CNC for CADCAM and Technology Students

CNC For

CAD/CAM and

Engineering Technology

Students Computer Numerical Programming for

Fanuc 18i & 21i

and

Anilam 5000 series

Controllers

Course Codes MET406 and CAM420

St. Clair College of Applied Arts and Technology

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Revised August 2005 by Brian LaBombard

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOPIC: PAGE:

Coordinate Words and the Controlled Axes 5

CNC Program Line Syntax for Anilam 5300 and Fanuc 18i & 21i 7

Absolute and Incremental Programming, G90 & G91.. 10

Coordinate Preset Programming, G92 and G54 to G59........................................................ 11

Linear Interpolation, G00 (G0) & G01 (G1) 12

Program Openings and Program Closings.... 14

Circular or Arc Interpolation, G02 (G2) & G03 (G3).. 15

Tool Radius Compensation, G39, G40, G41, G42 18

Offset Memory Locations, H & D (used for tool radius & tool length compensation). 21

Automatic/Manual Tool Changes, M6, T... 21

Tool Length Compensation, G43, G44, G49.... 22

FANUC Fixed Cycles, G73, G74, G76, G80-G89 .... 23

ANILAM Fixed Cycles for DRILLING, G79, G179, G80-G89.. 54

ANILAM Fixed Cycles for MILLING, G45, G49, G73, G75-G78, G169, G177-G178............. 56-57, 69

Subprograms and Subroutines, M98, M99.... 80

Appendix A List of `G' and `M' codes ANILAM and FANUC. 85

Appendix B Charts and Tables for Feeds Speeds Tap Drill sizes etc. 133


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COORDINATE WORDS AND CONTROLLED AXES

When referring to the diagram below the:

X = the longitudinal movement of the machine table or the diameter size on the lathe Y = the cross feed movement of the machine saddle Z = the vertical movement of the machine head or the depth along the length of a round part. A, B, C or U, V, W or I, J, K = rotary axes On a milling machine the movements illustrated designate the movement of the spindle with relationship to the workpiece and DO NOT associate to table movement. For example, moving the milling machine spindle X+ would move the cutting tool to the right (the table movement would be to the left). Programming lathe movement also considers the movement of the cutting tool and not the movement of the workpiece.


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COORDINATE WORDS AND CONTROLLED AXES Methods used to control 4th and 5th axes

Machine Head Rotation

Combination of machine head movement and rotary table

Rotary Table performs all rotation


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CNC PROGRAM LINE SYNTAX Fanuc 18i/21i and Anilam 5000M

Although each machine tool controller has similar abilities and uses much the same programming to perform a particular task, the format or syntax used to direct each machine will vary. Each CNC program consists of a number of program lines (blocks). Each block consists of one or more words. A CNC word consists of and Address + a number (e.g. X-1000.5). An address MUST be an upper case letter from A to Z which defines the number that follows. The same address may have different meanings depending on the preparatory function (G code) specified.


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Major addresses and the range of values specific to each address are shown below.


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PROGRAM COMPONENTS OTHER THAN PROGRAM SECTIONS

Explanations

Data Start

Leader Section

Program Start

Program End

Data End

This section describes program components other than program sections. One or more programs may be saved in a file using the following configuration. Leader section Fanuc Start of Data % (TITLE) ; Program start with LF+CR O word O0001 ... ; (the semi colon is displayed) .. .. .. N0025.. (COMMENT) Program Comment Fanuc [COMMENT] Program Comment Anilam .. .. N0050 M30 or M2; Program end M30 or M2 O word O0002 ; Second program start .. .. .. N0050 M99; Subprogram end with M99 Fanuc ONLY % End of Data The program start is identified by a percent sign (%) and indicates the start of a file that contains NC program(s). Data entered before the programs in a file constitutes a leader section. A leader section generally contains information such as a file header. A leader section can contain any codes except the EOB (end-of-block or ;) code. The program start code is to be entered immediately after a leader section, that is, immediately before a program section. This code indicates the start of a program, and is always required to disable the label skip function. Program start = a Line Feed (LF) plus a carriage Return (CR) usually looks like a semi-colon (;) at the end of a program line. The program end code (M30 or M99) followed by a LF + CR indicate the end of program data but not necessarily the end of all data. The end of data symbol (%) is to be placed at the end of a file containing NC program(s).


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ABSOLUTE AND INCREMENTAL MACHINE MOVEMENTS (G90 AND G91)

One of initial decisions that must be made when programming NC/CNC movements is whether to use absolute (ABS) or incremental (INC), or both as the dimensioning system(s) for your machining process. Consider the following:

More ease in writing the program if you select the dimensioning system used on the print. Complex math calculations can sometimes be avoided by switching dimensioning systems. Tolerance factors on the part to be produced.

ABSOLUTE: When a G90 command is entered in a program block, all further machine movements are performed as an absolute value. When the dimensions for each hole, or part configuration position, are indicated from a particular origin, reference plane, work face, or datum line, we are said to be in an absolute mode. This code is modal.

In the example shown here, the lower left corner is the origin of all programming dimensions.

INCREMENTAL: When a G91 command is entered in a program block, all further movements are performed as an incremental value. When the dimensions for each hole, or part configuration position, are indicated by the pitch or distance from one to the next, we are said to be in incremental mode. This code is modal.

In the example shown here, the pitch from one to the next indicates the holes position.


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COORDINATE PRESETS (G54 G59 and G92)

The G54 command is commonly used for single and multiple fixtures mounted on the machine table to produce one or more parts with a single program. The G54 command has values entered in the X Y and Z registers at the machine controller that represent the Zero position of the first fixture/workpiece mounted on the machine table relative to the machine zero position. G55, through G59 represent the fixture/workpiece locations illustrated below. The second diagram illustrates moving ALL the offsets an equal amount by entering an external offset.

Workpiece Workpiece Workpiece Workpiece Workpiece Coordinate system Coordinate system Coordinate system Coordinate system Coordinate system Number 1 Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Number 5 G54 (G53 O1) G55 (G53 O2) G56 (G53 O3) G57 (G53 O4) G58 (G53 O5) Workpiece Coordinate system EXOFS Number 6 G59 (G53 O6)

Machine Zero The syntax used of the Anilam 5500M controller is as follows; G53 O3, where O3 represents a memory register that contains the distance from machine home to the program origin. Anilam has 99 such offsets. No movement takes place on this line. It must be followed by an X and Y move to active the offset. Example Fanuc N10 G54 X__ Y__ Z__ M3 S1200 (G54 - establishes the program origin relative to the machine home

position on all 3 axes, M3 sets the spindle rotation to clockwise, S1200 - set the spindle speed to 1200R.P.M.'s )

Anilam N25 G53 O1 (Activates Fixture Offset number 1 which locates the part from the machines HOME position) N30 X__ Y____M3 S_____ (Move to a position and start spindle in clockwise direction at a specified

R.P.M.)


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LINEAR INTERPOLATION (G00 AND G01)

Rapid Traverse Positioning: (G00 or G0)

Positioning is done in the rapid traverse mode using the following command in a program line or block.

G0 X..... Y..... Z.....; (the colon (;) indicates a line feed (LF) plus a carriage return(CR))

With this command, up to 3 axes can be controlled simultaneously. The tool path is linear from the start point to the end point, thus, the name linear interpolation rapid.

