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Code Analysis Presentation
September 2014
TTU College of Arch graduate
Architect with 30 + years experience
Expertise in:
o Higher Education
o Municipal
o Medical
Taught this studio last fall
Earliest bldg/Life Safety code dates from 1772 BC
Modern era bldg codes
o Rebuilding London Act 1666 after 1666 Great Fire
o Ist systematic code- London 1844
o Baltimore passed it’s 1st bldg code in 1859
*Source: Wikipedia
National Bldg/Life Safety Codes
o Eliminated most cities having their own codes
Most common building code:
o International Building Code
Multiple codes often required for a building:
o IBC- building code
o NFPA- Fire/Life Safety code
o Local amendments to the above
o Local Zoning- building setbacks, height restrictions
o Project Specific codes
• TDH&HS- Hospitals, Outpatient Surgery Centers,
Nursing Facilities
o Accessibility requirements- TAS/TDLR, ADA not code
The most restrictive of each generally required
International Codes Council - Family of codes:
o International Building Code
o International Residential Code
o International Fire Code (competes with NFPA 101)
o International Plumbing Code
o International Mechanical Code
o International Energy Code
o International Green Building Code
We will use IBC – 2009 edition
o Currently adopted by City of Lubbock
o San Antonio uses 2012 edition
Most IBC versions available at:
www.archive.org
IBC 2009 Available at:
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/code/ibr/icc.ibc.2009.pdf
Non Plan Code impacts (examples):
o Selection of building materials
o Shear wall connections and locations
o Minimum air exchanges in a mechanical system
o Maximum sizes of windows in a rated wall
o Rating of walls between 2 different kinds of occupancies
o Heights of railings
o And on and on……..
Our efforts will focus on life safety elements that
most impact:
o Site plan- building set backs, etc.
o Floor plan arrangement
o Possible limitations of doors/windows on exterior walls
Out of 35 chapters; we will investigate portions of 5
Occupancy Classification
Allowable Height and Area allowed
Area Increase due to:
o Frontage of land
o Sprinklers
Type of Construction Planned
Room Occupancies
Room Exiting Requirements
Occupant Load for each floor and the buildings
Number of Exits per floor
Travel Distance allowed
Determine minimum width of:
o Corridor
o Stairs
Dead-end corridors
Number of plumbing fixtures
Energy Requirements
Accessibility
Building Occupancy Classification - 302 (p. 23)
o Determine which Classification
• A, I
• B, M
• E, R
• F&I, S
• H, U
• Others: such as Malls, Atriums and High-rises
A building may have multiple occupancies
Most classifications have subsets, example:
Assembly - 303 (p. 23)
o A-1: uses with fixed seating
o A-2: uses with food/drink
o A-3: uses not classified elsewhere
o A-4: uses for indoor sporting events
o A-5: uses for outdoor events
Allowable Increases to SF & # of Floors:
o Frontage- 506.2 (p. 82)
• Based on setback of building from public way
• Percentage of building faces accessible to public way
• Maximum allowable SF increase of 75% if:
• If building faces public way all 4 sides
OR
• Building sets back at least 20 feet all sides
o Sprinklers –
• 504.2: 1 story increase (p. 81)
• 506.3: 200% SF increase (p. 82)
Determine your allowable percentage increase
SF & # of Floors allowed by Occupancy-
• Table 503
Types of Construction – Table 601 (p. 89)
o Type I – IV
• I : non-combustible (steel)
• II: Non-Combustible exterior(steel),
• III: Wood framing
• IV: Heavy Timber
• A : Fire Resistive
• B : Not Fire Resistive, but lower SF
Evaluate Building Types based on
o SF in Table 503 (p. 80)
o SF increase allowed based on setbacks and sprinkler
use
o Type of Construction allowed per type
o Decide which Construction Type appropriate for project
maximum SF allowed for Types IB, IIA & IIB?
