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COCHIN HARBOUR Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Kochi features a tropical monsoon climate.
Kochi's proximity to the equator along with its coastal location results in little seasonal
temperature variation, with moderate to high levels of humidity. Annual temperatures range
between 23 and 31 °C (73 – 88 °F) with the record high being 38 °C (100 °F), and record low 17
°C (63 °F).[30] From June to September, the south-west monsoon brings in heavy rains as Kochi
lies on the windward side of the Western Ghats. From October to December, Kochi receives
lighter (yet significant) rain from the northeast monsoon, as it lies on the leeward side. Average
annual rainfall is 3,228.3 mm (127.10 in), with an annual average of 132 rainy days.
Economy
Kochi is widely referred to as the commercial capital of Kerala. Kochi is home to Cochin
Stock Exchange, the only stock exchange in Kerala. Availability of electricity, fresh water, long
coastline, backwaters, good banking facilities, presence of a major port, container trans-shipment
terminal, harbor terminal and an international air terminal are some of the factors which
accelerated the industrial growth in the city and its adjoining district. In recent years the city has
Climate data for Kochi
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F)35
(95)
37
(99)
37
(99)
34
(93)
35
(95)
33
(91)
35
(95)
35
(95)
38
(100)
35
(95)
34
(93)
33
(91)
38
(100)
Average high °C (°F)30
(86)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
31
(88)
28
(82)
28
(82)
28
(82)
28
(82)
29
(84)
30
(86)
30
(86)30
Average low °C (°F)23
(73)
25
(77)
26
(79)
26
(79)
26
(79)
25
(77)
24
(75)
24
(75)
25
(77)
25
(77)
25
(77)
23
(73)25
Record low °C (°F)17
(63)
18
(64)
20
(68)
21
(70)
22
(72)
21
(70)
21
(70)
20
(68)
22
(72)
20
(68)
20
(68)
19
(66)
17
(63)
Precipitation mm
(inches)
21.9
(0.862)
22.9
(0.902)
35.3
(1.39)
124.0
(4.882)
395.7
(15.579)
720.7
(28.374)
697.2
(27.449)
367.8
(14.48)
289.4
(11.394)
302.3
(11.902)
175.1
(6.894)
48.3
(1.902)
3,228.3
(127.098)
Source no. 1: [32]
Source no. 2: [33]
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witnessed heavy investment, thus making it one of the fastest-growing second-tier metro cities in
India. Sales tax income generated in the Kochi metropolitan area contributes heavily to state
revenue. The district contributes the highest portion, 14.47%, of the state's GDP. Construction
and manufacturing combined contributes 37%, and trade, tourism and hospitality together
provides another 20%. Major business sectors include construction, manufacturing, shipbuilding,
transportation/shipping, seafood and spices exports, chemical industries, information technology
(IT), tourism, health services, and banking. Kochi is recognized as one of the seventeen major
industrial cities of India by World Bank, Doing Business Group. However, in the 2009 rankings
of ease to start and operate a business, among the 17 Indian cities selected, Kochi was rated as
the second most difficult city to start business and was ranked 16th, above Kolkata. As in most
of Kerala, remittances from non-resident Indians (NRI)s is a major source of income.
Eloor, situated 17 kilometres (10.5 mi) north of the city-centre, is the largest industrial
belt in Kerala, with more than 250 industries manufacturing a range of products including
chemical and petrochemical products, pesticides, rare earth elements, rubber processing
chemicals, fertilisers, zinc and chromium compounds, and leather products.Fertilisers and
Chemicals Travancore Limited (FACT), one of the oldest fertilizers and chemical industry in
Kerala is located in Kochi. Kochi Refineries of (BPCL) at Ambalamugal is one of the largest oil
refining facilities in South India. Petronet India has now almost completed Kochi LNG Terminal,
for importing and storing natural gas, for energy and fueling needs.Central Government
establishments like the Coconut Development Board, the Coir Board and the Marine Products
Export Development Authority (MPEDA) have head offices located in the city.
