Co-Heating Project_Steering Group_20 June 2012_BRE Slides

8/13/2019 Co-Heating Project_Steering Group_20 June 2012_BRE Slides

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Part of the BRE Trust

NHBC Foundation Co-heating Research Project

Steering Group Meeting

20th June 2012

2012 | BRE Building Technology Group


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1. Housekeeping & introductions

2. General project overview

3. Project findings

BRE (B50.4 & B50.3) Collaborators (B50.3)

4. Discussion of results

5. Further work & analysis

6. Project report

7. Dissemination8. Conclusion & next steps

Todays Meeting


3/35

Housekeeping

Fire alarm test is not scheduled for today

In the event of fire alarm sounding please leave using the fire exits

marked and follow BRE staff to the assembly point outside

Toilets are located on this floor

Buffet lunch will be taken at approx. 12:45

Close meeting at approx. 15:00. Taxis can be ordered in advance.


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Reminder of overall project objectives

Investigate co-heating test repeatability and sensitivity,

including reasons for variation in results due to external factors

(e.g. weather conditions)

Make recommendations towards an industry-wide protocol for

the co-heating test

this may include defining what further research is needed to

produce a robust, practicable and affordable test which can be

used across the construction industry


5/35

Summary of project work to date

Protocols and terms of engagement agreed at Steering Group

meeting on 16 November

BRE co-heating tests on both houses (Dec-Jan)

Tests by collaborators (Jan-May) and submission of reports BSRIA 24 Jan - 6 Feb

UCL 10 - 27 Feb

Cardiff 28 Feb - 15 Mar

Stroma 16 Mar - 2 Apr

Loughborough 3 - 17 Apr

Nottingham 23 Apr - 8 May

Re-tests by BRE Initial data analysis by BRE


6/35

BRE Co-heating testing

BRE House 50.3

23 Dec to 2 Jan

11 Feb to date

BRE House 50.4 23 Dec to 2 Jan

12 May to date


7/35

Co-heating test methodology

Maintain constant internal temperature

Energy balance based on:

Electric heat input + Solar Gains = Total heat loss

(Total heat loss = Fabric heat loss + infiltration heat loss)


8/35

BRE Methodology House 50.3

Anville data acquisition unit + shielded thermistor

bead DRT sensors in every room

PC in control cabin

Convector heaters and separate oscillating fans

PI T controllers plus pulse electricity meters


9/35

BRE Methodology House 50.4

Tiny Tag loggers + shielded T sensors

Convector heaters and separate oscillating fans

PI T controllers plus pulse electricity meters & Tiny

Tag Pulse Loggers


10/35

BRE Methodology met data

Met tower

Kipp & Zonen pyranometer horizontal

Wind speed & direction (Didcot)

Stevenson screen

Temperature & RH (Rotronic HygroClip HC2S)


11/35

Comparison of House 50.3 and 50.4


12/35

BRE airtightness tests

2 December 2011 - Infiltec E3 fans

House 50.3

Permeability = 4.12 m3/h/m2

House 50.4 Permeability = 3.38 m3/h/m2

11 June 2011 - Retrotec 3000 fans

House 50.3


House 50.4



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Air permeability

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

BRE 2 Dec 2011 BSRIA 7 Feb2012

BSRIA 8 Mar2012

Stroma 2 April2012

BRE 11June2012

House 50.3

House 50.4

BRE 2 December results were with old Infiltec fans


14/35

Co-heating test method

Linear regressions between:

Measured electrical input to heaters (+fans)

and

Delta T

This ignores the effect of varying solar radiation and wind

speed.

