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Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Co-ordinated by
aparsen.eu
Panel “Towards a Common Vision on Digital Preservation”
APA Conference 2012, Frascati
November 7 2012, 14:00– 15:30
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
“Towards a Common Vision on Digital Preservation”
Chair: Peter Doorn, DANS
Introduction: René van Horik, DANS
APARSEN Representatives:• Mariella Guercio, University of Rome• Simon Lambert, STFC• Juan Bicarregui, STFC
External Experts:• Miroslav Sirl, Czech digital preservation society• Thomas Risse, Leibniz Universität Hannover• Carlos Morais-Pires, EU eInfrastructures
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Program
1. Short introduction on APARSEN
2. Topic 1 Trust– Topic introduction
– Discussion
3. Topic 2 Common Vision– Topic introduction
– Discussion
4. Topic 3 Virtual Centre of Excellence1. Topic introduction
2. Discussion
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What is APARSEN?
• A Network of Excellence in digital preservation• Funded by European Commission
– 7th Framework Programme — Digital Libraries and Digital Preservation
• Runs January 2011 to December 2014 (4 years)• 31 Partners from 13 countries• Leading to a “Virtual Centre of Excellence”• Coordinated by Science and Technology Facilities Council
(UK)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Network of Excellence
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Approach of APARSEN
TRUST SUSTAINABILITY
USABILITY ACCESS
Stream 1 Integration
Stream 2 Technical research
Stream 3 Non-technical
research
Stream 4 Sustainable
uptake
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Co-ordinated by
aparsen.eu
“TRUST”
Why and how to reinforce confidence in digital repositories
APARSEN Panel
November 7 2012, 14:00 – 15:30
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
brochure on Trust
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
project deliverables on trust
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
APARSEN research papers for Stream 1 Trust
Interoperability Framework for Persistent Identifiers systemsMaurizio Lunghi, Emanuele Bellini, Chiara Cirinnà, Barbara Bazzanella,
Paolo Bouquet, David Giaretta and René van Horik Authenticity Management in Long Term Digital Preservation of Medical Records
Silvio Salza and Mariella Guercio Conversion and Emulation-aware Dependency Reasoning for Curation Services
Yannis Tzitzikas, Yannis Marketakis and Yannis Kargakis Curating the Specificity of Metadata while World Models Evolve
Yannis Tzitzikas, Anastasia Analyti and Mary Kampouraki On the Applicability of Workflow Management Systems for the Preservation of Business Processes
Stefan Proell, Rudolf Mayer and Andreas Rauber From cataloguing to digital curation: the role of libraries in data exchange
Susan K. Reilly
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
trust and its definition(s)http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/trust
1. a: assured reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something
b: one in which confidence is placed
2. a: dependence on something future or contingent: HOPE
….
5. a (1): a charge or duty imposed in faith or confidence or as a condition of some relationship (2): something committed or entrusted to one to be used or cared for in the interest of another
b : responsible charge or office
c: CARE, CUSTODY
— in trust: in the care or possession of a trustee
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
trust and digital preservation
• “A hope is more than resolve, and it is based on trust in a divine faithfulness that operates not only within history, but also beyond history” (John Polkinghorne, Times Literary Supplement, 3 May 2002)
• Trust in the (digital) world operates within history; it is related to concepts of place and responsibility; it implies trustful relationships between the entities (organizations and individuals) involved and mechanisms and services by which it can be established, implemented, promoted, verified
• These mechanisms cannot be limited to simple means of authentication commonly implemented because of their capacity of declaring the authenticity of a bitstream at one specific moment in time
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
trust cannot be blind or feel like and act of faith
• In the networked society questions related to trust are more challenging than in the past because of the distributed archives in the cloud
• In the digital environment the assumption for trusted preservation implies (is based on) the capacity of ensuring and documenting: – data accuracy: a question of truthfulness, exactness, precision or
completeness): it has to be assessed per se to govern the risks related to the transmission across space (between persons and/or systems) and time (between digital systems when upgraded or in case of migration)
– reliability of content information and provenance/context information when created: a responsibility of the producer
– authenticity: the digital identity and integrity are inferred from the circumstances of their maintenance and preservation thanks to “an unbroken chain of responsible and legitimate custody” which shifts from the producer to the trusted custodian (L. Duranti)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
trust in digital environment is based on movable responsibilities and trusted relationships
• Accuracy and authenticity are shifting responsibilities that move over time from the producer/data keeper to the trusted custodian/repository
• Because of the dynamic nature of the digital environment, these responsibilities must have an institutional nature and a complex and well defined structure: they need trusted relationships based on solid business principles, formalized agreements and accreditation processes
• Responsibilities and frameworks have to be evaluated periodically on formal basis, according to well stated recommendations by recognized auditors (to ensure impartiality and offer comparable and solid evidence)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
core elements for establishing trusted responsibilities for preservation
• reputation, based on the assessment of the trustee’s past actions and conduct;
• performance, which is the relationship between the trustee’s present actions and the conduct required to fulfill his or her current responsibilities as specified by the truster;
• competence, which consists of having the knowledge, skills, talents, and traits required to be able to perform a task to any given standard;
• confidence, which is an assurance of expectation of action and conduct the truster has in the trustee
– Piotr Sztompka, Trust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999, 6)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Audit & Certification: the basis for trusted responsibilities
• Metrics of trust (relevant to support the quality and the sustainability of the digital preservation and to certify digital repositories) still require to be defined in details but relevant steps have been defined and partially implemented:– Audit checklist (TRAC) – Basic Certification -> Data Seal of Approval (for small organizations)– Extended Certification -> Self-audit based on ISO 16363 DIN 31644– Formal Certification -> Full external audit and certification based on
