Coastal Resources Intro

7/27/2019 Coastal Resources Intro

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Food web

Phytoplanktons are the

primary producers autotrophs that use light

and nutrients in seawaterfor their growth

Photosynthetic organismscapture light energy bymeans of certainpigments such aschlorophyll to fix CO2 into

organic compounds Zooplankton next level

Mangroves are fringingcommunities top of thefood web


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Process water


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Water

Desalination

Cooling water for power plants


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Desalination

Reverse Osmosis process

withdraws seawater

for desalination

Processed water with high brine content (as high

as double the salt concentration) is discharged

back into the sea

Low Temperature Thermal Desalination (LTTD)

principle

Used by NIOT in the Lakshadweep islands


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Cooling water

Seawater of very large quantity is withdrawn forcooling purposes in thermal power stations

This water gets heated when it absorbs the

process heat

This exchange of heat by seawater is useful for

cooling purposes


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Sinks


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Sink

Cooling water

Process water

Effluents

Carbon


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Outfalls

BROKEN ROYAPURAM NEARSHORE

DISCHARGE PIPELINE


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Sustainable use of resources

theirimpacts and regulation


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Sustainable use of resources

Impacts with discharges

Impacts from resources exploitation

Mining

Fishing Factors affecting ecological resources

Impacts from coastal tourism

Impacts of Ports and harbours

Risks associated with hazardous cargo handling

Risks associated with shipping


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Impacts of coastal discharges

Discharges include Process waters

Thermal discharges

Dredge spoil


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Wastewater outfall

Water quality impact on adjacent water uses due towastewater disposal causing temporary or evenpermanent displacement of users

Impacts from discharge of wastewaters in offshorelocations (domestic and industrial) are

Bacterial contamination due to disposal of partiallytreated wastewaters

DO decrease in the coastal waters and its impact onfishes

Increased BOD, COD, suspended solids and nutrients

near the outfall location Increase in heavy metals, non-biodegradable organic

matter and persistent chemicals

Increased temperature of cooling water discharges,salinity from brine discharges from desalination plants


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Impacts of thermal discharges

Cooling water discharges generally havetemperature increase of 3-5oC above ambient

in once through cooling systems

In general, it is found that upper thermal

acclimation temperatures of marineorganisms range from 8 to 10oC

Chlorination used in cooling waters for fouling

control is considered to be more toxic to marineorganisms (impacts on photosynthesis and

respiration) than elevated temperatures (Brook

A.J. and A.L. Baker 1972) than thermal effects.


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Dredge spoil dumping

Approximately 10% of dredged sediments are

heavily contaminated from a variety ofsources including shipping, industrial andmunicipal discharges, and land runoff.

Typical contaminants include heavy metals,

such as cadmium, mercury and chromium;hydrocarbons, such as oil; organochlorinessuch as pesticides; and nutrients such asnitrogen and phosphorous.

Disposal at sea of these materials carries thepossibility of acute or chronic toxic effects onmarine organisms, and potentialcontamination of human food sources

Source: UN Atlas for Oceans


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Impacts from port & harbour

Changes to the flow pattern and resultant coastal

erosion / siltation due to the construction ofbreakwaters / waterfront structures that obstruct

normal flow

Disturbance to the bottom, surface/ benthic

organisms due to dredging /dumping

Pollution from oil spills during pipeline transfers

dismantling operations and oily waste disposal.

Risk of oil / hazardous cargo spills fromaccidents due to collisions, grounding, leakage.

Loss of habitats such as mangroves, corals,

mudflats etc.


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Controls


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Documents

Coastal Resources Intro