Therefore additional regressions are often made between

heat input and mean solar heat irradiance and mean wind

speed

Siviour analysis may also be used to determine the solar

aperture (m2) (gives heat input to the building for a given

solar radiation) (Wingfield, Leeds Met)

A window solar gain model may also be used to estimate

solar gains to the building (BRE)


15/35

BRE data 22 Dec to 2 Jan

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

22/12/11

23/12/11

24/12/11

25/12/11

26/12/11

27/12/11

28/12/11

29/12/11

30/12/11

31/12/11

01/01/12

02/01/12

03/01/12

04/01/12

Solarirradiance(W/m2)andheatloss

coefficient(W/K)

Temperature(degC)andwind

speed(m/s)

House 50.3 and 50.4 (hourly data)

House 50.4 Mean house T House 50.3 Mean house T

Temperature Av wind speed m/s

House 50.4 House 50.4 W/K House 50.4 W/K

Solar W/m2

A calm period with low solar irradiance and low wind speed


16/35

BRE data 22 Dec to 2 Jan

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

26/Dec18:00

26/Dec19:00

26/Dec20:00

26/Dec21:00

26/Dec22:00

26/Dec23:00

27/Dec00:00

27/Dec01:01

27/Dec02:01

27/Dec03:01

27/Dec04:01

27/Dec05:01

27/Dec06:01

27/Dec07:02

27/Dec08:02

27/Dec09:02

27/Dec10:02

27/Dec11:02

27/Dec12:02

27/Dec13:03

27/Dec14:03

27/Dec15:03

27/Dec16:03

27/Dec17:03

27/Dec18:03

27/Dec19:04

27/Dec20:04

27/Dec21:04

27/Dec22:04

27/Dec23:04

28/Dec00:04

28/Dec01:04

28/Dec02:05

28/Dec03:05

28/Dec04:05

28/Dec05:05

Sola

rirradiance(W/m2)andheatlosscoefficient(W/K)

Temperature(degC)andwindspeed(m/s)


House 50.4 Mean house T House 50.3 Mean house T

Temperature Av wind speed m/s

House 50.4 W/K House 50.4 W/KSolar W/m2

H50.3 = 65.5 W/K H50.4 = 64.0 W/K


17/35

Basic co-heating data 23 Dec to 1 Jan

y = 67.641xR = 0.8018

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

Heatinpu

t(W)

dT (K)

House 50.3

y = 67.079xR = 0.8423

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

Heatinpu

t(W)

dT (K)

House 50.4


18/35

Siviour analysis error caused by limited spread of solar

radiation levels

y = -0.6108x + 76.371

y = -0.6072x + 75.706

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50

P/dT vs S/dT (23 Dec to 2 Jan)

House 50.4 W/K

House 50.4 W/K

Linear (House50.4 W/K)


y = -0.1471x + 70.093

y = -0.1637x + 69.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 10 20 30 40 50

P/dT vs S/dT (23 Dec to 1 Jan)

House 50.4 W/K

House 50.4 W/K



Chart 2 shows effect of excluding 2 Jan (high solar gains)


19/35

Siviour analysis error caused by limited spread of solar

radiation levels 2nd example

y = -0.9021x + 56.72

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 5 10 15 20

H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT (12 to 21 May)

y = -1.5544x + 64.993

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 5 10 15 20

H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT (all data)


20/35

BRE data - House 50.3 Dec 2011 to June 2012

y = -1.9682x + 62.271

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

H50.3 P/dT vs S/dT

y = 58.663x - 154.7

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

H50.3 Heat (W) vs dT

Solar heat gains

Solar aperture = 1.96 m2

Heat loss coefficient = 62.27 W/K


21/35

BRE data House 50.4 Dec-Jan and May-June

y = -1.5544x + 64.993

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

0 5 10 15 20 25

H50.4 P/dT vs S/dT

Solar aperture = 1.55 m2

Heat loss coefficient = 64.99 W/K

y = 62.087x - 116.74

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0

H50.4 Heat (W) vs dT

Solar heat gains


22/35

BRE data co-heating data corrected for solar heat gains

y = 64.4x

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

H50.4 Qp (SA=1.55)

y = 61.746x

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0

H50.3 Qp (SA=1.97)

Heat loss coefficient (Siviour) = 64.99 W/K

Heat loss coefficient (corrected co-heating) =

64.4 W/K

Heat loss coefficient (Siviour) = 62.09 W/K

Heat loss coefficient (corrected co-heating) =

61.75 W/K


23/35

BRE data solar gains estimated using simple window

solar gain model

Measured horizontal solar irradiance corrected to determine

fraction of horizontal solar irradiance on stated vertical

orientation (hourly basis)

(fractions determined using CIBSE hourly cooling load

design data ratio horizontal to stated vertical orientation)