Rule of Thumb:
o Select Type of Construction with lowest fire resistive
requirements
o As desired by client- TTU as an example
Determine Occupant Load @ room –
o Table 1004.1.1 (p.220)
o Based on types of occupancy
• Offices
• Lobby
• Meeting room
• Storage
o If fixed seating, # of fixed seats is occ. load 1004.7
o Notice some factors are net and some are gross
• When net-
• Use the interior face of the room walls to calculate SF
• What spaces have no occupant load:
• Restrooms, mechanical, electrical, stairs,
elevators
o Outdoor courtyards have occupant load - 1004.8 (p. 220)
Determine Occupant load for @ floor and & building
Calculating width of corridors - 1005.1 (p. 221)
o min width - 1018.2 (p. 242)
Doors:
o Encroachment into corridor width – 1005.2 (p. 221)
o Door size 1008.1.1 (p. 224)
o Direction of Exit Door swing – 1008.1.2 (p. 225)
o When is panic hardware required? 1008.1.10 (p. 229)
Egress through adjoining rooms limited – 1014.2 (p. 237)
When 2 Exits are required –
o Table 1015.1 and 1015.1.1 (p. 239)
Arrangement/Location of Exits –
o 1015.2.1 & 1015.2.1.2 (p. 239)
Determine min. number of Exits per floor -
o Table 1021.1 (p. 243)
Stairways
o Width based on occupancy - 1005.1 (p. 221)
• Minimum 1009.1 (p. 230)
o Maximum tread and riser dimensions 1009.4.2 (p. 230)
• Impacts stair tower size (10’x20’ early rule of thumb)
o Stairway to roof req’d when there are 4 of more stories-
1007.13 (p. 1009.13)
o Stair doors always swing in the direction of egress
o Max. length of stair run w/o landing – 1009.7 (p. 232)
o When do stairs have to be enclosed? 1022.1 (p. 244)
Determine maximum Travel Distance allowed for
Occupancy Type - Table 1016.1 (p. 240)
Dead-End Corridors - 1018.4 and 1018.4.2 (p. 242)
o Maximum length allowed for dead-End corridors
• Varies by occupancy type
• Sometimes by use of sprinkler
o Determine maximum Dead End corridor length:
• Business occupancy with a sprinkler
Assembly is only Occupancy with “specific
requirements in chapter 10
o Due to higher occupancies and concentrated spaces
o Many occupants unfamiliar with the building as visitors
Specific requirements:
o Assembly Occupancy - 1028
o Main Exits when Occupant Load exceeds 300- 1028.2
Number of plumbing fixtures – Table 2901 (p. 550)
o Based on each occupancy type in building
• Generally split 50/50 towards Men and Women
o This is total count for building
• Can be distributed throughout the building
o This is minimum number- can have more
• Client may request additional fixtures
Texas requires compliance with state energy code
o Most requirements do not impact plan layout :
• Requirements for glazing
• Efficiency of mechanical units
• Insulation requirements in walls and roof
o Floor plan impacted by one requirement:
• Vestibules required when entry opens to large area:
• Maximum of 3,000 SF
Texas Accessibility Standards/ADA
Clearances at doors on floor plans
o General rules of thumb at doors: • 18” clear on pull side
• 12” clear on push side
o Door clearance requirement impacts corridor widths
• 5’ corridor width good rule of thumb
Elevator required if there are multiple floors
Restroom accessibility
o Clearances at fixtures
o Maneuvering room – 5’ turning radius
Develop Code Analysis specific to you project
o For each code component, Cite pertinent code section
o When relevant use 1/16” plans (no smaller) of all floors to
illustrate code issue such as travel distances, etc
o For each element indicate compliance with code component
o Analysis should include the following components:
• Identify Building Occupancy Classification that your building falls
under- state what kinds of occupancy is expected in your
building
• Construction Type proposed to be used
• Note type of materials allowable with proposed type of
construction
• indicate allowable number of stories and SF per floor
• note increases allowed (frontage and sprinkler) & resulting GSF allowed on the ground floor
• note your design’s GSF, by floor and total building
Analysis should include the following components (cont’d):
o Determine Occupant Load for each room
• note rooms requiring multiple exits
o Note occupant load per floor and for total building
o Determine minimum # of plumbing fixtures required
o Corridors:
• Determine minimum width of major corridors
• Note maximum travel distance vs distance per floor of your plan
• When corridors could appear to be dead-end note their length
Analysis should include the following components (cont’d):
o Exits- Determine minimum number of exits required per floor
o Stairs:
• Determine number and minimum width for total stairs
• Note if stairs are required to be enclosed or can be open
o Note SF of open areas served by entry-
• is vestibule required?
o Accessibility-illustrate clearances at all doors and in restrooms
Grading Rubric – 5 levels:
o 5 – Superior: Exceeds the requirements in all areas. The highest level of scholarly, discrimination, discernment and innovation in their work.
o 4 - Exceeds the requirements in most areas. Consistently scholarly, discrimination, discernment and innovation.
o 3 - Above Average: Exceeds requirements in a few areas. Often shows scholarly, discrimination, discernment and innovative effort.
o 2 - Average: Work requires minimal corrections. Inconsistently shows scholarly, discrimination, discernment and innovative efforts.
o 1 - Unsatisfactory: Does not meet the requirements of the instructor. Rarely shows scholarly, discrimination, discernment and innovative efforts.
o 0 - Unacceptable: work that is unacceptable, not defined.
Grading Criteria/Rubric
Grade will be determined by 4 categories
1. Competency- is the analysis correct and accurate
2. Process- Each code component presented in a way that clearly illustrates the how the information is derived and citing where it is coming from. Tables/text/graphics show formulas/ratios and calculations specific to your project.
3. Communication/Composition- Organization of the analysis clearly illustrates in a logical and hierarchical manner the code components. Good graphic quality.
4. Completeness- Each code component is completed to the level of detailed needed to convey the information.
Point to Grade Conversion
o 20 - 100 11 - 76
o 19 - 96 10 - 74
o 18 - 94 9 - 72
o 17 - 90 8 - 68
o 16 - 88 7 - 64
o 15 - 86 6 - 62
o 14 - 84 5-1 - 50-10
o 13 - 82
o 12 - 78
This presentation is available at
http://arch.ttu.edu/wiki/Mary_K._Crites
