CN Report Nippon Foundation

8/14/2019 CN Report Nippon Foundation

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1

TableofContents

Title Page

ExecutiveSummary 3

Chapter1:Introduction

Background 5

ScopeofTCGPilotProject:CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProject 5

CBERPobjective 6

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryApproach 6

WhySeikGyiVillage 6

SeikGyiVillageBackground 7

Chapter2:CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectMechanism

AssessmentPhase 10

DesigningPhase 11

ImplementationPhase 12

MonitoringPhase

13

EvaluationPhase 13

Chapter3:ProjectDetailsandProjectAchievements

ProjectDurationandSchedule 15

SectionA) RestoringLivelihoodbyWaysofBuildBackBetter(BBB)

1) CashCropProject:BetelLeafDistribution 182) FisheryProject:BoatBuildingandDistributionProject 21

SectionB) RepairingCommunityMicroInfrastructures

3) RenovationandReconstructionwithinMonasteryGround 244) WellsRenovationandCleaning 26

Title Page


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SectionC) SharingknowledgeandexperiencewithothercommunitiesfromthePilot

Project

28

SectionD) NetworkConnectionandBenefitGenerated 30

Chapter4:Community BasedEvaluation 32

Chapter 5: Challenges, Solutions to Overcome, Lesson Learned and

Recommendations

41

Acknowledgements 46

APPENDIX1 47

APPENDIX2 53

APPENDIX3 57

APPENDIX4

62

APPENDIX5 64


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ExecutiveSummary

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectwasdevelopedtohelpassisttherecoveryeffortfromthe

impactof

Cyclone

Nargis.

The

Pilot

Project

is

an

ASEAN

Humanitarian

Task

Force

(AFTH)

initiated

project

under the Tripartite Core Group (TCG), consisting of Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN),

MyanmarGovernmentandUnitedNations,withcooperationbetweenvarious localand international

NGOs and governmental bodies to jointly carry out the early recovery effort in Seik Gyi Village,

TawkhayanWestVillageTract,YangonDivision.

ASEANvolunteersworkswithinthevolunteerspiritsconceptandactastheProjectManagementTeam

to implement and facilitate the Community Based approach which the aimed to be an applicable

replica,using Seik Gyivillage as abased, to generalizeas good practice forother communities those

possesshighriskofbeingthreatenedbynaturaldisaster.

ThePilotProjectobjectiveswerefirstly;torestorethe livelihoodofSeikGyicommunitythroughBuild

BackBetter

(BBB)

methodology

and

process.

The

activities

within

this

section

include

Cash

Crop

Project:betelleafdistributionandFisheryProject:boatbuildinganddistributionproject.Secondlywas

torepaircommunitysmicroinfrastructurewhichinvolvedtherenovationandreconstructionwithinthe

monasterycompoundandwellsrenovationandcleaning.

Lastly,thepilotprojectwasaimedtoshareknowledgeandexperiencewithothercommunities(villages,

townships,divisionsandTCG),thiswascarriedoutthroughtheBetelLeafWorkshopSharing(conducted

by Plant Protection Division of Ministry of Agriculture), Betel Leaf Disease Lesson Learned Document

(See Appendix 1) and Disaster Risk Management Workshop (conducted by a local NGO, Mingala

Myanmar)andalongwiththeCBERProjectReportandLessonLearnedDocument.

Theproject

worked

closely

together

with

the

villagers

and

the

existing

core

groups,

to

enhance

capacity

buildingandselfresilienceofthecommunitythroughtheiractiveparticipationandcooperation.The

holisticpictureofrecoverywasaimedtowardsthe integrationofthedisasterriskmanagementofthe

communityandpovertyreductionscheme.

Towardstheendofthereport,aCommunityBasedEvaluationandlessonLearnedSectionishopeto

be provide the reader useful background resource and recommendation for the future CBERP

implementation.


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Chapter1:

Introduction

Background ScopeofTCGPilotProject

CBERPObjectives CBERApproach WhySeikGyiVillage? SeikGyiVillageBackground


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Background

Acategory3CycloneNargishadstruckMyanmaronFridaynightMay2nd,2008,ithasdevastatedovera

23,500 square meters region that had affected approximately 2.4 million people. This is alsoan area

whichproduces29percentofthericeharvestforthecountry,whichfurtheradversetheself sufficient

recovery

effort.

Cyclone

Nargis

had

caused

a

massive

loss

of

lives,

livelihoods,

property,

and

public

infrastructurethroughoutsoutherndeltaregion.

ASEANvolunteershadsurveyedtheaffectedvillagesnamely inKungyangonTownship,which isoneof

theelevenprioritytownships,mostseverelyaffectedbythecyclone.AvillagenamedSeikGyiwithinthis

townshipwasidentifiedbyASEANVolunteersonJune27th,2008asaseriouslydamageareaduetothe

storm,waveandflood impact.CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectatSeikGyivillagewasthen

developed to setasapilotproject to help recover at the early stage; the impactof thedisaster and

bringingbackthelivelihoodinparallelwiththeotherhumanitarianaids.Thepilotprojectisaimedtobe

an applicable replica, using Seik Gyi village as a based, to generalize as good practice for other

communitiesthosepossesshighriskofbeingthreatenedbynaturaldisaster.