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HARBOUR
Harbour Engineering Department continued to work as a Service Department for
Fisheries and Ports Department of the Government of Kerala. The Department undertakes
investigation, planning, design, preparation of project reports for the construction of cargo
harbours, fishery harbours, fish landing centres, fish seed farms, hatcheries in addition to the
routine maintenance of the port and fisheries structures.
The present assignments include the construction work of Fishing Harbours at Moplay Bay,
Chombal, Puthiappa, Munambam, Kayamkulam, Thangassery, Neendakara, and Vizhinjam.
In addition to the above the implementation of fisheries roads and water supply schemes underthe grant of 10th Finance Commission was also entrusted to the department. The works in 10
districts were progressing at various stages.
The operation, management and maintenance of commissioned fishery harbours and fish landing
centres were also vested with this department. An amount of Rs. 115,89,040/- has been collected
by way of revenue from the finishing harbour and fish landing centres during 1999-2000. (The
latest figures awaited)
Organizational Structure
This department was formed in the year 1982 to work as a service department toFisheries and Ports Department of the Government of Kerala. The department has achieved
expertise and experience in the execution of various civil engineering works connected with
ports and harbours. The activity of the department was extended to the fields relating to the
development of Prawn/Fish Farms, Hatcheries, Nurseries etc. A good number of Engineers of the
department are having Post Graduates and Ph.D qualifications in specialised subjects such as
Ocean Engineering, Marine Structure, Ports and Harbours, Hydraulics, Aqua-culture
Engineering, Port Operation and Management etc. and the expertise gained by them reflected in
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the performance of the department. The organisation was set up to function under a Chief
Engineer with a Design Wing at Thiruvananthapuram and two regional level circle office (upto
7.2.95) having headquarters at Thiruvananthapuram and Kozhikode. The third circle namely
Thangassery Project Circle was formed on 7.2.95. Superintending Engineers are the Regional
Officers, Executive Engineers are Divisional Officers, Assistant Executive Engineers are Sub
Divisional Officers and Assistant Engineers are Section Officers. The Assistant Engineers areassisted by subordinate field staff, viz., Overseers and Chainmen. Office of the Chief Engineer at
Kamaleswaram is the headquarters.
Design Wing
Design wing is headed by an Executive Engineer
assisted by Assistant Executive Engineers and
this wing is responsible for the preparation of
Project Reports for development schemes,
planning, monitoring including compilation,preparation/review of progress reports etc.
Works Section
The works section headed by the Assistant
Executive Engineer (Works) is responsible for
scrutinising estimates, issue of administrative
sanction and technical sanction checking and
finalisation of tenders, etc. connected with
various works under the department.
Electrical Branch
Electrical Branch is responsible for all electrical works undertaken by the department for which
an Assistant Executive Engineer (Electrical) is functioning in the Chief Engineer's Office.
Financial branch
All financial matters were dealt with the Financial Branch headed by the Finance Officer.
Audit Branch
The audit branch is functioning in the Chief Engineer's office headed by Finance Officer in order
to look after all inspection reports, audit paras, draft paras and also to conduct internal audits insubordinate offices.
Regional Centres (Circles)
There are three circles, viz. South circle, Project Circle and North Circle- each headed by a
Superintending Engineer. The regional circles are at Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam and
Kozhikode.
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The Superintending Engineer, South Circle at Thiruvananthapuram is assisted by technical
Assistant in the cadre of Assistant Executive Engineer on the technical side and a Senior
Superintendent on the ministerial side. The jurisdiction of this circle extended to the districts of
Thiruvananthapuram, Kollam, Alappuzha, Ernakulam, Thrissur and Palakkad.
Under this circle, there were three divisions viz. Vizhinjam Kayamkulam and Munambam eachheaded by an Executive Engineer. The Executive Engineers are assisted by a Technical
Assistant, Divisional Account and Senior Superintendent etc.
There is one sub division under the Kayamkulam Division. The Sub Division was attending the
various works of Kayamkulam Fishery Harbour Project and the works of Fisheries roads in parts
of Kollam and Alappuzha districts.
Under the Munambam Division there were two sub division controlled by the Assistant
Executive Engineer for attending the various works of Munambam Fishery Harbour and the
works of fisheries roads of Ernakulam and Thrissur districts. The other fisheries works and FishLanding Centres were also attended by the Division.
