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1
External operations
Internal operations
•Facing
•Turning
•Grooving
•threading
•Drilling
•Grooving
•Boring
•Internal multiple turning
Prepared by
2
CODES
G00-Positioning in Rapid
G01-Linear Interpolation
G02-Circular Interpolation (CW)
G03-Circular Interpolation (CCW)
G04-Dwell
G07-Feed rate sine curve control
G10-Data setting
G11-Data setting cancel
G17-XY Plane
G18-XZ Plane
G19-YZ Plane
G20-Inch Units
G21-Metric Units
G22-Stored stroke check function ON
G23-Stored stroke check function OFF
G25-Spindle speed fluctuation detection OFF
G26-Spindle speed fluctuation detection ON
G27-Reference point return check
G28-Automatic Zero Return
G29-Return from Zero Return Position
G30-2nd reference point return
G31-Skip function
G32-Thread cutting
G34-Variable lead thread cutting
G36-Automatic tool compensation
G40-Tool Nose Radius
Compensation Cancel
G41-Tool Nose Radius
Compensation Left
G42-Tool Nose Radius
Compensation Right
G46-Automatic Tool Nose Radius
Compensation
G50-Coordinate system setting and maximum rpm
G52-Local coordinate system setting
G53-Machine coordinate system setting
G61-Exact stop check mode
3
G62-Automatic corner override
G63-Tapping mode
G64-Cutting mode
G65-User macro simple call
G66-User macro modal call
G67-User macro modal call cancel
G68-Mirror image for double turrets ON
G69-Mirror image for double turrets OFF
G70-Finishing Cycle
G71-Turning Cycle
G72-Facing Cycle
G73-Pattern repeating
G74-Peck Drilling Cycle
G75-Grooving Cycle
G76-Threading Cycle
G80-Canned cycle for drilling cancel
G83-Face Drilling Cycle
G84-Face Tapping Cycle
G86-Face Boring Cycle
G87-Side Drilling Cycle
G88-Side Tapping Cycle
G89-Side Boring Cycle
G90-Absolute Programming
G91-Incremental Programming
G92-Thread Cutting Cycle
G94-Endface Turning Cycle
G96-Constant surface speed control
G97-Constant surface speed control cancel
G98-Linear Feed rate Per Time
G99-Feed rate Per Revolution
G107-Cylindrical Interpolation
33
4
•Structure of program
•Cycles involved
-Facing-single(or Box),step,taper facing
-Turning-Box,multiple Turning,Taper Turning
-Sub programming
-Box turning ,Multiple Turning
-multiple facing
-Pattern Repeating cycle
-Multiple grooving
-Multiple Threading
contents
5
6
Structure of program •Start up of program
•Body of program
•End of program
7
Start up of programO1000
[ BILLET X20 Z60
G21/G20 G98/G99 G40
G50 S1800
G28 U0 W0
M06 T0101
M03/M04 S1000
G00 X21 Z1
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
BODY OF PROGRAM
8
Metal Cutting Parameters for XL-turn Lathe
Operations speed(rpm) feed(mm/min) depth of cut
(mm)
Turning 1000-1500 45-55 0.5-1
Grooving 600-800 15-25 0.25-0.5
Threading 300-350 - 0.03-0.04
9
FACING
10
Box /Single facing cycle(G94)
Syntax: G94 X Z F
X-diameter
Z-length of w.p
F-feedNo of cuts=4