SCOPEofTCGPilotProject:CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProject

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProject (CBERP)hasbeendevelopedand initiated tosupportthe

communitybasedselfsufficientscheme.ASEANprojectwasthenlaterintegratedtobeTripartiteCore

Group (TCG), consisting of Association of Southeast Asia Nations (ASEAN), Myanmar Government

specificallytheMinistryofForeignAffairs(MOFA)andUnitedNationstobecomeTCGPilotProjectat

SeikGyiVillage:CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectfacilitatedbyASEANVolunteers.

SeikGyiASEANFieldofficeworkunderASEANHumanitarianTaskForceoffice inYangonandwork in

corporationwith

TCG:

involving

Governmental

Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs,

UN

and

other

related

parties.

The Project Management Team also worked within the volunteer spirits concept. ASEAN volunteers

worked together harmoniously, and through the process, encouraged each other the notion of

exchangingofcultures, ideasandpromotedworkingtogether forcommonbenefitsofthecommunity

and society. Further, the volunteers were given an opportunity to develop their skill working within

humanitarianfields.

CBERP

Objective

1) Restore the livelihood Seik Gyi community through Build Back Better (BBB) methodology andprocess

2) Repaircommunitysmicroinfrastructure3) Set up a pilot project to share knowledge and experience with other communities (villages,

townships,divisionsandTCG)


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ApproachofCBERP

Community Based Early Recovery approach worked within the framework that any project to be

implemented at a community should workwith the community and give rights ownership through

processes. The community itself should be actively involved throughout the entire processes namely;

the phases of assessment, analysis, design, implementation, monitor to the evaluation phase. The

communitydignityispromotedandgiventhekeyroletocriticallydeveloptheirownprocessesthatare

mostsuitabletothatparticularcommunity,with thecorporatepartnershipofgovernmentalandnon

governmentalbodies.

Thisoutlineissupportedbythenotionthatthecommunityknowsbestaboutitslocalorganizationand

social structure. The community is also the first hand facing challenges and therefore; knows best

howtoovercometheseobstacles.

Further,capacitystrengtheningwasenhancedthroughthisactiveparticipation, inparallelwithraising

theawarenessofcommunitymanagementand improvementtowardspovertyreductionstrategy.Risk

Reductionisanothersignificantprinciple;thestrategyBuildBackBetter(BBB)toreduceriskofdisaster

in

the

future.

In

summary,

the

approach

of

the

project

is

to

enhance

the

community

to

raise

their

capacitywhichwouldcreateamoresustainableself resiliencecommunityinthelongterm.

WhySeikGyi?

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectworkatthe implementation levelinrespectfulcooperation

withtheexistingvillagestructureandorganization.Withastrongcommunity,7villagershadestablished

theNargisCommitteeaftertheCycloneNargishadstruck.Theywerethosecourageousrepresentatives

whomademovementtoseekdistributionsofbasicneeds for the restof thevillagers.Thus,with this

communitystrengthandunity,ithadaddedasanapprovingreasonforASEANVolunteerstoselectSeik

GyiVillage

to

be

the

target

village

of

conducting

the

Pilot

Project,

since

they

have

high

potential

to

set

thebestexample forcommunitybasedearlyrecoveryanddevelopmentextendedorpropagatedto

othervillages.

SeikGyiVillageBackground

BriefHistory(InformationprovidedbymonkUThawBiTa,seniormonkfromSeikGyimonastery)

Seik

Gyi

directly

translates

to

English

means

big

port,

the

name

arrived

from

its

location

that

it

is

placednexttotheToeRiverwhichendsupattheAyeyarwadydelta.Further, it isbelievedthatthere

wasaperiodwhentheareaisoccupiedbytheBritishandalsoJapanesemilitaryduringWWIIsincethe

locationisconnectedtotheriversandtheseawhichallowsforwatertransportationroutesforsailing.

ItisbelievedthatSeikGyiwassetupbyUSeiYaTun,whohadmovedfromSouthPyaponaround17th

century.USeiYaTuwasoriginallythe founderofSeikGyiMonastery.Thus,aroundSeikGyivillage is


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knowntohavingMuslimsettlementaswell.Theevidencecanbeseenfromtheremainsofanancient

mosquebuildinginNyaungWineVillagethatisabout1kilometerawayfromSeikGyivillage.

The natural environment used to be an enriching rain forest that has plenty of wild animals such as

tigersandelephants.USeiYaTunwasoneof theearliestsettlerand first to start farming,and then

therewere

the

other

followers,

which

many

live

on

the

harvested

rice

from

the

paddy

fields.

It is known that the main economy in Seik Gyi is generated from fishery and Betel Leaf plantation.

According to the monk, there were originally three fishermen families moved to Seik Gyi around 56

yearsagoandstartedfishing, thenfisheryhasbeguneversince.AsfortheBetelLeafPlantation, it is

believedtohavestartedsince80yearsagoinSeikGyivillage;howevergrownforconsumingwithinthe

local community and was not for business. During the past 15 years, Betel Leaf plantation has been

morepopularandhasbecomeoneofthemainsourcesofincomeinSeikGyivillage.