A typical G00 (rapid) move

End Point 450

Start Point X, Y and Z are final point coordinate values and may be designated in either incremental or absolute. The feedrate is controlled by a preset rapid traverse in the range of 150 to 1100 i.p.m. depending on the machine tool. G00, G90 and G91 commands are modal under most conditions.

Feed Rate Positioning: (G01 or G1)

This positioning is done using a G code and a feedrate code (F). These 2 codes are said to be associative. e.g. G1 X..... Y..... Z..... F...(F indicates the rate of feed in inches/min. of m.m./min.) This command is for linear interpolation by cutting feed and up to 3 axes can be controlled simultaneously.


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LINEAR INTERPOLATION (G00 AND G01)

Listed below are 2 examples of linear interpolation using the G00 and G01 commands. Here is an example of a simple XY linear Interpolation move.

(G91) G01 X150.0 Y100.0 F200.0

Y axis

100.00 (End point)

X axis 0, 0 (Start point) 150.00

Feedrate move for rotation axis C. (FANUC only) G91 G01 C-90.0 G300.0

(Start point) 900

(End point) Feedrate of 300 deg. /min.


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PROGRAM OPENINGS AND CLOSINGS We can now begin assembling some of the basic information we have gathered and make a working program. We will begin with a SAFETY LINE to ensure a controlled program start. We will use a complete safety line in this example. Along with cancelling any special programming techniques the choice of a machining plane and absolute or incremental programming is established. We set a work coordinate offset to tell our machine how far the PROGRAM ORIGIN is from the MACHINE ZERO (G54 G59). Once a number of these things have been defined we can tell the machine to move. A typical program opening for a single cutting tool program may look like this. Fanuc 18i/21i Programming % O1234 (program number) N5 G0 G17 G40 G80 G90/91 (G0 - sets rapid, G17 - sets XY plane for circular interpolation, G40 - cancels

tool radius compensation, G49 cancels tool length compensation, G80 cancels drilling cycles and G90 or G91 is set for ABSolute or Incremental)

N10 G54 X__ Y__ M3 S1200 (G54 moves the machine to a program position relative to the machine home position on X and Y. M3 sets the spindle rotation to clockwise, S1200 - set the spindle speed to 1200R.P.M.'s )

N15 G43 Z___ H1 (G43 - tool length compensation, Z - rapid move. The tool length is found at offset H1) N20 G1 Z___ F___ (Changes to a G1 feedrate move on Z) NOTE: In the above example N10 and N15 may be reversed depending on the machining operation required. A program closing returns the machine to all of its default values. This involves cancelling any special functions that may have been used during the program, e.g. tool radius compensation, tool length compensation, fixed cycles and so on. N36 (G80) G91G28 Z____ (the brackets around the G80 and G40 commands indicate they are optional) N37 (G40) G28 X____ Y____ N38 M30 %


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PROGRAM OPENINGS AND CLOSINGS

Anilam 5500M Controller Program opening O4321 N5 G0 G17 G40 G70 G80 G90 M5 (set rapid, XY plane, cancel tool radius compensation, inches and

ABSolute, set tool number to 0, and turn off the spindle) N15 T0 Z0 (Cancel tool length compensation and move to machine Z0, tool change

position) N20 T1 (Stops program execution to insert tool , picks up tool radius and length from

Tools page) N25 G53 O1 (Activates Fixture Offset number 1 which locates the part from the machines HOME position) N30 X__ Y____M3 S_____ (Move to start point and start spindle in clockwise direction at a specified

R.P.M.) N35 Z1. (Rapid to 1 inch above the part) N40 G1 Z_____ F____ (Feed down to cutting depth) Program closing N155 G0 Z.5 M5 (Raise Z axis above the part and turn off spindle) N160 X____ Y_____ (Move to a position to unload part, e.g. X-3. Y3.) N165 G53 O0 (Cancels Fixture Offsets) N170 T0 Z0 M9 (return Z to tool change position and turn off water) N175 M2 (end of program cycle)


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CIRCULAR OR ARC INTERPOLATION (G02 & G03 or G2 & G3)

Fanuc 18i/21i and Anilam 5500M Programming Circular interpolation can be performed on the following combinations of axes.

G2/G3 X....Y....I....J....F.... or G2/G3 X....Y....R....F.... G2/G3 X....Z....I....K....F.... or G2/G3 X....Z....R....F.... G2/G3 Y....Z....J....K....F.... or G2/G3 Y....Z....R....F....

The I, J, K can be replaced with `R' if the radius size is known. X, Y and Z are coordinate values of the END POINT of the arc and can be designated in either incremental or absolute values. I, J and K are coordinate values of the CENTRE of the arc as viewed from the START POINT of the arc and must ALWAYS be designated as INCREMENTAL VALUES. R refers to the actual radius size and is not related to any coordinate system Refer to the illustrations below for the relationship of the coordinates. G2 = Clockwise rotation of the arc (CW) G3 = Counter clockwise rotation (CCW)

Y X Z G03 G03 G03

G02 G02 G02 X Z Y G17 G18 G19 Y X Z X I Z K Y J End End End

Start Start Start J I K Arc Center Arc Center Arc Center Selection of the arc plane is done by using the G17-G19 commands and then programming the arc using the correct X, Y, or Z axes. Also using the standard F command can perform the selection of the feed rate; however the modal feedrates established by G01 are also valid. It is possible to designate arcs larger than 90 degrees or 1 quadrant in a program line. Full circles can be machined as easily as the examples shown below. A full circle cannot be accomplished with the 'R' address.

G2/G3 X0Y0I1. G2/G3 J2.


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CIRCULAR OR ARC INTERPOLATION

Here is a typical program line for performing a simple arc movement in the incremental mode.

Here is a typical program line for performing a simple arc movement in the absolute mode.


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CIRCULAR OR ARC INTERPOLATION

The following example shows a typical program line used in developing an arc other than 90 degrees. Using INCremental programming and designating I and J for the arc center the program line to machine this arc would be: G91 G3 X.5559 Y.7244 I-.1941 J.7244 OR G91 G3 X.5559 Y.7244 R.75

The use of the address R for radius can be specified with an R or R- to develop arcs larger than 180 degrees. This syntax is explained below. ARC 1 less than 1800. ARC 2 greater than 1800 G91 G2 X45.0 Y35.0 R50.0 F300.0 G91 G2 X45.0 Y35.0 R-50.0 F300.0 End point 50 mm radius End point R- uses this center 50 mm radius Start point R+ uses this center Start point


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TOOL RADIUS COMPENSATION (G40, G41 & G42)

Tool radius compensation is used to move a tool off of a programmed tool path approximately the radius, or on some machines the diameter, size of the tool. A G address and a D address on the same line are used to accomplish this. Engaging tool radius compensation creates a movement to a 900 vector position, relative to the next programmed X and/or Y direction.

CODE FUNCTION G40 (modal) Cancel Tool radius compensation G41 (modal) Tool radius compensation left G42 (modal) Tool radius compensation right

NOTE: 1. When the machine is powered up, G40 is the system default. 2. The D address with a number represents a register location (on the machine) where the amount of compensation can be found. The radius/diameter size of the cutter is entered at the CNC control by the operator. Therefore the radius/diameter value of the cutter is never found in the program. e.g. G1G41X____Y____D12. The amount of radius/diameter compensation would be determined by the value placed in the controller at register D12.