Standard window G-value and measured glass areas used to

determine proportion of incident solar radiation passing

through (hourly basis)

Assumes all solar radiation passing through glass is retained

by building

G-values may need some adjustment Shading from trees and other buildings adds to complexity


24/35

BRE data solar gains estimated using simple window

solar gain model

y = 72.48x

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

H50.4 Total heat input incsolar vs dT

y = 72.068x

0.0

500.0

1000.0

1500.0

2000.0

2500.0

0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0

H50.3 Total heat input incsolar vs dT


25/35

Comparison of reported heat loss coefficient values

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

House 50.3A

House 50.3B

House 50.3C

House 50.4A

House 50.4B

House 50.4C

House 50.4D

House 50.4E

House 50.4F

House 50.4G

House 50.4H

W/K

Range of reported values 61.2 W/K to 77.1 W/K

(69.1 8.0 W/K)


26/35

Effect of wind speed


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Effect of wind speed H50.3

y = 4.0045x + 36.483

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0

H50.3 W/K vs mean wind speed (all data)


28/35

Effect of wind speed H50.4

y = 6.0548x + 31.385

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

House 50.4 W/K vs mean wind speed (all data)


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Monthly data plots


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House 50.3 Dec to Jan 2012

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

22/12/11

23/12/11

24/12/11

25/12/11

26/12/11

27/12/11

28/12/11

29/12/11

30/12/11

31/12/11

01/01/12

02/01/12

03/01/12

04/01/12

Solar

irradiance(W/m2)andheatlosscoefficient(W/K)



House 50.4 Meanhouse T

House 50.3 Mean

house TTemperature


31/35

House 50.3 February 2012

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

8/02/12

9/02/12

0/02/12

1/02/12

2/02/12

3/02/12

4/02/12

5/02/12

6/02/12

7/02/12

8/02/12

9/02/12

0/02/12

1/02/12

2/02/12

3/02/12

4/02/12

5/02/12

6/02/12

7/02/12

8/02/12

9/02/12

1/03/12

2/03/12

3/03/12

Solarirradiance(W/m2)andheatlos

scoefficient(W/K)


House 50.3 (hourly data)

External T Mean house

Av wind speed Av solar

W/K


32/35

House 50.3 March 2012

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

9/02/12

1/03/12

2/03/12

3/03/12

4/03/12

5/03/12

6/03/12

7/03/12

8/03/12

9/03/12

0/03/12

1/03/12

2/03/12

3/03/12

4/03/12

5/03/12

6/03/12

7/03/12


scoefficient(W/K)



External T Mean house Av wind speed

Av solar W/K


33/35

H50.3 April 2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

1/03/12

1/04/12

2/04/12

3/04/12

4/04/12

5/04/12

6/04/12

7/04/12

8/04/12

9/04/12

0/04/12

1/04/12

2/04/12

3/04/12

4/04/12

5/04/12

6/04/12

7/04/12


scoefficient(W/K)





W/K


34/35

H50.3 May 2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

0/04/12

1/05/12

2/05/12

3/05/12

4/05/12

5/05/12

6/05/12

7/05/12

8/05/12

9/05/12

0/05/12

1/05/12

2/05/12

3/05/12

4/05/12

5/05/12

6/05/12

7/05/12

8/05/12

9/05/12

0/05/12

1/05/12

2/05/12

3/05/12

4/05/12

5/05/12

6/05/12

7/05/12

8/05/12

9/05/12

0/05/12

1/05/12


scoefficient(W/K)





W/K


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H50.3 June 2012

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

1/06/12

2/06/12

3/06/12

4/06/12

5/06/12

6/06/12

7/06/12

8/06/12

9/06/12

0/06/12

1/06/12

2/06/12

3/06/12

4/06/12

5/06/12

6/06/12

7/06/12

8/06/12

9/06/12

0/06/12

1/06/12

2/06/12

3/06/12

4/06/12

5/06/12

6/06/12

7/06/12

8/06/12

9/06/12

0/06/12


scoefficient(W/K)



External T Mean house Av wind speed

Av solar W/K

Documents

Co-Heating Project_Steering Group_20 June 2012_BRE Slides