ф22
2
11
[BILLET X22 Z70;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T01;
M03 S1500;
G00 X23 Z1;
G94 X0 Z-0.5 F30;
Z-1;
Z-1.5
Z-2G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30;]
ф22
2
12
Step Facing(G94)10Ф22
2
[BILLET X22 Z70;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T01;
M03 S1500;
G00 X23 Z1;
G94 X10 Z-0.5 F30;
Z-1;
Z-1.5
Z-2G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30;]
13
Taper facing(G94)
Syntax:
G94 X Z R F
Where
(X,Z)=Target points
R=Length of taper
F=Feed
5 2
10
14
[BILLET X22 Z70;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T01;
M03 S1500;
G00 X23 Z1;
G94 X10 Z-0.5 F30;
Z-1;
Z-1.5
Z-2
G28 U0 W0
G00 X22 Z-2;
G94 X10 Z-2 R-0.5 F30;
X10 R-1.0;
X10 R-1.5;
X10 R-2.0;
X10 R-2.5;
X10 R-3.0;
X10 R-3.5;
X10 R-4;
X10 R-4.5;
X10 R-5.0;G28 U0 W0;
M05;
M30;]
5 2
10
R
(X,Z)
15
Alternate method:X,z
G94 X21 Z-2 R-5 F35
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
X15
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
16
TURNING
17
BOX TURNING CYCLE(G90)
Syntax:
G90 X Z F
X-Diameter
Z-Length
F-feed
18
[BILLET X22 Z70;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T01;
M03 S1500;
G00 X23 Z1;
G90 X21 Z-20 F35;
X20;
X19;
X18;
X17;
X16
X15;
G28U0W0
M05
M30
15
20
19
MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE(G90)
15 15
1520 25
[BILLET X25 Z60;
G21 G98;
G28 U0 W0;
M06 T01;
M03 S1500;
G00 X26 Z1;
G90 X24 Z-30 F35;
X23;
X22;
X20;
X19 Z-15;
X18
X17;
X16
X15
G28U0W0
M05
M30
20
TAPER TURNING CYCLE(G90)
Syntax:
G90 X Z R F
R=Difference in radius=(D-d)/2
(X,Z)=Target PointR +ve
R -ve
CONVENTION
21
[BILLET X25 Z60;
2 box turning operations
G00 X25 Z-30;
G90 X25 Z-35 R-0.5 F35
X25 R-1;
X25 R-1.5;
X25 R-2.0
X25 R-2.5;
G28U0 W0;
M05;
M30;]
15 20 25
5 15 15
22
5 5
15 25
SUBPROGRAMMING
[BILLET X25 Z60
G21 G98
G28U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X25 Z0;
M98 P003333;
G28U0 W0
M05
M30]
23
[SUB PROGRAM O3333
G90 X25 W-5 R-0.5 F35
X25 R-1.0
X25 R-1.5
X25 R-2.0
X25 R-2.5
X25 R-3.0
X25 R-3.5
X25 R-4.0
X25 R-4.5
X25 R-5.0
G00 X25 W-5;
G90 X25 W-5 R0.5 F35
X23 R1.0
X22 R1.5
X21 R2.0
X20 R2.5
X19 R3.0
X18 R3.5
X17 R4.0
X16 R4.5
X15 R5.0
G00 X25 W-5;
M99;
24
MULTIPLE TURNING CYCLE(G71)
Syntax: G71 U R
G71 P Q U W F
U-Depth of cut, R-Retract
P-starting block number
Q-Ending block number
U-Finishing allowance in diameter(0.1)
W-Finishing allowance in length(0.1)
F-feed
25
10 10 10
15 20 25 30
p1p2
p3p4
p5p6
p7 Co-ordinates
P1=X15 Z0
P2= X15 Z-10
P3=X20 Z-10
P4=X20 Z-20
P5= X25 Z-20
P6=X25 Z-30
P7= X30 Z-30;
26
[BILLET X25 Z70
G21G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G71 U0.5 R1.0
G71 P1 Q10 U0.1 W0.1 F40
N1 G01 X15
G01 Z0
G01 X15 Z-10
G01 X20 Z-10
G01 X20 Z-20
G01 X25 Z-20
G01 X25 Z-30
N10 G01 X30 Z-30
G70 P1 Q10 S2000 F25
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30
27
.