In the diagram below, to cut the shape of A, with a tool of radius R, the path of the tool is indicated by B, a path removed from A by the distance R. This placement of the cutting tool is called OFFSET or RADIUS COMPENSATION.

NOTE: The controller when calculating its tool position, creates a positioning vector. This vector is equal to the value of the offset,(e.g. D5=.25) and is created at 90 deg. to the next programmed G0, G1, G2 or G3 X and Y movement direction in the program. The controller moves the centre of the cutting tool to the end of the vector during a programmed 'dummy move' move. Once tool radius compensation is engaged it remains modal until a G40 with an X and/or Y move cancels compensation.


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G41 (compensation left), G42 (compensation right) Used in G00 and G01 mode.

G0/G1 G41/G42 X....Y....D.... (Fanuc 18i and 21i, where D refers to an offset location on tools page) G0/G1 G41/G42 X....Y....R.... (Anilam 550M, where R refers to the actual radius of the tool)

The controller will look ahead (2 lines for Fanuc, as many as necessary for Anilam) in the program to find the next direction of movement in X and/or Y. If no X and/or Y move is found, NO compensation is engaged until an X and/or Y move is read. For this reason it is important to follow a G41or G42dummy move with a program line containing an X and/or Y. When G41/G42 is specified with an X and/or Y move of at least the cutter radius size offset mode is activated+. In the case of G41/G42 when used with G00/G01 they work in combination to make a vector at the left (G41) or right (G42) at right angles to the direction of the next X and/or Y move, and moves the tool centre to the end of the vector from the starting point.

NOTES:

1. In the absence of X and Y on the G41/G42 line no movement occurs until a following block provides movement. Therefore no compensation is established until a movement occurs.

2. The start-up and cancellation of tool radius compensation CANNOT be executed on a program line where G2 or G3 are modal. Starting or cancelling compensation must be programmed using a modal G0 or G1. Once compensation is established arcs are cut automatically with the tool offset as described below.


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G41 (compensation left), G42 (compensation right) Used in the G02/G03 mode. G02/G03 X....Y....R....; (A G41 or G42 command is NOT ALLOWED on this line!) Tool radius compensation MUST already be engaged before designating an arc. Tool radius comp. cannot be designated with an arc. Therefore G0 and G1 must be used to start Tool Radius Comp. and then arcs may be cut without any changes to programming syntax.

Example of linear-to-linear move

Example of linear-to-arc move


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H&D OFFSET MEMORY LOCATIONS (H1 to H32 and D1 to D32) Fanuc ONLY

The H and D codes in addition to an address number (1 to 32) can be used for designating an offset value location for the length of a cutting tool using an 'H', or the radius/diameter of a cutting tool using a D.

1. The H address is used for the designation of Tool Length Compensation. 2. The D address is used for the designation of Tool Radius Compensation. 3. Some controllers allow ONLY 1 value in each of the 32 memory registers. Therefore if H1 contains a

value for tool length compensation then you are unable to use D1 for tool radius compensation as it would use the tool length compensation value. For example, D13 and H13 are the actually the same memory location on the controller and each of the 32 registers can be used only once.

4. Still other controllers offer the ability to enter 2 values per register number and therefore tool length compensation and a tool radius compensation values can have the same register number. e.g. H1 and D1 would automatically use the correct values for both length and radius compensation.

5. Only one (1) offset number command can be designated in one (1) block or program line on the Fanuc. Both an H and a D are allowed on the same program line on the.

AUTOMATIC/MANUAL TOOL CHANGES

When a program uses more than 1 cutting tool the H offset memory location is used in conjunction with TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION to register the difference in the length of cutting tools being used. In addition, most CNC machines MUST be located at the HOME position on the Z axis to perform an automatic tool change.

Automatic tool change programming is shown below.

The CNC machine will use the tool change sequence but it can be performed much easier on the as shown below.

Fanuc 18i and 21i

N55 M6 T2 (Move the spindle rapidly to Home position on Z, unloads current tool and loads tool specified) N60 G0 G43 Z1. H2 (Introduces tool length compensation using the value registered at H2 Anilam 5500M with manual tool change N100 G0 Z.5 M5 (Raise Z axis above part and turn off spindle) N115 T0 Z0 (cancel tool length compensation and return Z to tool change position) N105 X____ Y_____ (Move to a position to unload part, e.g. X-3. Y3.) N120 T2 (Change to next tool) N130 X__ Y____M3 S_____ (Move to start point and start spindle in clockwise direction at a specified

R.P.M.) N135 Z1. (Rapid to 1 inch above the part) N140 G1 Z_____ F____ (Feed down to cutting depth)


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TOOL LENGTH COMPENSATION (G43 G44 & G49)

Tool Length Compensation is used to adjust the Z-axis to allow for the different lengths of cutting tools when programming multiple tool programs. The H address and a register number are used to point to the location of the tools length. The H offset number remains modal throughout the use of the tool. G43: Tool length compensation + plus. G44: Tool length compensation - minus. G49: Tool length compensation cancel. (Generally not used in programming) The H number is modal and if no H designation is in the G43 command, the H number previously used is called. When a tool change is performed the G43/G44 command must be designated again with a new H offset number to identify the length of the new tool. Program command H Offset value entered at the CNC machine G91/G90 Tool length comp. movements are the same for G90 or G91 G0 G43 Z25. H11 H11 = 200 G0 G43 Z25. H15 H15 = 190 G0 G43 Z25. H31 H31 = 150 In the above examples the amount of movement of the Z axis would be different each time using the offset values to the right, however each tool would arrive at a position 25.0 mm above the part surface. Tool length compensation can ONLY be used during G0 or G1 machine movements NOT G2 or G3


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FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLES (G73, G74, G76, G80-G89) CANNED CYCLE

Canned cycles make it easier for the programmer to create programs. With a canned cycle, a frequently used machining operation can be specified in a single block with a G function; without canned cycles, normally more than one block is required. In addition, the use of canned cycles can shorten the program to save memory. These canned cycles are listed below.


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FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS

Explanations

Plane Selection

Drilling Axis

A canned cycle consists of a sequence of six operations. Operation 1 positioning of X and Y axes (or other axes) Operation 2 Rapid traverse down to point R level Operation 3 Hole machining takes place Operation 4 Operation at the bottom of hole takes place Operation 5 Retraction to point R level Operation 6 Rapid traverse up to the initial level NOTE: Steps 5 and 6 are return movements to different heights above the part and are controlled by the G98 and G99 commands.

