Coasts

Shore

Classifying Coasts

• Primary Coast

• Secondary Coast

Primary Coast

• Land Erosion Coasts– Fjords

• Coasts Built by Land Processes– Deltas

• River dominated• Tide dominated• Wave dominated

– Drumlins and Moraines

• Volcanic Coasts• Coasts Shaped by Earth Movements

Secondary Coasts

• Dissolution

• High Energy Coasts

• Low Energy Coasts

Features of Secondary Coasts

• Sea Cliffs

• Sea Caves

• Wave Cut Platform

• Shore straightening

• Accumulation of beaches– Long-shore Drift– Long-shore current

Beach

• Composition and Slope of Beaches– Swash– backwash

• Beach Shape– Berm– Berm crest– Backshore– Foreshore– Beach scrap– Longshore trough– Longshore bars

• Minor Beach Features

• Rip Currents

• Coastal cells

Large Scale Features of Secondary Coasts

• Sand Spits

• Bay mouth Bar

• Barrier Islands

• Lagoon

• Sea islands

• Tombolo

Coasts Formed By Biological Activity

• Coral Reefs– Fringing Reefs– Barrier Reefs– Atolls

• Mangroves Coasts

• Estuaries

Classification Of Estuaries

• Drowned river mouths

• Fjords

• Bar-Built

• Tectonic

Characteristics of Estuaries

• Salt wedge estuaries

• Well-mixed estuaries

• Partially mixed estuaries

• Fjords estuaries

• Reverse estuaries

• The Value of Estuaries

• Lagoons and wetlands

• Wetland

• Slough

• Salt marsh

• swamp

Characteristics of US Coasts

• The Pacific Coast

• The Atlantic Coast

• The Gulf Coast

Human Interference in Coastal Processes

• Breakwater

• Groins

• Sea wall

• Importing sand