The Superintending Engineer, project Circle with headquarters at Asramam, Kollam-2 was
assisted in the office by Technical Assistant in the cadre of Assistant Executive Engineer on the
technical side and a Senior Superintendent on the ministerial side. There were two divisions
under this circle, namely Thangassery Fishing Harbour Division, Kollam and Neendakara
Fishing Harbour Division, Sakthikulangara each headed by an Executive Engineer.
The Superintending Engineer with headquarters at Kozhikode was assisted by Technical
Assistant in the cadre of Assistant Executive Engineer on the technical side and a Senior
Superintendent on the ministerial side. Under this Circle two divisions were functioning viz atKozhikode, and Kannur each headed by an Executive Engineer.
Under Kozhikode Division, there were 4 sub divisions two at Beypore and one at Chombal and
one at Puthiappa. Under Kannur Division, there are three sub divisions Mopla Bay, Azhikkal
Mattul.
Important officers
Officer Address
Chief Engineer Harbour Engineering Dept. Kamaleswaram. TVPM
Deputy Chief Engineer Harbour Engineering Dept.Kamaleswaram. TVPM
Superintending
Engineer Harbour Engineering Dept. South Circle, TVPM
Superintending
Engineer Harbour Engineering Dept.Project Circle, Kollam
Superintending
Engineer Harbour Engineering Dept.North Circle, Kozhikode
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Executive Engineer
(Design) Harbour Engineering Dept.
Executive Engineer Fishery Harbour Project Division, Vizhinjam
Executive Engineer Fishery Harbour Division,Kollam
Programmes
Investigations Work
The department continued the investigation works for the preparation of project Reports for the
development of minor and intermediate Ports, Fishing Harbours and Fish Landing Centres.
Achievements
Sanction for the following developmental schemes were obtained during the year under report
ABOUT KOCHI
Ernakulam is the commercial centre and forms the main land of Kochi. The two main railwaystations of Kochi are located here. The Airport is based on Wellington Island which is an
elongated island west of Erankulam. The Airport is about 6 km from the center of Ernakulam.
Talking about centers, Jos Junction in Ernakulam is known as the heart of the city. This Junction
mostly caters to the needs of the shoppers and Jewellery lover. It is located on M.G. Road which
houses most of the retail shops and shopping centers. You will be amazed to find all that you
need on M.G. Road. The city is pretty clean with the local authorities doing a good job in
maintaining it in that way. Ernakulam is one of the most advanced cities in Kerala, it depicts the
modern life of the Metropolitan Cities of India. The city is filled with glamourous shopping
centers and Jewellery shops. The Hotels and Restaurants are very enchanting and serve
appetizing food. Among the busy roads and business centers the city also caters to the nature
lover with some very beautiful parks, children's playgrounds and beach side pavements.
The Naval base and the Cochin shipyard are also based in Ernakulam. Marine drive is also
another business area in Ernakulam which has a beautiful view of the sea and the islands of
Cochin. You can also see the merchant ships and the cruise liner halting for fueling.
Cochin City Information
Area 95 sq.km.
Population 1.35 million (2001)
Time Zone Indian Standard Time (IST) - UTC +5:30
Altitude Sea level
Rainfall 350cm annually
Temperature 20°C-35°C (68°F-95°F)
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Seasons
Monsoon season: June - September (heavy
rains)
Mild winter: October - February (cool, dry with
occassional rain)
Summer: March - May (hot and humid)
Languages
State language: Malayalam
English is widely understood. Hindi and Tamil
are used occasionally.
Religions
Being a city in a secular country, almost all
major religions are represented including
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Jewism,
Jainism and Buddhism.
Main Occupation Trading, fishing, heavy industry and information
technology
Airport code IATA: COK, ICAO: VOCC
Telephone Code +91 484
Emergency numbers Police: 100, Fire: 101, Ambulance: 102.
Power supply 230V, 50Hz
Currency
Indian Rupee (INR), 1 Rupee = 100 paise.
Approximate rates: $1 = Rs 45, £1 = Rs 85, €1
= Rs 58
The Interactive Currency Table
Marine Drive
Also called as Shanmugham Road, Marine Drive is a long gracefully curving road along the
buttressed seacoast of Kochi City. The view of the backwaters and the harbor from here is really
breathtaking.