The positioning plane is determined by the plane selection codes G17, G18 and G19 The positioning axis is any axis other than the drilling axis. The term drilling will be used to define all the machining performed by these canned cycles which include tapping, boring, counterboring, countersinking etc. The drilling axis is any basic axis (X, Y, or Z) that is not considered a positioning axis and is commanded in the same program line as the drilling G code (G73, G74, G76, G81 G89)


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Travel distance along the drilling axis Drilling Mode

The travel distance along the drilling axis varies from G90 and G91 as follows. G73, G74, G76, and G81 to G89 are modal G codes and remain in effect until cancelled. When any of these G codes are in effect, the current state is the drilling mode. Once drilling data is specified in the drilling mode, the data is retained; until modified or cancelled. Specify all necessary drilling data at the beginning of canned cycles; when canned cycles are being performed, specify data modifications only


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Return point level G98/G99 Repeat Cancel

When the tool reaches the bottom of a hole, the tool may be returned to the point R or the initial level. These operations are specified with G98 and G99. The following illustrates how the tool moves when G98 and G99 is specified. Generally, G99 is used for the first drilling operation and G98 is used for the last drilling operation.

The initial level does not change even when drilling is performed in the G99 mode. To repeat drilling for equally-spaced holes, specify the number of repeats using the address K__. K is effective only within the block where it is specified. Specify the first hole position in incremental mode (G91). If it is specified in absolute mode (G90), drilling is repeated at the same position. Number of repeats = K the maximum command value = 999

To cancel a canned cycle, use G80 or a group 01 G code (G0 G3)


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High-speed Peck Drilling Cycle (G73) Syntax

This cycle performs high-speed peck drilling. It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the hole.

NOTE: The d indicates a retract distance set by parameter.


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Explanations Limitations

Axis switching

Drilling

Q/P

Cancel

Tool Offset Example

The high-speed peck drilling cycle performs intermittent feeding along the Z-axis. When this cycle is used, chips can be removed from the hole easily, and a smaller value can be set for retraction. This allows, drilling to be performed efficiently. Set the clearance, d, in parameter 5114. The tool is retracted in rapid traverse. Before specifying G73, start spindle rotation using a miscellaneous function (M code). When the G73 code and the M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the same time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When tool length offset (G43, G49, or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled using G80. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify Q and P in blocks that perform drilling. If they are specified in a block that does not perform drilling they cannot be stored as modal data. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60) and a G73 in a single block. Otherwise the G73 will be cancelled. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S2000; start spindle G90 G99 G73 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-100. Q15. F120.

Position to/drill hole 1 and return to point R Y-550. Position to/drill hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position to/drill hole 2 and return to point R X-1000. Position to/drill hole 2 and return to point R Y-550. Position to/drill hole 2 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position to/drill hole 2 and return to point R G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 M5 Return to Machine Home and stop

spindle


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FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Left-handed Tapping Cycle (G74) Syntax Explanations

This cycle performs left-handed tapping. In the left-handed tapping cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle rotates clockwise.

Tapping is performed by turning the spindle counterclockwise. When the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated clockwise for retraction. This creates a reverse thread. A left handed tap is necessary. Feedrate overrides are ignored during a tapping cycle. A feed hold does not stop the machine until the return operation is complete. Before specifying G74, use a miscellaneous function (M04) to rotate the spindle counterclockwise. When the G74 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


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FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Limitations

Axis switching

Drilling

P

Cancel

Tool Offset Examples

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify P in blocks that perform drilling. If it is specified in a block that does not perform drilling, it cannot be stored as modal data. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G74 tapping cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M4 S100 start spindle counterclockwise G90 G99 G74 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. F120.

Position, tap hole 1 and return to point R Y-550. Position, tap hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, tap hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, tap hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, tap hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, tap hole 6 and return to initial

level G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 Cancel drilling cycle and return to

machine-home position in incremental M5 Stop spindle


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FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Fine Boring Cycle (G76) Syntax

The fine boring cycle bores a hole precisely. When the bottom of the hole is reached, the spindle stops and the tool is moved away from the machined surface of the workpiece and retracted.


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Explanations Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

P/Q

Cancel Tool offset

Examples

When the bottom of the hole is reached the spindle is stopped at the fixed rotation position and the tool is moved in the direction opposite to the tool tip and retracted. This ensures that the machined surface is not damaged and enables precise and efficient boring to be performed. Before specifying G76 start the spindle with an M code (M3). When the G76 command and an M code are executed in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only. For the remaining holes the M code is not executed. When tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R. Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Be sure to specify a positive value in Q. If Q is specified with a negative value the sign is ignored. Set P and Q in a block that performs boring. If they are specified in a non-boring cycle the values are not stored as modal. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G76 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S500 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G76 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. Q5. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R,

orient at hole bottom, then shift 5mm. P1000 F120. Stop at bottom of hole for 1 second. Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial

level G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 Cancel drilling cycle and return to machine-

home position in incremental M5 Stop spindle


34


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Drilling Cycle, Spot Drilling G81 Syntax Explanation

This cycle is used for regular drilling. Cutting feed is performed to the bottom of the hole. After rapid positioning along the X and Y axes, rapid traverse continues along Z to point R.

Drilling is performed from point R to the hole bottom (point Z). The tool is retracted in rapid traverse. Before specifying G81, use an M code to start the spindle (M3) When the G81 command and an M code are specified in the same block the M code is executed at the time or the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed on the first hole and the spindle stays running throughout the sequence. When tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) are specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


35


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Restrictions

Axis Switching

Drilling

Cancel

Tool Offset Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G76 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S500 start spindle counterclockwise G90 G99 G81 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-100. F120. Position, drill hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, drill hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, drill hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, drill hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, drill hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, drill hole 6 and return to initial




36


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Drilling Cycle, Counter Boring Cycle (G82) Syntax Explanation

This cycle is used for standard drilling. Cutting feed is performed to the bottom of the hole. At the bottom, a dwell may be performed, and then the tool is retracted in rapid traverse. This cycle is used to drill hole more accurately with respect to depth.

After positioning along the X and Y axes, rapid traverse is performed to point R. Drilling is then performed from point R to point Z (hole depth). When the bottom of the hole is reached a dwell may be performed. The tool is then retracted in rapid traverse. Before specifying G82, start the spindle with an M code (M3). When the G82 command and an M code are specified in the same block the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning move. The system then proceeds to the next drilling move. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed on the first hole and the spindle stays running throughout the sequence. When tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) are specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


37



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

P

Cancel

Tool offset Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify P in blocks that contain drilling. If it is specified in a block that does not contain drilling the data is not held as modal. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G82 drilling cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S500 start spindle counterclockwise G90 G99 G82 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-100. P1000 F120. Position, drill hole 1, dwell for 1 second at

bottom of the hole, then return to point R, Y-550. Position, drill hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, drill hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, drill hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, drill hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, drill hole 6 and return to initial




38



Peck Drilling Cycle (G83) Syntax Explanation

This cycle performs peck drilling. It performs intermittent cutting feed to the bottom of a hole while removing chips from the hole.

Q represents the depth of the cut for each cutting feed (peck). It must always be specified as and incremental value. In the second and subsequent cutting feeds, rapid traverse is performed up to a d point just before where the last drilling ended and cutting feed is performed again (d is set by parameter). Q must be set to a positive value. However, negative values are ignored. Before specifying G83, start the spindle with an M code (M3). When the G83 command and an M code are specified in the same block the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed on the first hole and the spindle stays running throughout the sequence. When tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) are specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


39



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

Q

Cancel

Tool offset Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify Q in blocks that contain drilling. If it is specified in a block that does not contain drilling the data is not held as modal. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G82 drilling cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S500 start spindle counterclockwise G90 G99 G83 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-100. Q15. F120. Position, drill hole 1, dwell for 1 second at

bottom of the hole, then return to point R, Y-550. Position, drill hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, drill hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, drill hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, drill hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, drill hole 6 and return to initial




40


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Right-handed Tapping Cycle (G84) Syntax Explanations

This cycle performs right-handed tapping. In the right-handed tapping cycle, when the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle rotates counterclockwise.