28
MULTIPLE FACING CYCLE(G72)
Syntax:
G72 W R
G72 P Q U W F
W-depth of cut(0.5),R-retract
P-starting block number
Q-Ending block number
U-Finishing allowance in diameter(0.1)
W-Finishing allowance in length(0.1)
F-feed
example
p6
p1
p2
p3
p4 p5
29
Pattern Repeating Cycle(G73)Syntax:
G73 U W R
G73 P Q U W F
U-Total material removed radially i.e.., (D-d)/2
W-(0 for turning ) Relief in z- axis
R- Number of passes= 1cut(0.5) ofdepth
U
30
5.72
152
1025
U
1615.05.7
R passes
Co-ordinates:
P1=X10 Z0
P2 =X20 Z-10
P3=X20 Z-30
P4=X20 Z-45
P5=X20 Z-60,P6=X25 Z-65
5 15 15 20 10
1020 25
P1P2P3P4P5
P6
31
[BILLET X25 Z80
G21G98
G28U0 W0
M06 T01
M03 S1500
G00 X26 Z1
G73 U7.5 W0 R16
G73 P10 Q20 U0.1 W0.1 F35
N10 G01 X10
G01 Z0
G01 X20 Z-10
G01 X20 Z-30
G02 X20 Z-45 R7.5
G01 X20 Z-60
N20 G01 X25 Z-65
G70 P10 Q20 S2000 F25
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30]
32
GROOVING
33
MULTIPLE GROOVING(G75)Syntax:
G75 R R-Retract
G75 X Z P Q F
X-Root Diameter of groove
Z-Position of end of groove in x-axis
P-pecking/depth of cut in microns
Q-Shifting of tool in microns
F-feed
34
Ex:for single groove
55
15 22
[BILLET X22 Z50
G21G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02 2mm Grooving Tool
M03 S500
G00 X23 Z-7
G75 R1
G75 X15 Z-10 P100 Q1000 F15
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30;]
35
THREADING
36
37
P = Pitch = 1/Number of threads per inch (tpi)H = Angular Depth = 0.866025 x PH/8 = Shortening of major dia = 0.108253 x PH/4 = Shortening of minor dia = 0.216506 x Pd = Actual Depth = 0.541266 x Pr = Radius at the Root = 0.1443 x PHn = Basic height of Internal Thread = 0.54127 x PHs = Basic height of External Thread = 0.61344 x P
38
39
MULTIPLE THREADING CYCLE(G76)
Syntax:
G76 P Q R
G76 X Z P Q F
FIRST BLOCK:
Q-depth of cut for each pass
R-Finishing Allowance
SECOND BLOCK
X-Minor diameter(mm)
Z-Thread Length
P-Thread height (microns)
Q-Depth of cut for first pass in microns
F-Pitch of the thread
Ex Thread calculations for M32X1mm pitch
d=D-2P
P-thread height=0.613Xpitch of the thread
So d=32-2X0.613=30.774mm
40
[BILLET X32 Z70
G21 G98 -settings
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01 -load the tool
M03 S400
G00 X33 Z1 -Rapid positioning
G76 P031560 Q50 R0.015 -cuts the entire thread in one block
G76 X30.774 Z-12 P0613 Q100 F1
G28 U0 W0
M05 -program end
M30]
41
THREADING CYCLE(G92)
G92 X Z F
X-minor dia|
Z-thread lengthF-pitch
EX:M32x1 mm pitch
42
[BILLET X32 Z70
G21 G98 SETTINGS
G28 U0 W0
M06 T01 LOAD THE TOOL
M03 S400 SET THE SPINDLE SPEED
G00 X33 Z1 RAPID POSITON
G92 X31.8 Z-12 F1 FIRST THREADING CYCLE REMOVING 0.2mm MATERIAL
X31.7
X31.6
X31.5
X31.4
X31.3
X31.0
X30.9
X30.8
X30.774 FINAL CUT
G28 U0 W0 PROGRAM END
M05
M30]
43