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The Walkway here, along the edge of the backwaters starting from behind the Children's Park to
the end of the Shanmugham Road, has become popular with both locals and tourists. The 140-
metre walkway is paved with black-dotted, red-carpet ultra tiles. Cast-ironed, wooden benches,
weather-proof seating on ash grey tiles and the breeze blowing in, provide recreational
relaxation. Film music filters through the speakers fixed at the Renewable Energy Park, in thewalkway area behind the Park. Now there are two beautiful bridges along the walkway. At the
other end of the walkway, a number of country boats and motor boats are parked which are
available for rides in the backwaters.
At night, twinkling lights of ships anchored at the harbor is beautiful. There are a number of
buildings along the Marine Drive which are good examples of modern architecture like Asoka
Apartments, Taj Residency, etc. The famous shopping centers GCDA complex and the Pioneer
Towers at the Marine Drive houses many showrooms and restaurants. The surrounding area of
the marine drive has become a favorite location for shooting sequences for movies.
Jewish Synagogue at MattancherryThis imposing structure was built in 1568 when the Jews
settled in Mattancherry, aftertheir expulsion from the
Rahabi. They built a clock tower and paved the floor of
the synagogue with 18th century hand painted willow
pattern tiles brought from China. Its most important relics
are the impressive copper plates recording King Bhaskara
Ravi Varma's 4th century decree that guaranteed the
Jewish settlers domain over Cranganore (Kodungalore) as
well as the Hebrew inscriptions on stone slabs, great
scrolls of the Old Testament etc. The Synagogue itself is
elaborately decorated with crystal chandeliers and carved
wood with blue and white ceramic tiles. Located in Jew
town, Mattancherry, the synagogue is open from 10 am to
12 noon; 3 pm to 5pm and closed on Saturdays and
Jewish holidays.
Dutch Palace, Mattancherry
Built by the Portuguese in the middle of the 16th century,
this palace was taken over in 1663 by the Dutch, who
added some improvements before presenting it to the
Rajas of Cochin. The rajas also made moreimprovements. The palace is notable for some of the best
mythological murals in India, particularly in the bed
chambers. In that room one can see the entire story of
Ramayana on the walls. The palace also houses Dutch
maps of Old Kochi, royal palanquins, coronation robes of
former maharajas of Kochi and displays an example of traditional Kerala flooring, which looks
like polished black marble but is actually a mixture of burned coconut shells, charcoal, lime,
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plant juices and egg whites. It is situated at Palace Road, Mattancherry. Open to Tourists -
Saturday to Thursday from 10 am - 5 pm, Closed on Fridays and National holidays. More
details...
Chinese fishing nets, Fort Kochi Beach
Chinese traders from the court of Kublai Khan arebelieved to have introduced thesehuge cantilevered
fishing nets in the late14th century. The nets are built of
teak wood and bamboo poles. They can best be seen at
sunset, on the north end of the promontory, a few metres
from Fort Kochi, or from a boat tour of the harbour.
Vasco da Gama square just behind the nets is an idle
place to sit and savour the delicious seafood freshly
caught in the nets, catered by the stalls here.
The Bishops House
Built by the Portuguese in A.D.1506 as residence of thePortuguese governor, Bishop house is the oldest Catholic
Dioceses in India located near the Parade ground, Fort
Kochi. A prominent heritage of Fort Kochi, it is
characterised by large arches in Gothic Style and has
circular garden path winding up to the main entrance. The
building was acquired by Dome Jos Gomes Ferreira, the
27th Bishop of the Diocese of Cochin whose jurisdiction
extended over Burma, Malaya and Ceylon in addition to
India. Inside the Bishop's house there is a parlour room
with large walls. These walls are painted in bright colours-telling the arrival of Portuguese, the
origin of Christianity in Kerala and the establishment of the Diocese. The Indo Portuguese
Museum within the palace compound has some historically significant invaluable collections.
There is also the dinning area, known as Dr. Mario Sorais Hall, senate hall, teak staircase, large
attics, collection of Portuguese maps, small collection of antiques and the other historic materials
preserved here.