Tapping is performed by turning the spindle clockwise. When the bottom of the hole has been reached, the spindle is rotated counterclockwise for retraction. This creates a standard thread. Feedrate overrides are ignored during a tapping cycle. A feed hold does not stop the machine until the return operation is complete. Before specifying G84, use a miscellaneous function (M03) to rotate the spindle counterclockwise. When the G84command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


41


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Limitations

Axis switching

Drilling

P

Cancel

Tool Offset Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify P in blocks that perform drilling. If it is specified in a block that does not perform drilling, it cannot be stored as modal data. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G84 tapping cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S100 start spindle counterclockwise G90 G99 G84 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. P300 F120.

Position, tap hole 1 and return to point R Y-550. Position, tap hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, tap hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, tap hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, tap hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, tap hole 6 and return to initial

level G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 Cancel drilling cycle and return to

machine-home position in incremental M5 Stop spindle


42



Boring Cycle (G85) Syntax Explanation

This cycle is used to bore a hole.

After positioning along the X and Y axes, rapid traverse to point R is performed. Boring is performed form point R to point Z (hole depth). When point Z is reached cutting feed is performed to return to point R, Before specifying G85 use an M code to turn on the spindle (M3). When the G85 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


43



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

Cancel Tool offset

Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G85 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S100 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G85 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. F120. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial

level G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 Cancel boring cycle and return to machine-



44


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Boring Cycle (G86) Syntax Explanation


After positioning along the X and Y axes, rapid traverse to point R is performed. Boring is performed form point R to point Z (hole depth). When point Z is reached cutting feed is performed to return to point R, Before specifying G86 use an M code to turn on the spindle (M3). When the G86 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


45



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

Cancel Tool offset

Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G86 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S100 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G86 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. F120. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial




46



Back Boring Cycle (G87) Syntax

Explanation

This cycle performs accurate boring.

After positioning along the X and Y axes the spindle is stopped at the fixed rotation position (spindle orientation position). The tool is moved in the direction opposite to the tool tip; positioning (rapid traverse) is performed to the bottom of the hole (point R). The tool is then shifted in the direction of the tool tip and the spindle is rotated clockwise. Boring is performed in the positive direction along the Z axis until point Z is reached. At point Z the spindle is stopped at the fixed rotation position again, the tool is shifted in the direction opposite to the tool tip, and then the tool is returned to the initial level. The tool is then shifted in the direction of the tool tip and the spindle is rotated clockwise to proceed to the next block operation. Before specifying G87 start the spindle with an M code (M3). When the G87 command and an M code are executed in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only. For the remaining holes the M code is not executed. When tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of positioning to point R.


47



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

P/Q

Cancel

Tool offset Examples

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Be sure to specify a positive value in Q. If Q is specified with a negative value the sign is ignored. Set P and Q in a block that performs boring. If they are specified in a non-boring cycle the values are not stored as modal. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G76 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S500 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G87 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-150. Q5. Position, bore hole 1, orient at initial level,

then shift 5mm. P1000 F120. Stop at bottom of hole for 1 second. Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 X1000. Position, bore hole 4 Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 G80 G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0 Cancel drilling cycle and return to machine-



48



Boring Cycle (G88) Syntax Explanation


After positioning along the X and Y axes, rapid traverse to point R is performed. Boring is performed from point R to point Z (hole depth). When boring is complete a dwell is performed, then spindle is stopped. The tool is manually retracted for the bottom of the hole (point Z) to point R. At point R the spindle is started clockwise and rapid traverse is performed to the initial level. Before specifying G88 use an M code to turn on the spindle (M3). When the G88 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


49



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

Cancel Tool offset

Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G85 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S2000 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G88 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-100. P1000 F120. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial




50


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Boring Cycle (G89) Syntax Explanation


This cycle is the same as G85. The difference is that this cycle performs a dwell at the bottom of the hole. Before specifying G89 use an M code to turn on the spindle (M3). When the G89 command and an M code are specified in the same block, the M code is executed at the time of the first positioning operation. The system then proceeds to the next drilling operation. When K is used to specify the number of repeats, the M code is executed for the first hole only; for the second and subsequent holes, the M code is not executed. When a tool length offset (G43, G44 or G49) is specified in the canned cycle, the offset is applied at the time of the positioning to point R.


51



Limitations

Axis switching

Boring

P

Cancel

Tool offset Example

Before the drilling axis can be changed, the canned cycle must be cancelled. In a block that does not contain X, Y, Z, R, or any other axes, drilling is not performed. Specify P in blocks that perform drilling. If it is specified in a block that does not perform drilling, it cannot be stored as modal data. Do not specify a G code of the 01 group (G0 to G3 or G60). This will cancel the G89 boring cycle. In the canned cycle mode, tool radius offsets are ignored. M3 S2000 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G89 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. P1000 F120. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial




52


FANUC FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Canned Cycle Cancel (G80) Syntax Example

G80 cancels canned cycles G80 M3 S2000 start spindle clockwise G90 G99 G89 X300. Y-250. Z-150. R-120. P1000 F120. Position, bore hole 1, return to point R, Y-550. Position, bore hole 2 and return to point R Y-750. Position, bore hole 3 and return to point R X1000. Position, bore hole 4 and return to point R Y-550. Position, bore hole 5 and return to point R G98 Y-750. Position, bore hole 6 and return to initial




53



Sample program using tool length compensation and a canned cycle

Machine Home position (Position from which G54 to G59 are measured)


54



Program example for previous page The offset values for each tool as shown in the diagram on the previous page are set at the controller to; +200.0 for Tool #11 (T11) and offset #11 (H11) +190.0 for Tool #15 (T15) and offset #15 (H15) +150.0 for Tool #31 (T31) and offset #31 (H31) O1234 (DRILLING PROGRAM EXAMPLE) N0001 G0 G17 G40 G80 G90 N0002 M6 T11 N0003 G54 G43 X0 Y0 Z250.0 H11 N0004 M3 S30 N0005 G99 G81 X400.00 Y-350.0 Z-153.0 R-.97 F120. N0006 Y-.550.0 N0007 G98 Y-750.0 N0008 G99 X1200.0 N0009 Y-550.0 N010 G98 Y-350.0 N011 G0 X0 Y0 M5 N012 M6 T15 N013 G43 Z25.0 H15 N014 M3 S20 N015 G99 G82 X550.0 Y-450.0 Z-130.0 R-.97.0 P300 F70. N016 G98 Y-650.0 N017G99 X1050.0 N018 G98 Y-450.0 N019 G00 X0 Y0 M5 N020 M6 T31 N021 G43 Z25.0 H31 N022 S10 M3 N023 G85 G99 X800.0 Y-350.0 Z-153.0 R47.0 F50. N024 G91 Y-200.0 K2 N025 G28 Z0 M5 N026 G28 X0 Y0 N027 M30

