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COAL MINING & INDIANA BAT
POPULATION TRENDSKIMERY VORIES
OSM
ALTON, IL
CURRENT STATUS
• OSM has initiated meetings with the Assistant Regional Directors with Regions 3,4,and 5 of the US FWS to explore options for resolution of regional inconsistencies with handling SMCRA permitting related to T & E species.
ApproximateIndiana BatComposite Range(summer and winter)
Anthracite (potentially minable)
Lignite (potentially minable)
Low Volatile Bituminous (potentially minable)
Medium and High VolatileBituminous (other uses)
Medium and High VolatileBituminous (potentially minable)
Coal field and Indiana bat range (based on data compiled by Bat Conservation International) boundaries were accessed via The National Atlasof the United States (http://nationalatlas.gov). Map prepared by Andrew King, Bloomington, Indiana Field Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Bat ConservationInternational
Isolated Record
Priority I Hibernacula(>30,000 bats since 1960)
U.S. Fish & Wildlife ServiceRange of theIndiana Bat (Myotis sodalis)
in relation to Eastern U.S. Coal Fields
SMCRA PERMITING ISSUES FOR INDIANA BATS
• Inconsistency of Species Specific Protective Measures
• Inconsistent adoption of OSM/FWS 1996 Biological Opinion
• Overemphasis on Protection of Summer Habitat
• Inadequate emphasis on Protection of Winter Habitat
DIFFERENCESIN PROTECTION
& ENHANCEMENT PLANS• Trigger for Summer Survey
• Types of Survey
• PEP Requirement
• Radio Telemetry Requirement
• Minimize Take
• Short Term Habitat Replacement
• Long Term Habitat Replacement
Trigger for Summer Survey
• OH Demonstrate IB habitat does not exist or survey.
• WV Over 40 acres of disturbance may Survey or Assume Presence. Over 247 acres must survey.
• TN Within 10 miles of winter hibernacula or 5 miles of summer capture occurrence
• KY Area with summer habitat assume presence or survey (Unapproved)
Radio Telemetry Requirement
• OH, TN, WV Requirement Not Addressed
• KY Radio Telemetry Required for all captured Indiana bats (Unapproved)
1996 Biological Opinion
• Corp of Engineers Section 404 Permit Requirement for full Section 7 Consultation
• No mention of 1996 Biological Agreement in USFWS Indiana Bat Revised Recovery Plan
Overemphasis on Protection of Summer Habitat
• FWS FR NOTICE OF March 6, 2007 that States that summer habitat is not limiting to the species.
0100000200000300000400000500000600000700000800000900000
1000000
1965 1980 1990 2001 2007
Population
Range-wide Population of Indiana Bats
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
1965 1980 1990 2001 2007
VA
TN
OK
MO
KY
IL (s)
AR
AL
Southern Region Population of Indiana Bats
0
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
1965 1980 1990 2001 2007
WVVTPAOHNYNJMIINIL (n)
Northern Region Population of Indiana Bats
OSM TREND ANALYSIS
• BAT POPULATION CHANGE VERSUS PERCENT COAL PRODUCTION CHANGE AS AN INDICATOR OF RATE OF GROWTH OR DECLINE IN COAL MINING ACTIVITY
IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands)VERSUS (%) CHANGE IN COAL PRODUCTION
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
MO KY AR TN VA AL OK PA OH WV IL IN
Coal
BatsExpected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
TREND ANALYSIS
• POPULATION CHANGE VERSUS TOTAL COAL PRODUCTION AS AN INDICATOR OF THE INFLUENCE OF A LARGE VERSUS SMALL STATE COAL MINING INDUSTRY
TOTAL COAL PRODUCTION (Millions of Tons) VERSUS IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands)
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
WV KY PA IN VA IL OH AL TN MO AR
Coal
BatsExpected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
LARGE MEDIUM SMALL
TREND ANALYSIS
• POPULATION CHANGE VERSUS PERCENT COAL PRODUCTION TREND BY SURFACE VERSUS UNDERGROUND METHODS– GREATER THAN 60% OF COAL MINED IN
THE STATE BY SURFACE MINING METHODS
– GREATER THAN 60% OF COAL MINED IN THE STATE BY UNDERGROUND METHODS
IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands) VERSUS (%) CHANGE IN COAL PRODUCTION
FOR SURFACE MINED STATES
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
MO AR TN OK IN
Coal
BatsExpected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands) VERSUS (%) CHANGE IN COAL PRODUCTION
BY UNDERGROUND MINED STATES
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
KY VA AL PA OH WV IL
Coal
Bats
Expected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
TOTAL COAL PRODUCTION (Millions of Tons) FOR SURFACE MINED STATES VERSUS
IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands)
-350
-300
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
IN TN OK MO AR
Coal
Bats
Expected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
SMALLMEDIUM
TOTAL COAL PRODUCTION (Millions of Tons) FOR UNDERGROUND MINED STATES
VERSUS IN BAT POPULATION CHANGE (Thousands)
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
WV KY PA VA IL OH AL
Coal
Bats
Expected Trend Line for Mining to Negatively Impact Bat Population
LARGE MEDIUM
RESULTS
• NO TREND COULD BE IDENTIFIED BETWEEN CHANGES IN INDIANA BAT POPULATIONS AND ASPECTS OF COAL PRODUCTION OR MINING METHOD EITHER POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE.
WHAT IS THE REAL REASON FOR THE DECLINE?
• Instead of mist netting the Eastern U.S. you needn’t look any further than your Internet.....
Decline of Indiana bats in Missouri
• Missouri Caves Association CLICK on the CAVE NAME to open their web site.
• Missouri Membersof MCA
• Bluff Dwellers Caverns &Browning MuseumBridal CaveCameron Cave Cathedral CaveCrystal CaveFantastic CavernsFishers CaveJacob's CaveMark Twain CaveMarvel CaveMeramec CavernsOnondaga CaveOzark CavernsRound Spring CavernsTalking Rocks Cavern
Decline of Indiana bat in Arkansas
ArkansasMembersof MCA
Blanchard Springs CavernsBull Shoals Caverns
Cosmic CavernsHurricane River Cave
Mystic CavernsOld Spanish Treasure Cave
War Eagle Caverns
Detect, Restore & Protect Key Caves
Protect and/or Modify Potentially Suitable Abandoned Mines
Potential for Success?
Outstanding!M. Tuttle BCI 2007
In Conclusion, In Conclusion, What is Required What is Required
forfor Recovery?Recovery?