VillageInformation

&

Demographics

There are288households,325familiesandpopulationof1,318, making Seik Gyi the second largest

villageintheTawkhayanWestVillageTrack.ItsneighboringvillagesincludeMaytLayYone,NaungWine

andKyunChaungVillage.

GPScoordinates:N.1624.17.6/E0960125.2 PCode:MMR013029013

Thevillage is located inYangonDivision,KungyangonTownship. It isapproximatelya3 hourdrive in

southwards direction from Yangon. The main facilities within Seik Gyi Village include the monastery,

smallstupagroundandaschool,allofwhichhavebeendestroyedatdifferentdegreesofdamageby

thecycloneNargis.

The main occupation composition for this village consist of Betel Leaf grower 49%, farmers 28%, pig

farm22%,fisherman11%,duckfarm6%,generalworkers6%,tailors6%andvenders5%,duetothefact

thatvillagerscarryoutmorethanoneoccupationoverdifferentperiodsoftimewhilealmostallhouses

havetheirownhomegardening.


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Chapter2:

Community

BasedEarly

RecoveryProject

Mechanism

AssessmentPhase DesignPhase ImplementationPhase MonitorPhase EvaluationPhase


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GeneralImplementationFrameworkDiagram

Thediagramshowsthegeneralframeworkof implementationwithinallthedifferentprojectactivities,

atwhich,towardsthefinalizedprojectimplementation;oneormoreobjectivessetmustbemet.

Regular CB Monitoring o

activities and evaluate

progress

TCG/

ASEAN

Secretariat

BudgetASEAN Volunteer

Project Management Team

Purchasing and payment

Conduct c om m u n i t y b a se d

meeting at village level to initiate

process plan

Project Management

Team in coordinationwith Village

Committees monitorsthe process of

implementation

Village Committees/Local Occupational Sector Leaders

actively participate in project

implementation

Purchasing of

material

resources and

tools

Manpower and

Skillful worker

(Cash for Work

Schemes)

Project Completed:

Livelihood Brought Back Better/

Community micro infrastructure repaired/Sharing Knowledge and Experiences

Final Inspection by

Project Management

Team, Local Leaders

and Committee

PROJECT

ACTIVITIES


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11

PROJECTIMPLEMENTATION

ASEANManagementTeamworkedclosely togetherwith thevillagersand theexistingcoregroups, to

enhancecapacitybuildingandselfresilienceofthecommunitythroughtheiractiveparticipationand

cooperation.

StakeholdersInvolvedMain Committee and Nargis Committee is the existing core groups at the village level organization.

They have the main key roles to be the representatives of the villager, facilitate between ASEAN

Management Team andother villager groups. It is tobe noted that above this Committee structure

level,monkstakeasignificantroleinoverallrulesofthevillage.

LocalLeaderswereencouragedtobeformedandbyspecificoccupationalleadersforfacilitatingineach

project implementation in parallel with the ASEAN Team Management. Namely; the Betel Group

Leaders, the Boat Building Group Leader, Wells Renovation Group Leader and Construction Group

Leadertoassistandself managetheprocessesofprojectimplementation.

LocalAuthority

and

(i)NGOs

Coordination

Meetings

are

regularly

participated

and

discussed.

The

plan

updatesandcoverageareasareinformedandabletobeclarifiedandtoavoidoverlap.Challengesand

gapscanbediscussedaswellassharingofpossibleresources.

ImplementationOutline GroupMeetingsatVillageLevelwiththecommunityareconductedasnecessary,todiscussand

planontheprocessesofproject implementation,toensurethestepsofworkforeachphrase,

toupdatetheprogressandchallengesfacedandsolutionstobefurtherproceeded.

DesigningtheProcessofeachsubprojectstogetherwiththecommunity (example;initialstep;localconstruction teamdesigningblueprint for themonastery facilities suchaswalkway from

entrancetomainhall)

Identification and Mobilization of Support for each project necessary to conduct the project(example;sourcesofmaterials,types,materialquantities,numberofworkersorteamsrequired

anddefinedworkshopneedtoinitiateasnecessary)

AssignKeyRolestothelocalgrouptoaidinproject implementationwithinthetimeframeanddefinedresources

PROJECTMONITORING

ASEANManagement

Team

monitored

the

entire

project

sections

including

Project

Field

monitoring

in

parallelwiththeLocalLeadersTeam.ASEANTeamalsomonitoredofresources,financeandqualityof

output.

Regularobservationofeachprojectprogress Situationalevaluationandimprovementofprocesswhenappropriate


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13ProjectDurationandSchedule

Chapter3:

ProjectDetailsand

Project

Achievements

Project

Duration

and

Schedule

SECTIONA SECTIONB SECTIONC SECTIOND


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Thetotaldurationforprojectactivitiesincludesafourmonthtotaltimeframe.Thefirstthreeweekswill

involveprocuringthenecessaryequipmentandmaterialsfromYangonorSouthernMandalay.