Part number (program comment) Establish program safety line Tool change to load tool #11 Move to X0 Y0 and initial level on Z Start the spindle Position to hole #1, drill and return to R level Position to hole #2, drill and return to initial level Position to hole #3, drill and return to R level Position to hole #4, drill and return to R level Position to hole #5, drill and return to R level Position to hole #6, drill and return to initial level Rapid to part zero on X and Y and stop spindle Automatic tool change to load tool # 15 Introduce tool length compensation Start spindle Position to hole #7, drill and return to R level Position to hole #8, drill and return to R level Position to hole #9, drill and return to R level Position to hole #10, drill and return to R level Rapid to part zero on X and Y and stop spindle Automatic tool change to load tool # 15 Introduce tool length compensation Start spindle Position to hole #11, drill and return to R level Position to hole #12 & 13, drill, return to R level Rapid to Z machine home position and stop spindle Rapid to X and Y machine home position End program cycle


55


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS

The next several pages summarize the fixed or canned cycles for drilling and milling available with the Anilam 5000M CNC controller, followed by in depth explanations with syntax and examples. Several of these canned cycles are specialized and are not covered in the detailed section of this reference guide. Refer to Anilams CNC Programming and Operation Manual for more details. Drilling Cycles


56



Drilling Cycles continued


57



Milling Cycles In addition to the fixed/canned cycles covered in this manual. Anilam offers several specialized milling cycles that are not described in detail in this reference guide. For more information regarding the programming of these please refer to Anilams CNC Programming and Operation Manual.


58


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Milling Cycles continued


59



Canned Cycles

A canned cycle is a preset sequence of events initiated by a single block of data. Canned cycles are part of the CNC software and cannot be altered. They simplify the programming of complicated cycles. One block of data can instruct the CNC to perform the necessary moves to drill a hole, mill a pocket, or cut a spiral or ellipse. A canned cycle consists of a G-Code and variable words. The variable words describe parameters, such as peck distance, retract height, pocket depth and tool step over. Each canned cycle has its own set of variable words. The variable words in a canned cycle allow you to customize the cycle to include the necessary dimensions, feed rates, etc. Canned cycles greatly reduce program blocks. Use them whenever applicable. Canned cycles are usually entered into the part program from the Main Edit Help Menu. Edit Help contains graphics and labeled entry fields to make programming canned cycles quick and easy.

Drilling, Tapping, and Boring Canned Cycles (G81 to G89)

When you activate a drilling cycle, it executes after each programmed position, until you cancel it. NOTE: The P entry (return height) is optional, and you do not need to provide it. If you do not specify P, the CNC will set it to R. Keep the following in mind for drill cycles:

P dimension is optional. If it is not given, the retract height will be the same as the Z start height (R dimension).

F feed rate is optional. If it is not given, the current feed rate is used. All start and finish heights (R and P) as well as Z dimensions are absolute dimensions. P must be less than R, or an alarm will be given. For all peck drill cycles (G83 and G87), R (start height) must be. 1" (or 2mm) above the work

surface. G84 (Tapping) uses S word for Spindle Yes/No. Your machine must be equipped with spindle

M-functions to use G84. Cancel Drill, Tap, or Bore Cycle (G80)

Syntax: G80 Modal cycles remain active until canceled. Use G80 to cancel drill, tap, and bore canned cycle (G81 to G89). G80 can be included with other commands in a program block.


60


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Spot Drilling (G81)

Syntax: G81 Zn Rn Fn Pn G81 is a spot drilling cycle, generally used for center drilling or hole drilling that does not require a pecking motion. It feed from the start height (R) to the specified hole depth (Z) at a given feed rate (F), then rapids to the return height (P).

Address

Word Description

Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feed rate. P Z return point after hole depth, in rapid. P must be

higher than R.

Counterboring (G82)

Syntax: G82 Zn Rn Fn Dn Pn G82 is generally used for counter boring. It feeds from the R-plane to a Z depth, dwells for a specified time, then rapids to the return point.

Address

Word Description

Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feed rate D Dwell time (in seconds). Required. P Z return point after hole depth, in rapid. P must be

higher than R.


61


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Peck Drilling (G83) Syntax: G83 Zn Rn Fn In Pn G83 is the peck drilling cycle, generally used for peck drilling relatively shallow holes. feeds from the R-plane to the first peck depth (calculated o that all pecks are dual and do net exceed the maximum peck distance programmed in I word. Then rapid retracts to R-plane (to clear chip, rapids down to previous depth less .02", and continues this loop until it reaches the final hole depth. It then rapid retracts to the P dimension.

Address Word Description

Z Absolute hole depth, Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feed rate.

I Maximum peck distance (positive dimension. Required.

P Z return point after hole depth, in rapid. P must be higher than R.


62


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Tapping (G84)

Syntax: G84 Zn Rn Fn Sn Pn Dn NOTE: The machine must be equipped with spindle M-functions (FWD, REV, OFF) to use this cycle. Do not use G4 if the machine does not have spindle commands available. G84 is the tapping cycle, used for right hand tapping. During a G4 cycle: the tool feeds from the R-plane to Z depth; the spindle stops then reverses; the tool feeds to the retract plane; and the spindle stops and reverses again. F (TPI/Lead): Enter Threads Per Inch when in inch mode. Enter Lead when in MM (G71) mode. Lead is the distance from one thread to the next. You must program a spindle RPM. The Feedrate is calculated based on the spindle RPM and the TPI or Lead specified. S (Spindle sync): To enable Spindle sync, enter a value of 1. The machine must have direct spindle control to use this feature. The spindle rotation and Z-axis movement will be synched together, as in a threading cycle. D (Dwell): A dwell time value in seconds can be entered. You may require this feature because of the time required to stop and reverse the spindle. NOTE: If S=0, the programmed Dwell (D) will be active when the spindle reverses at the bottom and top of each hole. If S=1, the programmed Dwell (D) will be at the top of each hole.

Address

Word Description Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required.

F Threads per Inch (TPI) in Inch mode, or Lead (Distance between threads) in MM mode. S Spindle, No (0), or Yes (1). P Z retract height after hole depth, in feed. D Dwell time.


63


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Boring, Bi-directional (G85)

Syntax: G85 Zn Rn Fn Pn

G85 is a boring cycle, generally used to make a pass in each direction on a bore or to tap with a self-reversing tapping head. It feeds from the R-plane to Z depth, and then feeds back to the retract height.

Address

word Description Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feedrate. P Z return point after hole depth, in feed.

Boring, Unidirectional (G86)

Syntax: G86 Zn Rn Fn In Dn Pn Cn G86 is a boring cycle that allows the X-axis to back off the bore surface after the spindle has stopped and oriented itself. The cycle will feed from the R-plane to Z depth, dwell for the specified time, stop and orient the spindle to the specified angle C, back off in X, rapid retract in Z, reposition in X, and restart the spindle. NOTE: Your machine must be equipped with spindle M-functions (FWD, REV, OFF) and spindle orientation (M19) to use this cycle. Do not use the G86 cycle if the machine does not have the spindle commands and spindle orientation.

Address

Word Description Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feedrate.

I X-axis incremental back off distance in X (positive or negative dimension). D Dwell time in seconds. P Z return point after hole depth, in rapid.

