7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

1/21

4Coal Transp

Since the distance between the energy

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

2/21

Table 4-1 summarizes the magnitudemodes in the United States for 1980. Figtion (for 1977) of transportation mode wble 4-2 gives the origin and destination (belectrical utilities. The estimated total c1980 was 750 million tons, 64% of whiccoal movement measured approximately

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

3/21

Table 4-1Estimates of Originated Coal Movements, Haul Distances and

Transportation Total HaulHaul Distance-MilesNetworkUnit Cost-CentslTon-Mile106 Tons/Yearverage RangeilesAverageange 475450 10-1,88091,000.8.8-3.5 952510-75,055,0000.5.0-14.5 85I51-157001.0.0-12.5 80I80100-1,1005,000.6.4-1.1 573 108-1,26076.2.0-3.0 10- 0 7400075 1-1,880,271,000.9.4-14.5

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

4/21

TransportationTramway. conveyor.and private rai lroad

54(11%)

Al l rail257 (53%)

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

5/21

60 Coal Processing and Pollution ControlTable 4-2Coal Deliveries to Electric Utilities in 1976in Thousand TonsOrigin

SouthernAppalachia'ppalachiatidwest"outhwestttest 18,094.1-,528.6234.9 -,088.9 765 4,324.6,553.4 -3,438.71,163.9 10,778.71,784.41,217.9 132.7,086.81,989.1 3,270.7 83.8,070.5-,553.2 - 2,259.91,172.542,271.4,036.6 7709 12,019.3,144.434.3,170 8.648.1,436.4 8,911.5 1,056.520.3 5349,043 -79.1 -,839.6-20.5753.24,1741,894.837.9 -,019.75,253.784.42,908.66,678.61 - 6,884.938,436.9,510.26.6,758.6 98.837,225.586.4 3.7,491 - 27.02,459.7819,549,002.3 -8,867903.9 -,869665.6,643.3 -23,307,813.3 695.3,984.4,079.3 3,389.9 -,459.4t Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Vi* Illinois, Indiana, Missouri, and Oklahoma.t Arizona, New Mexico, and Texas.Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, Utah, Washi

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

6/21

2,000 .-

1,500Total Production

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

7/21

62 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

train for coal movement. Unit trains ge250 to 2,000 miles and carry from 7,50Unit coal trains employ from four to sas compared to between two and four simA loaded train will have 80 to 120 carsunit coal train is normally limited to a spexcessive track wear.

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

8/21

the pipeline. Figure 4-4 presents the prslurry pipeline.lOThe pipeline can be either a nonrecirculway) system. Coal slurry pipelines requiupstream end, coal-liquid separation facimittent pumping stations along the routemiles. Slurry storage tanks are usually loc

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

9/21

Coal supplier .,. Pipel ine syste

~ ,~,~,."'"'StockpileWater supply

~!"..":'".:~~:~.:l~~~~i~i

Mine~~.-~-

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

10/21

Table 4-3Design and Operating Characteristics for Existing and Propo

LocationDestinationipeline Name

Alton-NevadaBlack MesaCadiz, OhioETSIFlorida GasHNG-San MarcoInterstate-NorthwestWytexCanada

OriginAlton, UtKayenta , ArCadiz, OhGille tte , WyKentuckyWalsenburg, CoGille tte , WyGille tte , WyAlberta

Las Vegas, NvLaughlin, NvCleveland, OhWhite Bluff, ArFloridaHouston, TxBoardman, OrHouston, TxMinnesota

Length(miles)1832731081,0361,5009001,1001,2601,200

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

11/21

66 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

The second major operational problemdegree of operational flexibility becausevelocities of coal pipelines are optimumor three to four miles per hour, to minipressure drop for operating cost. Operatlead to excessive pipe erosion while op

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

12/21

Coal is normally moved in open hoppe1,000 to 3,000 net tons, with an averagbarges are normally located in series. A30,000 net tons of coal moving in 10 barhour with an average one-way haul distanof coal movement is downstream on thesystems, but there is also a significant up

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

13/21

68 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

ton-mile. Fuel consumption requirementbetween 1,500 and 2,400 Btu per net ttrucks are normally best only for short

The major adverse environmental imare coal dust particle releases during centrainment during transport. Some cotransport because the loads are normally

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

14/21

level. The transmission lines generate oHigh-voltage, long-distance transmissionabout 1% per 100 miles. Long distancewith other coal energy transport modesEnvironmental Controls

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

15/21

SLURRY- STORAGE TANKS

CLARI FlER / THICKENER

TREATMENT -....CHEMICALS

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

16/21

13.0

j10.0~ ~~ Conveyor~'"E"

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

17/21

72 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

transported, thus effectively reducing thson, mine-mouth conversion of coal tothetic crude is usually also favored logiof coal plus conversion at the destinatiogreatly reduced if the cost of construcsource than at the destination. For examay be 40% larger than those for a sim

The unit energy requirements are a s

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

18/21

NOTES: * Data from Reference 9.

Table 4-Unit Energy and Petroleum Consumptio

Coal TransportatioEnergy ConsumBtu/Net Ton-

Typical670650

1,100500

1,0502,400500250375

1,100

Coal TransportationModeDiesel RailroadElectric RailroadSteam RailroadOne-Way Slurry PipelineTwo-Way Slurry PipelineTruckBargeSNG (Coal Gasification)Syncrude (Coal Liquefaction)Electricity (Direct Transmission)

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

19/21

74 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

TableDirect Water Consumption Requireme

TransshiTransshipment MethodElectrified RailroadDiesel Railroad

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

20/21

3. Thompson, T. L., and F. B. RayHandling of Coal," Chemistry of CWiley, New York, (1981), Ch. 9.

4. "Draft Environmental Impact StaCoal Investigation - Guidelines foCommerce Commission, Energy aton, D.C., (October 19, 1979).

7/27/2019 Coal Transportation

21/21

76 Coal Processing and Pollution Control

15. Campbell, T. C. and S. Katell, "LTrains or Slurry Pipelines," Informatof the Interior, Bureau of Mines, M

16. Gibson, P., "A Railroad for theForbes, Vol. 127, No.9, (April 27,