Thetableindicatestheprojectplantimelinecomparedtotheactualimplementationperiod

ACTIVITIES DURATION 2008

August September October November

Week 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

PreparationPhase

1.CommunityMobilization

3weeks

ImplementationPhase

1. Procurement and Distribution of

BetelLeaveSaplings

4weeks

6weeks

2. Procurement of woods and

Carpentry Tools for Boat building in

SeikGyiVillage

6weeks

3weeks

3. Building of Fishing Boats for Seik

GyiVillage

13weeks

8weeks

4. Procurement and Distribution of

FishingNetsforSeikGyiVillage

2weeks

7weeks

5. Procurement of woods and

CarpentryTools

for

Boat

building

in

MyatLayYoneVillage3weeks

6.BuildingofFishingBoats forMyat

LayYoneVillage4weeks

7. Procurement and Distribution of5weeks


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Fishing Nets for Myat Lay Yone

Village

8. Procurement of Construction

MaterialsfortheMonastery

6weeks

13weeks

9.MonasteryReconstruction

11weeks

10.RentofPumpsandGenerators

1week

11.WellsCleaningandrenovation4weeks

10weeks

12.Constructionof 3Toilet 10weeks

MonitoringandEvaluationPhase

1.ProjectMonitoring

Daily

Daily

2.SubmissionofMidTermandFinal

Report

Week 8 and

week16

Week16

Greyareasonlypresumptionthegeneraltimeperiodbeforetheprojecthadstarted.

Dark

Grey

areas

are

indicated

the

exact

time

period

during

the

activities

process

that

has

started

since

August

until

November.


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SectionA

RestoringLivelihood

byWays

of

Build

BackBetter(BBB)

1) CashCropProject:BetelLeafDistribution


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WhyBetelLeafDistributionProject?

Betel leaves plantation is one of the major livelihoods in this village for the biggest part of the

population,hence,thenameofKungyangonTownshipmeansbetelleavesatwhichthegeographyof

thearea isthebestenvironmenttogrowthebetel leaves.Thiscashcrop issold inthewholecountry.

CycloneNargishaddestroyedbetelleavesplantationalongwithmanyothercashcrop.

Distribution of BetelSaplingsProject was thenconcluded from the assessmentofvillagers livelihood

needthatthiswillbringbacktheiroccupationandsorecoveryandsustaintheirvanished livelihood.A

groupofBetelLeafLeaderrepresentativeswasestablishedfordirectinvolvementandmanagementfor

theirbetelleafgrowingcommunity,thisalsopromotesforcapacitybuildingofthevillage.

AccomplishmentsTheprojectprovided 1,000 saplingsfor eachfamily household at the rate of 100Ksper sapling. 159

householdfamilies have benefitedfrom the betel leaf distribution, atwhich 29 have additionalfor

replacementfrom the affected diseaseplantations.Additional of chemicalfor betel leaf diseasewas

providedfor eachfamily household alongwithfertilizer that can supportfor 3 monthperiod, the

durationbefore

harvesting.

FigureofBetelLeavesPlantationTimeline)IndicationoftheBetelLeafcashcrop incomeand itsbreakevenpoint

thatthegrowerscangainandsustaintheir livelihood,after3monthsofsuccessfulplantation,thebetelgrower

canearnUS$40 50every15days.Thereisacontinuousmarketdemandforbetelleaves;thus,itmustbenoted

that

the

prices

fluctuate

accordingly

to

the

market.

Month1

Month2 Month3 Month4 Month5 Month

TTiimm eelliinnee

BBeetteell LLeeaavveess PPllaannttaattiioonn

11,,000000ssaapplliinnggss

Start Earning

Breakeven Point

Every 15 days

at 4.5 moonth s

Approx USD200 gain per month

Month 0I I I I I I

Initial Investment USD105

-1,000 Saplings

-Betel Disease

-Fertilizer

Every 15 days

Fertilizer Application

USD40 -50

USD40 -50

USD40-50

USD40-50

USD40-50 USD40-50 USD40 -50


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BetelProjectImplementationProcess

Materials Mobilization: Betel Leaf Sapling source came from the Ministry of Agriculture for the first

distribution, thus, itwas learned that the local traditionalprocessof involvement in the initial survey

andselectionofthehealthiestsaplingscontributetoamoresecuringhealthofthegardeninlong term

aswellas for thecommunityasawhole.Theseconddistributionwasthendoneby the laterprocess

description.

1,000 Saplings (100Ks per Betel Leaf sapling) are distributed to each household that is on the Betel

RegistrationList,thoughitshouldbecommentedthatinsomecases,theBetelgrowerarewillingtopay

extramoneytogetthehealthiestBetelsaplings.Thepricealsofluctuatesaccordingtothemarketand

oftenriseswhenthereisthehigherdemandforsaplings.

ProcessofDistribution:

Documentation of registration is necessary to ensure transparency and to crosscheck for anoverlapofassistantsallocation,thedetailsrecordedinclude;nameofreceivers,fathersname,

NationalRegistrationCardNumber(NRCNo.),descriptionandquantityofdistributeditemsand

signatures

Temporary holding of NRC No. is a process introduce by the local committee which helps toensure single distribution per one household until the distribution process complete. This

processwasconductedduringtheseconddistributionofBetelLeafsaplingswhentheprocessof

procurementofresourcewasdonebythelocalvillagerteamdirectly.