C M19 index angle. If no angle is given, the angle in "Tool Management Setup" is used.


64


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Chip Breaker Peck Cycle (G87)

Syntax: G87 Zn Rn Fn In Jn Kn Wn Un Pn G87 is the chip-breaker peck=drilling cycle, generally used to peck-drill medium to deep hole. The cycle feeds from the R-plane to the first peck depth in Z, rapid retracts the chip-break increment (W), feeds to the nest calculated peck depth (initial peck less J), and continues this sequence until it reaches a U depth, or until final hole depth is reached. The peck distance will never be more than I or less than K. This cycle enables optimum drilling conditions for holes. For maximum efficiency in deep hole drilling, set parameters to accommodate the material and tool types used. Generally, the deeper the hole, the smaller the peck distance (J). This prevents the binding of chips, tool, and workplace. Set U to retract the drill completely at set depth intervals.

Address

Word Description Z Absolute hole depth. Required. R Initial Z start point, in rapid. Required. F Feedrate. I First peck distance (positive dimension). Required.

J Amount to subtract from previous peck (positive dimension). Required.

K Minimum peck distance (positive dimension). Required. W Chip break increment (positive dimension).

U Incremental depth between full retracts (positive dimension).

P Z return point after hole depth, in rapid. P must be higher than R.


65


ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Flat Bottom Bidirectional Boring (G89) Syntax: G89 Zn Rn Fn Dn Pn G89 is a boring cycle often used to program a pass in each direction with a dwell at the bottom. The tool feeds from the R-plane to Z depth, dwells for specified time, then feeds to the retract (P) dimension.


Z Absolute hole depth. Required.

R Initial Z start point (.1 in. or 2mm), in rapid. Required. F Feedrate. D Dwell time (in seconds). Required. P Z return point after hole depth, in feed.

Drilling Example The following example assumes that the machine has no automatic tool changer (ATC) If your machine has an ATC, check your machine manual for proper tool changer programming procedures.


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Program Drill Exercise #1 (Diagram on previous page)

Line # Block Description N1 01 * DRIL-EX1 Program number (1) and name

(DRILL- EX1). N2 G90 G70 (G71) G0 T0 Z0 Sets absolute dimensions (G90),

inch input (G70), rapid (G0), cancel any active tool (T0), and bring Z to zero (Z0).

N3 X-3.0 (X-75) Y1.0 (Y25) Move to X-3 Y1. N4 T01 * 1/4" DRILL (6.35 DRILL) Activate Tool #1 length offset. N5 G83 Z-.55 (Z-14) R.1 (R2) F12

(F300) I.08 (I2) P.1 (P2) Initiates peck drill cycle G83: Z = hole depth, R = start height, F = feed rate, I = maximum peck, P = return height.

N6 X1.0 (X25.4) Y-1.0 (Y-25.4) Hole location #1 (Rapid and Absolute).

N7 X3.0 (X76.2) Hole #2. N8 G91 X1.5 (X38.1) Hole #3 (moves from #2 to #3 in

incremental: G91). N9 X1.0 (X25.4) Y -1.25 (Y-31.75) Hole #4 (Incremental).

N10 X-2.5 (X-63.5) Hole #5 (Incremental). N11 G90 X1.5 (X38.1) Y -2.5 (Y-63.5) Hole #6 (Absolute). N12 G80 T0 Z0 Cancel drill cycle (G80), cancel tool

(T0), and rapid Z to zero (Z0). N13 X-3.0 (X-75) Y1.0 (Y25) Move to X-3 Y1 for part change. N14 M02 End Program.

NOTE: This program is written in BOTH inch and mm. ALL mm values are displayed in brackets.


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Pattern Drill Cycles

Use the automatic bolt hole circle (G79) to gill a partial or full bolt circle. A drill cycle (G81 to G89) must be programmed prior to G79. You can move around the pattern clockwise or counterclockwise, either point to point or along a radius. G79 calculates the hole locations. The cycle uses the Polar Coordinate System for dimensions. When the G79 cycle is completed, you must cancel the cycle (G80).

Bolt Hole Circle (G79)

Syntax: G79 Xn Yn Cn An Bn Hn Dn R


X Absolute X center of the bolt-circle. Defaults to current position.

Y Absolute Y center of the bolt-circle. Defaults to current position.

C Rotates the Polar Coordinate System by entered angle. Default: o degrees (3 o'clock. CCW = positive, CW negative.

A Angle of the first hole. Required. B Angle of the last hole. If there is no B value, the

CNC will execute a full bolt hale circle. H Number of holes in full bolt circle. Required. D Diameter of bolt circle. Tool will normally move

from hole to hole in a CCW (positive) direction. For CW direction, D negative. Required.

R Move from hole to hole on a radius. Set to 1.0 to activate. Defaults to point-to-point and hole-to-hole.


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Hole Pattern (G179)

Format: G179 Xn Yn Cn An Bn Dn En Un Vn Wn NOTE: Do not program G68 with G179. Use the automatic hole pattern canned cycle (G179) to program partial or full pattern hole grids. You can use G179 for a corner pattern when holes are required only on four corners. It calculates the hole locations from the entered variables. You can also rotate the pattern around the starting hole location. A drill cycle (G81-G89) must be programmed prior to G179. You must cancel the cycle (G80) after the pattern is completed. You can use [A and D] or [U and V], but not both combinations. Positive and negative values are allowed in all variable words except: B, E, and W.

Address

Word Description X Absolute X position of start hole. Y Absolute Y position of start hole. C Angle to rotate the hole pattern. Default is 0 degrees

(3 o'clock position). A Length of pattern in X-axis. If used, U cannot be

given. B Number of holes in X-axis. Required. D Width of pattern in Y-axis. If used, V cannot be

given. E Number of holes in Y-axis. Required. U Increment between holes in X-axis. Can be used

instead of A. V Increment between holes in Y-axis. Can be used

instead of D. W Pattern or Square. If W is 0, then a matrix pattern will

be drilled. If W is 1, then a perimeter pattern (edges only) will be drilled.


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ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Example: (G179 programming) G81 Z-.1 R.1 F15 G179 X2 Y1 C30 B6 E4 U.5 V.375 W0 G80 These blocks rotate a bolt hole pattern 30 degrees counterclockwise.


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ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Pocket Cycles

Pocketing cycles eliminate extensive programming. One block of programming will mill out the described packet. Activate a tool before programming a pocket cycle. All pockets use the current tool diameter from the Tool Page. XY positioning may be necessary prior to programming a pocket cycle. Programmer is responsible for all Z moves in dole Mill (G76) cycle. Cutting direction is reversible in the pocketing cycles. Always check that tool-to-corner radii do not conflict. Z and P dimensions are absolute. On all cycles with variable A (tool step over), A must be less than the tool diameter. In G78 and G178, A must be 70% or less of tool diameter. Alarm messages will occur if the CNC detects program errors. G41 and G42 are not permitted during pocket cycles. Pocket cycles use "built-in" cutter compensation. WARNING: When you cut one pocket inside another, make sure to set P above the highest pocket. At the end of each pocket, the tool will rapid to P, then rapid to the start position. For plunge pockets (G177, G178), drill a start hole prior to activating the pocket; position the axes over the start hole prior to G177 or G178.