The Cochin Club
Formerly known as the English Club, this club stretches majestically between the Fort Cochin
Commandant's house and the ancient Governor's residence. The club with its high roofs and arch
styled windows is housed in a beautifully landscaped park and has an impressive library and a
collection of sporting trophies. In the early19th century when the club was established by theBritish, admission was restricted to them and men only. Today its rules are more liberal and the
membership of 250 includes women as well.
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Tourist spots in Cochin
Fort Kochi beach A stroll along the beach, particularly at sunset with the chinese
fishing nets and sailing ships in the background, is a memorable
experience. Many European style bungalows can be seen alongthe shoreline. The coastal stretch has loads of small stalls, whichmake on demand mouth-watering traditional cuisines using
freshly caught fish.
St. Francis Church, Fort Kochi It is the oldest church built by Europeans in India. On his
3
rd
visit to Kerala, Vasco da Gama, the Portuguese trader whoreached India from Europe by sea, fell ill and died in Kochi. He
was buried in the St. Francis Church. Later his remains were
taken back to Portugal. In spite of that, his burial spot inside thechurch has been clearly marked out.
Vasco House, Fort Kochi Vasco house, located on Rose Street, is believed to be one of the oldest Portuguese houses in
India. Vasco da Gama is believed to have lived here. This house features European glass panedwindows and verandahs.
Santa Cruz Basilica, Fort Kochi The original church, situated in Fort Kochi, was built by thePortuguese in 1505 and named as a cathedral in 1558. The
British colonists destroyed the cathedral in 1795. The current
structure was built in 1905 and raised to the status of a basilicaby Pope John Paul II in 1984.
Bolghatty Palace, Bolghatty Island
This Dutch palace is situated on Bolghatty island which is just a short boat ride away from the
mainland. The palace has been converted to a hotel run by the Kerala Tourism Development
Corporation (KTDC). The island has a tiny golf course and the panoramic views of the port andthe harbour, makes it an attractive picnic spot. Frequent boat service is available from the
mainland.
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Hill Palace, Tripunithura Built in the 19th century by the Raja of Kochi, this palace served as the seat of the Raja of theKochi province. The palace has been converted into a museum displaying a fine collection of
articles showing the wealth and splendour of the Rajas of Kochi,
including the thone and the crown. The musuem also houses a
large collection of archaeological findings. Hill Palace is located16km east of Cochin in Tripunithura, a satellite town of Cochin.
Palliport (Pallipuram) Fort
It is the oldest surviving European fort in India, built by the Portuguese in 1503. Its situated in
Pallipuram on Vypeen island.
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary
Mangalavanam is a protected bird sanctuary situated right in theheart of Kochi city. It is the home of many exotic and rarevarieties of migratory and resident birds. Mangalavanam is
located right next to the High Court of Kerala.
Museum of Kerala History, Kalamassery
The museum has on display spectacular audio-visual exhibitsdepicting the history and culture of Kerala along with many life
size statues of many famous personalities and several paintingsdepicting Kerala history.
Parikshith Thampuran Museum
This Rajas of Cochin used to conduct their durbars in thisimpressive building located within the Durbar Hall grounds. It
was later converted to a museum which has a treasure trove of archaeological findings and relics including old coins,sculptures, oil paintings and murals. The building has been
taken over by the Kerala Lalitha Kala Academy and now houses
the Gallery of Contemporary Art. All the exhibits of themuseum have been moved to the Hill Palace museum.
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Cherai Beach
This lovely beach ideal for swimming is located on the north end of Vypeen island, one of the
many small islands just off the mainland. The beach is lined by gorgeous coconut groves and
paddy fields. Vypeen can be reached by land or by boat.
Veega Land
Veega Land is South India's largest amusement park situated 14kms from Cochin. The park
includes a range of attractions including mini castles, water theme park, ferris wheel, rides,
slides, shows and fountains. Kids and adults alike can enjoy the fun and activities.
Marine Drive
A stroll along the long tree-lined coastal pathway that lines the
backwater is well worth the time spent, especially late afternoon
or dusk. The bustling backwaters, dotted with fishing boats,speedboats, ships, tankers and passenger boats, can be observed
from this walkway that lines the coast.