AdvancemoneywasgiventothelocalBetelLeaderswhorepresentfortheirgroupmemberstopurchase thesaplingswhilethe localcommitteeholdstheNRCuntiltheycamebackwiththe

saplingspurchased

ChemicaltopreventBetelLeafdisease isgiventogetherwhenreturningNRCandatthesametime;emphasizeHowToaboutthechemicalapplicationandawarenessusingtheinformation

board

Random monitoring of the Betel gardens was conducted shortly after and follow up withemphasizingthattheBetelgrowertousethechemicaltoreducethesusceptibilityoftheyoungsaplings which the environment were fairly contaminated with Betel disease from the first

distribution

ChallengesandOvercome

Therehavebeenappearancesoftwo(2)diseasesamongtheseventy(70)saplingsdistributedduringthe

firstdistributiontothetargetedfamiliessince9August2008.ThesediseasesarelocallynamedDaung

Mee Quet (Phytophthoraparasitica) and See Son (Xanthomonas betlicola). The Lesson Learned

DocumentwasproducedfromproblemfacedduetotheBetelLeafDiseasespreadand it isaimtoaid

thoseagencies

interested

in

seeking

background

information

of

the

Betel

Leaf

plantation,

distribution

processanddiseaseawareness.


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SectionA

2)FisheryProject:

BoatBuilding

and

DistributionProject


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Fishingisrespectively,apopularworktomakealivinginSeikGyiVillage,sinceitislocatedatthedelta

region.ThenameSeikGyimeansbigportatwhichthereisacommonportbytheriverbankwhere,

fishermen from various villages gather to make temporary residence during the blooming season of

fishery(NovemberFebruary)tofishandgettheirshighestincomeoftheyear.Theincomeearncanbe

uptoaboutUS$170permonthduringthepeakseason,withvariationaccordingtofishermenskillsand

the fishery market. Thus, support of fishery recovery sector is necessary to assist in their upturn of

valuableassetstocarryontheirlives.

AccomplishmentsTheprojectsupported34fishingboatsalongwithprovidingdriftnetstoreplenishtheir lostofphysical

assetsfortheiroccupationatSeikGyiVillage

Theextendedprojectalso supported thebuiltofadditional29fishingboatsand31driftnets to the

fishermenofMaytLayYonVillage

(PleaseSeeAPPENDIX2onfishermeninterviewsfromSeikGyiandMyatLayYoneVillage)

FisheryProjectImplementationProcess

Source of Materials: The wood material resources are commonly found in the village natural

environment,locallynamedRockdammarthistreeisacommontreethateachhouseholdtrytogrow

intheirgardensfortheir futureresources,thus,therawmaterialsfortheboatsbuildingarefromthe

localresourceandsofurthersupportthelocaleconomyofthecommunity.

The drift nets (500,000Ks) are highly expensive compare respectively to the cost of 19ft fishing boat

(350,000Ks),thus it isthemostsignificanttoolsforfisheryoccupation.Orderingofdriftnetswasfrom

outsideofKungyangonTownship.One setofdriftnetconsistof fivenetpieces, ropes, leadballsand

buoyancy

balls.

In some cases, it should be also commented that the fishermen themselves, may contribute of their

personalmoneytotheboatbuildtogetabiggersizeboatthatissuitabletohisfishinglocationandskill.

This issometimeoutofthemonitoringsystemandinterveneswiththe luckydrawprocess,thuswhen

the issue is caught up and that the involved parties agree, this process should be supported since it

clearlymetthespecificneedsofthefishermen.

Boat Building Process: Boat Builder Teams were established to support cash for work schemes and

promoting the local carpenters to use theirwell crafted skills to make qualityboats which also drive

towards a stronger community.This localcarpenter skill is especiallywell crafted and suitabledesign

thatmatcheswiththeirusageoffunction,sincetherearemanystylesofboatspecificforeachtypeof

watercharacteristics.

The

general

size

of

the

boat

is

19ft

long

and

abigger

size

is

24ft

in

length.


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BoatandFishingNetsDistributionProcess:

BoatRegistrationisnecessaryfortheclearlydistributionprocess,themethodwasdonebywaysofpermanentlynumbercodingtheboatsand lucky drawfortheownershiptoeachboatand

oftenaddexcitementtothepeople.

Fishing nets distribution is done by ways of documentation recodes of significant details andsignatures

with

prior

quality

checking

process

ChallengesandOvercome

DistributionEfforts:SeikGyivillagehavereceiveddriftnetsthatconsistoffive(5)netpiecesperonenetsetwhile,MyatLayYonevillagereceivedonenetsetconsistingofthree(3)netpiecesperoneset,

this was due to the limited budget, thus, as the conclusion from the community based discussion;

reduction of the number of net pieces was agreed since it is fair that all fishermen received equally

support at the level that was just adequate to carry on their occupation. This solution was also

significantthattheassistaiddidnotturnintoorhadthepotentialthatitwouldcreateinternalconflicts

withinthecommunity,communitybasedarrivalofsolutionwasthus,verysignificant.

Quality Control Mechanism: Fishery project in the neighboring village, Myat Lay Yone, carried out aconsiderable different management process, despite the two villages are next to each other and the

process learned from thepilotprojecthadassisted in theapplicationofprocess implementation.The

divergence is due to the fact that the village organization structure is more heterogeneous in nature

comparetoSeikGyiVillage,further;therewasinternalvarianceexistedamongthecommittees.

