CO: Earth Systems ScienceLO: Identify and

describe Earth’s four spheres.

CO: Earth Systems ScienceLO: Identify and

describe Earth’s four spheres.

Earth’s Spheres…..Earth’s Spheres…..

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Earth System Science (ESS)

Earth System Science (ESS)

• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres

• A relatively new science (1988)

• The study of the interactions between and among events and Earth’s spheres

• A relatively new science (1988)

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Earth’s SpheresEarth’s Spheres

• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Lithosphere• Biosphere

• Atmosphere• Hydrosphere• Lithosphere• Biosphere

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AtmosphereAtmosphere

• A gaseous sphere that envelopes the Earth.

• Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

• A gaseous sphere that envelopes the Earth.

• Consists of a mixture of gases composed primarily of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. 44

HydrosphereHydrosphere

•All of the water on Earth•71% of the earth is covered by water and only 3% is freshwater!

•The other 97% is seawater!

•All of the water on Earth•71% of the earth is covered by water and only 3% is freshwater!

•The other 97% is seawater!55

LithosphereLithosphere

• The Earth's solid surface. Often called the crust of the earth.

• It includes the crust and a small part of the upper mantle.

• The Earth's solid surface. Often called the crust of the earth.

• It includes the crust and a small part of the upper mantle.

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BiosphereBiosphere

• All life on earth!• It extends from the ocean depths to the atmosphere above.

• Earth’s life zone distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.

• All life on earth!• It extends from the ocean depths to the atmosphere above.

• Earth’s life zone distinguishes our planet from the others in the solar system.

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Brainstorming-think/pair/share

Brainstorming-think/pair/share

T-Choose a sphere write down as many examples of things that are a part of that sphere on the left hand page of your journal

P-Compare your examples to the rest of your group. Add and delete as necessary

S-Share the group’s examples with the class

T-Choose a sphere write down as many examples of things that are a part of that sphere on the left hand page of your journal

P-Compare your examples to the rest of your group. Add and delete as necessary

S-Share the group’s examples with the class

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The Four Spheres

•Lithosphere – All processes associated with the solid earth•Hydrosphere – All processes associated with water•Atmosphere –All processes associated with the gases that envelope the earth•Biosphere – All processes that involve living organisms

Left Side Assignment:Draw, label and color this diagram into your journal on the left hand page opposite your notes on ESS.

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CO: Interconnected Spheres

LO: Describe the interactions between spheres in response to an event.

CO: Interconnected Spheres

LO: Describe the interactions between spheres in response to an event.

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Interconnected SpheresInterconnected Spheres• Spheres are closely connected

• Example;• Birds are a part of the ___?_____ sphere and fly

through the air which is the _____?_____sphere.• Water is in the _____?_____sphere flows through

the soil which is part of the _____ ?_____ sphere.• A change in one sphere results in changes in others.• Spheres are also effected by events on our planet.

• EVENT=changes within an ecosystem• Hurricanes, Floods, Tornados, Oil spills,

pollution.

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Interconnected SpheresInterconnected SpheresExample of an interaction: •EVENT: Forest fire

• destroys plants (biosphere)•Interactions between spheres in response

• No plants = increased erosion • Increased erosion = more soil in the water• Soil in water = increased turbidity of water

(how dirty it is)• Increased turbidity = Less oxygen available

to plants and animals.1414

Event Sphere InteractionsEvent Sphere Interactions• A cause and effect relationship between an event and a sphere.

• An event can cause changes and/or be the effect of changes to one or more of Earth’s spheres.

• A cause and effect relationship between an event and a sphere.

• An event can cause changes and/or be the effect of changes to one or more of Earth’s spheres.

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Sphere to Sphere Interactions

Sphere to Sphere Interactions• Interactions also

occur BETWEEN spheres.

• A change to one sphere can cause a change to another sphere.

• Interactions also occur BETWEEN spheres.

• A change to one sphere can cause a change to another sphere.

• There are ten possible interactions between spheres and events.

• There are ten possible interactions between spheres and events.

Draw this diagram onto the left hand page opposite your notes on sphere interactions. You must have 10 interactions or arrows.

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Topic: ESS AnalysisTarget: Identify the three steps in an ESS analysis.

Topic: ESS AnalysisTarget: Identify the three steps in an ESS analysis.• Events

– Have a cause and effect relationship to spheres

– Interactions occur because of an event•Natural events

– Earthquake, hurricane, forest firesOR

•Human caused events– Oil spill, air pollution, construction

• Events– Have a cause and effect relationship to spheres

– Interactions occur because of an event•Natural events

– Earthquake, hurricane, forest firesOR

•Human caused events– Oil spill, air pollution, construction

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ESS Analysis ESS Analysis You will identify three different types of interactions.•How did the event effect the sphere?

1. Event Sphere

You will identify three different types of interactions.•How did the event effect the sphere?

1. Event Sphere

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ESS Analysis ESS Analysis 2. How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres?

2.Sphere Sphere

2. How do changes in one sphere impact on other spheres?

2.Sphere Sphere

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ESS Analysis ESS Analysis • How did the sphere effect the event?

3. Sphere Event

• How did the sphere effect the event?

3. Sphere Event

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Understanding Interactions

Understanding Interactions

• Global implications– Helps people predict outcomes– Preparation for natural disasters

– Environmental impacts of human activities

• Global implications– Helps people predict outcomes– Preparation for natural disasters

– Environmental impacts of human activities

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ESS AnalysisESS Analysis

• An Example - homework– Yellowstone Forest Fire

• Group activity– Mt St Helen’s eruption, May 1980

– Hurricane Katrina, August 2005– Gulf Oil Spill, Summer 2010

• An Example - homework– Yellowstone Forest Fire

• Group activity– Mt St Helen’s eruption, May 1980

– Hurricane Katrina, August 2005– Gulf Oil Spill, Summer 2010

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