
SettingTime
181 181
www.conexpoconagg.com
182 182
www.conexpoconagg.com 183 183
www.conexpoconagg.com
184 184
www.conexpoconagg.com
Con-AggConcrete
Made Fresh DailyYour Ad Here!
ACME CONSTRUCTION LVCC, NORTH, OFF PARADISE
Batch Time = 2:24 PM
185 185
www.conexpoconagg.com
CUMULATIVE BATCH WEIGHTS
A Final Mystery
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 18
186 186
www.conexpoconagg.com
Concrete Composition Air Entrained Concrete
Example Mix
Cement 564 lb
Water 259
Coarse #1 720
Coarse #2 1065
Fine 1255
Total 3863
w/c = 259/564 = 0.46
188
www.conexpoconagg.com
~1 inch
~½ inch
189 189
www.conexpoconagg.com
Batch weights /CY
Batch weights / Load
Batch weights /CY
Batch weights/Load
Batch weights /CY
Batch weights/Load
Why not double the weights for a 2 CY load???
Crack the Code on your Concrete Delivery Ticket CONEXPO‐CON/AGG 3/6/2014
Kenneth C. Hover, P.E., Ph.D,[email protected] 19
194 194
www.conexpoconagg.com
• Take advantage of the information the concrete producer gives you to:– 1. Make sure you got what you ordered.
– 2. Keep track of concrete volume and yield.
– 3. Predict setting time for your finishers.
“Crack” the Code On Your Concrete Delivery Ticket