With this, the carpenter teams were more various and consequently, crafted of very different boats

style and quality. Quality Control Representative consisting of one Village Committee, Fishermen

Committeeandfishermanoflongpracticeoffisherywasvotedbythevillagetoensurethateachofthe

differentboatsproducedfromdifferentcarpenterteamswerethemaximumqualitythatitcouldbefor

itsownuniqueness.ThisQCrepresentativeisaprocesslessonlearnedfromtheSeikGyimodelvillage.


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1) RENOVATIONANDRECONSTRUCTIONOFRELIGIOUSINFRASTRUCTURESWhyRenovationwithinthemonasterygroundProject?

Seik Gyi Village is entirely a Buddhist community, thus the monastery is the essential core for the

villagers religious spirits and social union. Renovation within the monastery ground was initiated to

bring back the community livelihood unity and spirits after some infrastructures were severely

destroyedbytheCycloneNargis.

AccomplishmentMonasterywalkway entrance and StupaHallwere reconstructed (donation supported by Royal Thai

Embassy),theStupawasrenovatedwithadditionalofthenewcrowns,walkwayaroundthestupawas

newlyconstructedandrenovationofOrdinationHall(donationsupportedbyH.E.UKyawThu).

The stronger construction of collapsed gathering hallwill also act as the evacuation shelterfor the

future, ifunfortunatenaturaldisastermaystrikeagain,anongoingprocesssupportedbyASEANCoop

Fund)

Threetoilets

were

newly

built

within

the

monastery

compound

in

Seik

Gyi

Village

and

three

toilets

built

in

KyunChaungVillage.

TwoMSPdrinkingwatertankswereconstructedwithinthemonasterycompoundaswell.

Seethemapofthemonasterybelowoftherenovationandconstructionlayout.


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W

RReennoovvaattiioonnwwiitthhiinntthh

1.RenovationofStupa

Replacednewroof

Replacednewceiling

Newflooringwithtil

Installedinteriorligh

2.RestorationofStup

3.CementedWalkwa

4.ConstructionofWa

Constructedfromth

withzincroof

5.Reconstructionofth

6.RestorationofOrdin

7.Installationof2wa

fundedbyMSP)

8.Constructionofnew

2newtoiletswereb

anotherstupacompo

CCoollllaappsseedd

MMoonnaasstteerryyHHaallll

AAssCCyycclloonneeSShheelltteerr

MMaaiinnMMoonnaasstteerryyHHaallll

SSttuuppaa

SSttuuppaaHHaallll

HHaallll

N

ES

1

2

3

4

5

MSP

Tank1

MSP

Tank2

7

Toilets 8


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SectionC

SharingKnowledge

andExperience

with

OtherCommunities

fromthePilot

Project


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SECTIONC:Sharingknowledgeandexperiencewithothercommunitiesfromthepilotproject

BetelLeafWORKSHOPconductedbyPlantProtectionDivisionofMinistryofAgricultureCoordination of Betel Leaf Disease Awareness and Prevention workshop was needed to raise

awarenessaboutthediseaseandchemicalapplication.Theworkshopintroducedandexplainedthe

knowledge about the understandingof eachdisease, as well as demonstrated the properway of

chemicalapplicationbysprayingmethodthroughVDOwatching.TheworkshopwasconductedforTawkhayan WestVillage Tract: Seik Gyi, Myat Lay Yone, Ngnang Wineand Kyun Chaung Villages,

with great participation of over 400 villagers involved all together for the two rounds of

presentation.

BetelLeafLessonLearnedDocumentThedocumentinformationisbasedonthetrainingandsuggestioninstructionsreceivedduringthe

workshopaswellaslocalwisdomfromthelongexperiencegrowers.Thedocumentisintendedfor

any interested agencies seeking for background information on Betel Leaf plantation, specific

diseasetoBetelLeafandchemicalapplicationandawareness

DisasterRiskManagementWorkshopimplementedbyMingalarMyanmarSince, the region isstillapronearea to thenaturalhazards; thedisaster riskmanagementof the

communitywasseenasnecessary. InvitationofMingalarMyanmartoconducttheDRMatvillage

level to the four villages was carried out to raise a higher awareness and preparedness of the

community.

Activities includedtheseminartraining,groupdiscussionsandenvironmentalsurveyofthevillage

resourcesandvulnerablefractionofthecommunity.Thevillagersthenwerepromotedtodrawtheir

communitymapandwhattheysawfromthesurveyatwhich,integratedunderstandingisenhance

inthisprocess.

An initial preparedness plan and core groups of given key responsibility was established as well.

Further, a sustainable disaster risk reduction was enhanced through the promotion of mangrove

plantation

through

the

participation

of

the

whole

community.

In

addition,

a

poor

family

of

the

four

villagesweregiven25duckseachsupportedbyMingalarMyanmar,intheexchangingconditionthat

theywouldbekeyresponsibilitytoreplantofmoremangrove intheaimtogeneratedthenatural

buffertoresistthefuturenaturaldisasterlikethecyclone.

TCGPilotProjectinSeikGyiVillage:CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectReportThisdocumentisthesignificantpartoftheshareknowledgeandexperiencefromthemodelvillage.

The report includes the concept, its mechanism, community based Project management ,

evaluationandlessonlearnedduringtheprocessofthepilotproject,whichaimstobethesourceof

informationbackgroundforanypartiesofactorstoimplementelsewhere.