ISO 16363 DIN 31644• The next step is the definition of a European framework for
audit and certification of digital repositories
www.trusteddigitalrepository.eu
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
APARSEN contribution
• Collection of details of a number of test audits based on ISO 16363 DIN 31644 and performed by members of the Primary Test Audit Board (PTAB):– Data Archiving And Networked Services – DANS (NL)
– UK Data Archive – UKDA
– Centre iNformatique National de l’enseignement Supérieur – CINES (FR)
– Socioeconomic Data and Application Center – SEDAC (US)
– Center for Earth Science Information, the National Space Science Data Center – NSSDC (US)
– Kentucky Department for Libraries and Archives – KDLA (US)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
findings from test audits
• The preparation of the test audit and certification implies a thorough analysis and documentation to define an overall picture for the repository
• The identification of strengths and gaps and the suggestion of improvements are valuable and instructive results for the repositories (more than the certification itself) and influence their medium term strategy (i.e. with reference to the collection of authenticity evidence)
• The full process can be practical and sustainable, but the methodology has to be detailed and the auditors adequately trained
• Auditors need tools and guidelines that help them conduct the Formal Certification with specific reference to handle the conflicts “between what the auditors sees, tests, reads, and is told” (APARSEN report)
• National standards and legislations should be taken into account • The issues related to the authenticity and the collection of related
evidence is always underestimated
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Discussion
• Statement 1: “Formal accredited auditors are a basic requirement to assess the trustworthiness of a digital repository”
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Co-ordinated by
aparsen.eu
Topic 2 “Common vision on digital preservation”
Simon Lambert
STFC [email protected]
APARSEN Panel
November 7 2012, 14:00 – 15:30
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What is a common vision, and why?
• A vision of the digital preservation “landscape”• Founded in the present but oriented to the future
– Leading to a research agenda
– Underpinning to a Virtual Centre of Excellence
• Unifying different perspectives
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What is “common” about the common vision?
• Two aspects:– Uniform: well-structured, coherent, systematically organised
– Shared: accepted, agreed, cooperative
• The language and the statements made in the language
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
How to structure the common vision
• Underpinning the “uniformity” dimension:– The threats to long-term preservation of PARSE.Insight
– OAIS
– Common terminology
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What sort of things make up the common vision?
• Approaches that work– Or appropriate for this but not that
• Open research questions• Promising directions• …
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
A typical method in APARSEN
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Two statements for discussion
• “A common vision should have two independent attributes: being uniform and being shared”
• “A common vision of digital preservation can only come about within specific domains”
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Network of Excellence
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Discussion
• Statement 1: “A common vision on digital preservation can only come about within specific domains”
• Statement 2: “A common vision should have two independent attributes: being uniform and being shared”
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
Co-ordinated by
aparsen.eu
APARSEN Panel Session: Virtual Centre of ExcellenceJuan Bicarregui, [email protected]
STFC
APA Conference, Frascati, 7 November 2012
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Structure
• Why have a VCoE?
• What is a VCoE?
• Key Questions for a VCoE?
• What can an APARSEN VCoE offer?
• Two Statements for Discussion
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Why have a VCoE?
• A Virtual Centre of Excellence is to be a key outcome of APARSEN:– “… to bring coherence, cohesion and continuity
to research into
barriers to the long-term accessibility and
usability of digital information and data,
exploiting our diversity
by building a long-lived
Virtual Centre of Digital Preservation Excellence.”
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What is a VCoE?
• According to APARSEN:– “A Virtual Centre of Excellence is a fairly new organizational
concept. Its aim is to bring the capabilities, knowledge and expertise together from diverse teams across geographical and organization boundaries to create something exemplary and distinguishable within its domain.”
– “The key to a successful VCOE is the vision which is shared by all members, including the knowhow and "know-why" of digital preservation. This know-how includes knowing who to ask about particular areas.”
• Examples of similar things: Open Planets Foundation, PrestoCentre, VCC-3D
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Key questions for a VCoE?
• What can it offer? (next slide)
• Who benefits from its activities? and how? (Inside/outside)
• How is it sustained? What is its lifetime?
• What is its relationship with its participating organisations?
• What is its relationship to other organisations? – (In particular to other coalitions/networks/alliances)
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
What can the APARSEN VCoE offer?
• Consultancy?
– including repository audit and certification services
• Preservation services?
• Training?
• Collaboration brokering?
• Research leadership?
• Outreach and/or evangelism?
Is this the key?
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Two statements for discussion
“The main reason for the VCoE’s existence is
to foster collaboration among is members”
“The ultimate goal of the VCoE is
to make itself redundant”
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Network of Excellence
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Key questions for a VCoE?
• What can it offer?
• Who benefits from its activities? and how? (Inside/outside)
• How is it sustained? What is its lifetime?
• What is its relationship with its participating organisations?
• What is its relationship to other organisations?
• The main reason for the VCoE’s existence is to foster
collaboration among is members
• The ultimate goal of the VCoE is to make itself redundant
APARSEN PanelAPA ConferenceFrascati, November 7 2012
Co-funded by the European Union under FP7-ICT-2009-6
aparsen.eu
Discussion
• Statement 1. “The main reason for the VCoE's existence to foster collaboration among its members”
• Statement 2: “The ultimate goals of the VCoE is to make itself redundant”