Willingdon Island This man-made island was created in 1933 by sand dredged
while deepening the backwaters for the Cochin Port, under thedirection of Sir Robert Bristow. A while back the Airport, Sea
port and the railway terminus (Cochin Harbour Terminus) were
situated on this island. Today, it is the home of the Cochin Portand the headquarters of the Sourthern Naval Command. Theairport continues to be the naval air station, while the main
airport has been moved to Nedumbassery, 30kms north-east of
Cochin. Most of the trains now terminate at Ernakulam Junctioninstead of Cochin Harbour Terminus.
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Boat ride The backwaters separating Ernakulam from Fort Kochi and Mattanchery are dotted with many
small and mid-sized islands. A boat ride through the backwaters is an
unforgettable experience.
Tourist Spots (near Cochin)
Alleppey(Alapuzha) Situated 63 kms south of Cochin along the coast, Alleppey is connected to Kochi by rail and
road. It is called the Venice of the East due to the extensive canal network here. Every year the
famous snake boat race is held here.
Cheruthuruthy Cheruthuruthy is about 110 kms away from Kochi. It is the base of the Kerala Kalamandalam-theworld famous art and dance academy where training in various traditional forms like Kathakali,
Mohiniyattam etc are imparted.
Kalady Situated 48 kms north-east of Kochi, on the banks of river
Periyar (Poorna). Kalady is the birthplace of Sri AdiSankaracharya, the monotheist Hindu philosopher. He lived in
the 8th century AD and died at the early age of 32 years. He
traveled throughout India, on foot, debating with scholars andspreading his theory of Advaita or monotheism. The Adi
Sankara shrine and the 8-storey painted Adi Sankara Keerthi
Sthambam (see picture) are a must-see for any visitor here.
Kodanad Kodanad is 30 kms north-east of Kochi situated on the lower
ranges of the Western Ghats on the banks of river Periyar. Thewildlife reserve is famous for the elephants and the largest
elephant training centre is situated here. The reserve also
features a mini zoo. Kodanad is close to St. Thomas church in
Malayatoor.
Kodungalloor(Cranganore) Kodungalloor is 35 kms north of Kochi. The world famous port here was destroyed by a flood
which led to the formation of Kochi harbour. St. Thomas, the apostle, is believed to have landedhere in 52 AD. Cheraman mosque, the first mosque in India, built in the form of a Hindu temple,
is situated here.
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Munnar
About 140 kms on NH49, Munnar is a hill resort ideal for a relaxing holiday away from the
tropical lowlands. The tea gardens and cardamom plantations give Munnar a beautiful look. Anai
Mudi, the highest peak in South India is in these hills. The Munnar - Kodaikanal (another hillresort) road is believed to be the steepest road in South-East Asia.
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, Thekkady Elephants, bisons, antelopes,
samburs, monkeys and bearscan be found in their natural
habitat in this world famous
wild life sanctuary, situated
190kms east of Cochin. A boatride through the man-made
lake in the heart of thesanctuary provides a uniqueopportunity to observe these animals in their natural surroundings.
Thattekad Bird Sanctuary
Thattekad bird sanctuary is located 60kms east of Cochin near Kothamangalam. Thattekad is
located on the northern bank of river Periyar is a tropical evergreen forest in the foothills of the
Wester Ghats. Spread over 25 sq kms, this bird sanctuary was once regarded as the richest bird
habitat in peninsular India. In spite of recent developments and deforestation, this sanctuary isstill home to a large number of rare and exotic bird species.
Malampuzha Dam
Malampuzha, a little township on the foothills of the Western Ghats takes its name from the
River Malampuzha. Nurtured by this tributary of Kerala's longest river, the Bharathappuzha,
Malampuzha is a lush green town is a major tourist attraction for its trekking trails and the large
irrigation dam.
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Mr.A.K.RAVEENDRANATHAN NAME: NAFEESA SAMREEN.M
FATHIMA MATRICULATION SCHOOL STD: 1Oth
STANDARD “B” SECTION
VANIYAMBADI.