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28

SectionD

NetworkConnection

andBenefit

Generated


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29

SECTIOND:NetworkConnectionandBenefitGenerated

The project has been worked with various organizations to implement various activities at Seik Gyi

Village,namely;

TripartiteCoreGroup(TCG) CoordinatingOfficeforASEANHumanitarianTaskForce(AFTH) MyanmarEngineeringSociety(MES)forarchitecturalsupportanddesignofmonasteryfacilities

reconstructionandStuparenovation

UNHCR for distribution of kitchen equipments, mosquito nets, soap, Jerry can, femininesanitationkits

Royal Thai Embassy for clothes, sewing machine, drinking water, food and donation for therenovationofStupahall

MinistryofAgricultureandIrrigationfordonatingbooksonagriculture CareMyanmarforsupportingthepumpsforwellscleaningduringrainyseason MSPLimitedforbuildingof2waterdrinkingreservoirtanks ASIAWORLDforthereconstructionofthecollapsedmonasteryhallthathadbeendestroyedby

thecyclone

at

which,

it

building

is

aimed

to

be

build

back

better

to

be

the

evacuation

shelter

for

preparednessofthefuture

MinistryofAgriculture:PlantProtectionDivisionfortechnicalassistantandworkshoponBetelLeafDiseaseandprevention

UNICEFfordistributionofschoolkits,recreationkits,furniture,sharingpumpresourcetocleanthewellsandreconstructionofKyunChaungPrimarySchool

MyanmarRedCross forsharingofpumpresourcetocleanthewells inSeikGyiVillageduringlaterainyseason

MingalarMyanmarforCommunityBasedDisasterRiskManagementtrainingatvillageleveltoraiseawarenessandunderstandingofdisasterhazardsandfacilitateingeneratingcommunity

based initial preparedness plan at Seik Gyi, Myat Lay Yone, Ngaung Wine and Kyun Chaung

Village

WomenofASEANinYangon(WAY)fordonationforsupportingfishermenwith2boatstoKyunChaungVillage

Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Deputy Minister U Kyaw Thu and Myanmar Embassiesaboard fordonationofconstructionofStupaWalkway,StupaandOrdinationHallrenovation.

Also,distributing95towelsand205pairsofsockstotheelderlyandthemonksespecially

Participate in the Township Meeting and Coordination Meetings for clarifying the project details and

coverageareatoavoidofoverlappingandpossiblecooperationofresourcestomeetthereliefandearly

recoveryneeds.Mainorganizationsinconnectionareasfollows;

OCHA Triangle SavetheChildren CareMyanmar IDE UNICEF UNICEF:ChildProtection MyanmarRedCross


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31

EvaluationCommunityBasedEvaluationPlanwasconductedtoassessandevaluatethePilotProject:Community

BasedEarlyRecoveryProjectresultsandsuccesses,sincetheevaluationandlessonslearnedfromthis

projectwouldbethebackgroundresourceandrecommendationforthefutureCBERPimplementation.

Methodology

The community based (CB) evaluation was conducted by the facilitators that must run the process

thoroughlyandensuringthedefinitionsoftheevaluationquestionsareunderstood inthesamescope

forthe localvillagersandfortheEvaluationTeam.Thequestionsaskedwould leadtoansweringifthe

indicatorsaremetandatwhat level, inotherwords; the CBevaluation shall answer whether if this

PilotProjectusingtheCommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryApproach,hastrulymetthevillagersneeds

andhavebroughtbackbetterlivelihoodtotheirlives.

MeasureInstrument

Interview with the project stakeholders such as the Main Village Committee and the NargisCommittee,fishermenandBetelgrowers

Group Discussion is promoted to open an equal opportunity for opinions to be raised andfeedbacksfromthebeneficiariestoeachofthequestionnairequestions.Challengesorproblems

arealsoabletobediscussedequally.

LikertsScaleQuestionnaire:evaluationofthevillagers;levelofsatisfactionscaling15(PleaseSeeAPPENDIX3forthedetailtableofevaluationinstrumentalprocess)

Likert s

Scale

Interpretation

Scale

Meaning

Level1 0.01.9 Community is satisfied/ agreed or has possibility towards positive

trendinthelowestlevel

Level2 2.0 2.9 Communityissatisfied/agreedorhaspossibilitytowardspositivetrend

inalowlevel

Level3 3.03.9 Communityissatisfied/agreedorhaspossibilitytowardspositivetrend

inamediumlevel


in

a

high

level


inthehighestlevel


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EvaluationResultSummaryTable

(PleaseSeeAPPENDIX4fordetailtableofevaluationresults)

Indicator

Activities A: - Distribute Betel Leaf Sapling and Chemical to Prevent Be- Set up the Betel Leaf Disease and Chemical Aware

Grower


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Betel growers feel more secure about their financial situation.

Project helps them to recover quicker (compare to if there is ASEAN pr

at the village).

Villagers have knowledge about betel disease

- The villagers think that The Betel Leaf Workshop is useful for them.

- The villager think the lessons learned from the Betel leaf workshop is

to help them to solve potential Betel Leaf disease.

- The villagers know how to prevent and mitigate Betel Leaf dis

including preparation for soil before plantation.