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Draft Angle Pocket Cycle (G73) Format: G73 Xn Yn Hn Zn An Bn Cn Dn En In Vn Sn Qn Rn Wn Use the draft angle pocket cycle (G73) to machine a draft angle on a pocket. The tool must be at the center point of the lower-left corner radius. This is where the machining begins. You can use G78 to mill out an initial pocket prior to the G73 block.


X X length at the bottom of the pocket. Required. Y Y width at the bottom of the pocket. Required. H Z absolute rapid start height (must be .1" or 2mm

above surface). Required. Z Z absolute pocket depth. Required. A Lower-left corner radius. Cannot be less than tool

radius. Required. B Lower-right corner radius. Cannot be less than tool

radius. Optional. C Upper-right corner radius. Cannot be less than tool

radius. Optional. D Upper-left corner radius. Cannot be less than tool

radius. Optional. E Draft angle to be machined on vertical walls of

pocket. Required. I Z-axis roughing step-down. Required. J Roughing feedrate (does not appear in Help Menu). V Maximum XY tool stepover. Used if angle is so great

that the amount of XY step per Z step exceeds 70% of the tool diameter. Optional.

S XY finish stock amount, sides only. Optional. Q Z-axis finishing step-down. Optional. R Finish-pass feedrate. Optional. W Flat end mill = 0. Ball end mill = 1. Optional. Default

is flat end mill.


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Example: This program will cut the draft pocket shown in the figure. The drawing does not show the finish pass. Assume an existing rectangular pocket (4 in. long x 2 in. wide x 1 in. deep) with a theoretical sharp lower-left corner at X2 Y2. The following program will machine a draft angle onto the existing pocket.

T1 M3 S2000 ***** 1 /2" FLAT END MILL G90 G0 X2.5 Y2.5 F30 ***** 4" x 2" x 1 " DP RCT. PKT ALREADY EXISTS G73 X4 Y2 H.1 Z-1 A.5 E10 I.1 S.01 Q.02 R35 G0 T0 Z0 M5 X0 Y0 M2

Position the tool above the center of the lower-left corner radius. The tool path starts and ends at the center of the lower-left corner radius (after each perimeter pass) for all roughing passes. During finish passes, the tool will step down the draft angle and make passes around the perimeter.

If a ball end mill is programmed (W=1), the following points must be considered: If W=1, the length (X) and width (Y) at the bottom of the pocket is measured at the tangency point of the ball radius and the draft angle. If W=1, the start height (H) must be set to (.1 + ball radius) above surface to be cut. If W=1, set the tool length offset so that the ball is buried up to its centerline when at the part surface (touch off the tip and add the ball

radius, or touch off tip and use a negative length wear equal to the ball radius).


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ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Frame Pocket Milling (G75)

Format: G75 Xn Yn Mn Wn Hn Zn An Bn In Jn Un Vn Cn Sn Kn Pn Frame milling (G75) will mill a frame or trough around an island of material. You must position the XY axes at the lower-left (theoretical sharp) corner of the island before you program G75. Prior to G75, activate a tool so that the CNC will consider the tool diameter. The relation of the outside corner radius to the frame width must be geometrically possible or an Error Message will appear.


X Center of island in X-axis. Default: Current position. Y Center of island in Y-axis. Default: Current position. M Length of island in X-axis. Required. W Width of island in Y-axis. Required. H Z absolute starting (rapid) height (must be. 1 in. or 2mm

above surface to be cut into). Required. Z Absolute depth of frame. Required. A Maximum tool step over (must be less than tool

diameter). +A dimension = climb (CCW). -A dimension = conventional (CW). Defaults to half tool diameter.

B Maximum Z depth per pass (For example, if Z is programmed to be -1, and B to be .5, the frame will be roughed out in two levels.) B is programmed as a positive dimension. Defaults to tool diameter (depth) less finish stock.

I Ramp in feed: The tool will ramp into the first depth of cut with a YZ move from the I. D. of the frame to the O.D. of the frame. Defaults to last programmed feedrate.

J After the ramp-in move described above, the tool will rough-mill the frame, at feedrate J. Defaults to last programmed feedrate.

U Inside corner radius of frame (corner radius of island). Required.

V Outside corner radius of frame. Defaults to value of U. Must be equal to or greater than tool radius.

C Frame width. Required. S Finish stock amount per side (including bottom). If you

enter a negative value, stock will be left, but no finish pass will occur. If you do not enter a value, finish stock will not be left.

K Finish-pass feedrate. Defaults to last programmed feedrate.

P Z-axis absolute (rapid) retract height (must be equal to or above H). Defaults to H value.


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Example: G75 M3 W1.125 H.1 Z-.375 A.25 B.36 I5 J18 U.25 V.5 C1 S.015 K30 P.1

G75 Programming Example

The tool will perform the following operations: NOTE: If X and Y are not provided, position the tool at the center of the island prior to G75.

1. Tool will rapid from position 1 to position 2: X is the center of the inside corner radius (U), and Y is the corner radius plus tool radius plus finish stock.

2. Tool will feed -.1 (or 2 mm) in Z to the part surface. 3. Tool performs a ramp-in move to O.D. of frame minus tool radius minus finish stock (position

3). 4. Tool then moves 360 degrees CCW around frame back to position 3. 5. Tool then steps over calculated amount, and mills CW until position 2 is reached again at depth. 6. Tool then mills 360 degrees CW (climb-milling) around the island.

NOTE: The number of times the tool repeats Steps 3 through 6 depends on the Z and B dimensions.

7. When the frame is completed, the tool rapids first to the P dimension, then to the center of the island.


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ANILAM FIXED OR CANNED CYCLE OPERATIONS Hole Milling (G76)

Format: G76 Xn Yn Dn Zn Bn Hn Sn Jn Kn Use the hole milling cycle (G76) to machine through holes or counterbores. You can position the tool at the hole center prior to the G76 block. Activate a tool prior to G76 so that the CNC knows the tool diameter. If you do not provide Z and H, program a separate Z move to raise the tool out of the hole after the cycle.

Address

Word Description X X coordinate of the center. Default: pocket centers at

present position. Optional. Y Y coordinate of the center. If no coordinate is

provided, default is set to present position. Optional. Z The absolute depth of the finished pocket. Optional. B Z-axis increment used for each pass. Optional. H Absolute Z position to which the CNC rapids before

feeding into the workpiece. Optional. D Diameter of hole. Negative D = CW direction. The

direction CCW (climb milling) is reversible: +D dimension = climb (CCW). -D dimension = conventional (CW) Required.

J Rough-pass feedrate. Defaults to last programmed feed rate.

S Finish-stock amount per side. If you enter a negative value, enter a value, no finish stock will be left.

K Finish-pass feedrate. Defaults to last programmed feed rate.


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Example: G76 D2.5 J 12 S.01 K20 In this G76 Programming Example, the tool will perform the following operations:

1. Tool moves from position 1 to a position 45 degrees from center, at half the radius (position 2). 2. Tool then arcs onto the O. D. tangential (CCW) (position 3). 3. Tool mills O.D. CCW (position 4). 4. Tool leaves O.D. tangentially to a point 135 degrees from the c

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