Coal Petrology

Introduction to coal Introduction to coal petrographypetrography

bybySufriadinSufriadin

Mining Engineering- UNHASMining Engineering- UNHAS

Scope of coal petrologyScope of coal petrology Study and identification of Organic Study and identification of Organic

components for both macro and components for both macro and microscopic called MACERALmicroscopic called MACERAL

Inorganic constituents (Minerals)Inorganic constituents (Minerals)

MACERAL : Originated from Latin MACERAL : Originated from Latin word “Macerare” which means “to word “Macerare” which means “to soften” (a selectively oxidative soften” (a selectively oxidative treatment of organic matter used in treatment of organic matter used in paleobotany). The term “Maceral” paleobotany). The term “Maceral” was first used by Stopes (1935). was first used by Stopes (1935).

Three different Maceral Groups Three different Maceral Groups based on : color, relief, size, and based on : color, relief, size, and reflectivity. reflectivity.

Three Maceral Group :Three Maceral Group :VitriniteVitrinite

- Detrovitrinite- Detrovitrinite- Telovitrinie- Telovitrinie- Gelovitrinite- Gelovitrinite

LiptiniteLiptinite- Resinite- Resinite - Cutinite- Cutinite- Sporinite- Sporinite - Suberinite- Suberinite- Algine- Algine

InertiniteInertinite- Micrinite- Micrinite - Fusinite- Fusinite- Macrinite- Macrinite - Sclerotinite- Sclerotinite

Classification of Macerals Classification of Macerals

Microlithotype ClassificationMicrolithotype Classification

Lithotype ClassificationLithotype Classification

Sample PreparationSample Preparation

Ground to -1 mm (ASTM, 1991)Ground to -1 mm (ASTM, 1991) Mixed with epoxy resinMixed with epoxy resin Moulded (1 inch in diameter)Moulded (1 inch in diameter) PolishedPolished Ready for analysedReady for analysed

Polished section preparationPolished section preparation

Coal sample prep. equipmentsCoal sample prep. equipments

Microscope for maceral analysis of Microscope for maceral analysis of Zeiss Zeiss AxioplanAxioplan

Collinite (cell interiors) and Collinite (cell interiors) and telinite (cell walls), sample telinite (cell walls), sample form KY, US.form KY, US.

Vitrinite MaceralVitrinite Maceral

Maceral Phlobapinite from Maceral Phlobapinite from Tondongkurah (Pangkep, Tondongkurah (Pangkep, South Sulawesi), 200x, South Sulawesi), 200x, reflected lightreflected light

Telinite with resinite as Telinite with resinite as filled material (darker filled material (darker areas)areas)


Collinite/resinite(r) in Collinite/resinite(r) in textinite (t)textinite (t)

Corpocollinite, sample from Corpocollinite, sample from Powder River Basin (WY, Powder River Basin (WY, US).US).


Gelinite (matrix vitrinite), Gelinite (matrix vitrinite), sample form Powder sample form Powder River Basin, WY.US.River Basin, WY.US.

Liptinite Maceral :Liptinite Maceral :

Resinite (darker areas), set in Resinite (darker areas), set in vitrinite, sample from vitrinite, sample from Tondongkurah, Pangkep, Tondongkurah, Pangkep, South SulawesiSouth Sulawesi

Same as above, but with blue Same as above, but with blue light excitationlight excitation

Liptinite MaceralLiptinite Maceral

Fluorinite & Resinite with Fluorinite & Resinite with liptodetrinite & sporinite in eu-liptodetrinite & sporinite in eu-ulminite, also abundant mineral ulminite, also abundant mineral matter (sampel from East matter (sampel from East Kalimanatan, Indonesia)Kalimanatan, Indonesia)

Same as above, but with blue light Same as above, but with blue light excitationexcitation


BotryococcusBotryococcus telalginite, blue light telalginite, blue light excitation (sample location : excitation (sample location : Quensland Australia)Quensland Australia)

BotryococcusBotryococcus telalginite (sample telalginite (sample from Kentucky US).from Kentucky US).


Cutinite, white light, Cutinite, white light, sample from Gattareng-sample from Gattareng-Soppeng, South SulawesiSoppeng, South Sulawesi

Same as above, but in Same as above, but in blue light,blue light,


Suberinite (white Suberinite (white light)light)

Suberinite (blue Suberinite (blue light)light)


Exsudatinite, set in Exsudatinite, set in vitrinite, sample lignite vitrinite, sample lignite from Arutmin- Tanjung from Arutmin- Tanjung Formation, Kalimantan, Formation, Kalimantan, (blue light excitation)(blue light excitation)

Same as above, but in Same as above, but in white light.white light.

Liptinite maceral (resinite), Liptinite maceral (resinite), dark, sets ini vitrinite.dark, sets ini vitrinite.

Same as above, but in Same as above, but in fluorescene mode.fluorescene mode.

Inertinite MaceralInertinite Maceral

Sclerotinie, set in Sclerotinie, set in vitrinite, 500x, Refl. vitrinite, 500x, Refl. Light, sample from Light, sample from Tondongkurah.Tondongkurah.

Macrinite (rounded) Macrinite (rounded) associated with associated with vitrinite, and pyrite vitrinite, and pyrite (light yellow), Refl. (light yellow), Refl. lightlight

Mineral Matter in CoalMineral Matter in Coal

Pyrite,associated with clay Pyrite,associated with clay in coal, sample from in coal, sample from

Tondongkurah, Pangkep.Tondongkurah, Pangkep.

Pyrite framboidal Pyrite framboidal associated associated

with vitrinitewith vitrinite

Carbonate (calcite? ca),Carbonate (calcite? ca),( reddis yellow) associated ( reddis yellow) associated with clay (dark), reflected with clay (dark), reflected light, 200 xlight, 200 x

Pyrite (white yellow ), Pyrite (white yellow ), filled cleat as epigenetic filled cleat as epigenetic mineral, reflected light, mineral, reflected light, 200x200x

Clay band (c) with siderite Clay band (c) with siderite (s) and titanium oxide (t), (s) and titanium oxide (t),

Kaolinite “worm” (brownis Kaolinite “worm” (brownis dark), sample form dark), sample form Colorado US.Colorado US.

Carbonate mineral Carbonate mineral (light yellow)(light yellow)

Coal Petrology ApplicationCoal Petrology Application• Geological studyGeological study

- Depositional environment- Depositional environment- Basin analysis- Basin analysis- Seam correlation- Seam correlation

• Coal ExplorationCoal Exploration• Oil & Gas ExplorationOil & Gas Exploration• Technological applicationTechnological application

- Coal preparation- Coal preparation- Coal combustion- Coal combustion- Coal liquifaction- Coal liquifaction- Coal gasification- Coal gasification

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Coal Petrology