Activities B : Support Building of Fishing Boats and Distribute Fishing N


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Local core group have ownership to the project process to co - operat

ASEAN to generate Community Based Project

- The local core group feels that they were given adequate opportun

assessment process.


design process.


implementation process.


evaluation process.

Activities E: Sharing Betel Leaf Knowledge with Other Community


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1. The other 3 villages have gained new knowledge about disease

awareness of chemical to prevent Betel disease

- They think that the Betel leaf workshop is useful for them.

- They think that the lesson learned from the Betel leaf workshop is a

help them to solve potential Betel Leaf disease.

- They know how to prevent and mitigate Betel Leaf disease incl

preparation for soil before plantation.

Indicator

Activities F: Practice of Project Implementation using Community Based1. Community Based Project theory and practice serves the villagers ne


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37

CBERPEvaluationResults

RestoringLivelihoodbyWaysofBuildBackBetter(BBB)

Thisworkshop isusefulforus,wecanapply thenew techniquewithour traditional styleof

betel

gardening

quoted

from

Betel

Grower

feedback

from

the

Betel

Leaf

Workshop

by

Plant

ProtectionDivision

EvaluationResultsA:

BetelLeafSaplingsandChemicalDistribution Betel Leaf Workshop to Raise Awareness and Understanding about Betel Disease and

ChemicalApplication

TheBetelLeafgroweragreedatthehighestlevel,thattheprojecthashelpthemtorecoverquicker(LSt

=4.9),amessagefromtheBetelgrowersaidAfterNargishitSiekGyiwedonotknowwhattodo,weall

donothavemoneytobuybetelleafsaplingsandwelosshopetogetbacktobebetelleafgrower.Ithink

wemight

not

start

it

again

if

we

not

get

support

from

ASEAN

volunteer

team

Though,theystillfeelmoderatelysecureabouttheirfinancialsituationconcerningtheincomefromthe

Betelbusiness(LSt=3.3).Accordingtothegroupdiscussion,75%suggeststhattheirgardensarehealthy

incondition, thus the concern lieswith the unsure security of thediseasewhich can impacton their

harvest income. Further, another biggest threat is that the market price for Betel Leaf will declined

whentherearereadytoselltheproduct.

As for the knowledge evaluation outcome of the Betel Workshop, it indicates that the participated

villagers highly agreed on the usefulness of the workshop (LSt = 4.95) and very much agree that the

knowledgelearned isabletohelpthemtosolvethepotentialBetelLeafdiseasethatmayoccur inthe

future (LSt = 4.66). Thus the villagers moderately understand the process of How To on disease

preventionandmitigationforexample;soilpreparationpriortoplantingthesaplings(LSt=3.13).Thisindicator could be from the reason that the workshop introduction method is not suitably for the

villagers learningnature. Theymay learnmuch better withmoreunderstanding throughdoing which

oneofthegroweralsomentionIneedthetechniciantoteachusmoreinactiononhowtodoit, ifthey

donotdemonstrationtous,wedonotunderstand.


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38

EvaluationResultsB:SupportBuildingandDistributionofFishingBoatsandDriftNets

Whilewebuildeachboat,theownerwillworkwithacarpenterandafishermantobuildboat

together,soeachboatnotonlygenerate incometothefishermanwhoowntheboatbutthe

carpenter,woodsellerandtheotherfishermanwhohelpbuildtheboatQuotedfromthefishing

groupdiscussiononCashforWorkBenefits.

ThefishermenfromSeikGyiVillageholdthehighestlevelofsatisfactionthatthedistributedboatsand

netsare suitablewith their traditional fishery stylewhichwillbeable togenerate income to support

their livelihood inthe longtermaswellas,highlyfeelthattheirstandardof livelihood is increasewith

highersenseofsecurity(LSt=5,5,5)

Theboatandnetsqualitywouldlastapproximately5years;thisisconsideredforthefishermenaslong

termperiodtosustaintheirliving.Further,somecasesmentionthatwithouttheseoccupationalassets

provided: wemight have to borrowmoneyfrom the richpeople and alsowe have topay a lot of

interest,ifwedoso,wecannotearnenoughmoneytodoanythingandyesofcourse;wecannothavea

good

standard

of

living.

RepairingCommunityMicro Infrastructure

Wefeelhappyandsecurebecauseafterthecyclonenearlyallwellswerecollapsed.Common

wells were also not easy to renovate.We couldnt afford to fix it,ASEAN then came and

renovated it and afterpumping up thewater, sowe can use it again message from group

discussionofProjectEvaluation.

EvaluationResultsC:WellRenovationandtoiletConstructionintheMonasteryGround

Thevillagersfeelatthehighestlevelofsatisfactionthatrenovatedwellsaresaferandmorehygienefor

theirusageandthenewlybuilttoilet;sanitationstandardareraisehigherthanbefore(LSt=5,5)

GroupDiscussion:WalkwayandStupaHallRenovation

Thereligious isvery importantfortheirfaith.Theyfeelhappyandsatisfiedsince,theycouldnothave

renovated theStupaby themselvesbecause theyhave losteveryvaluablebelonging fromcyclone,so

theycannotdonatemoneytobuildthemonastery.Thesupport inthemonasteryrenovation isuseful

andbeneficialforthemtocarryoutreligiousactivitiesandforfuturecycloneshelter.


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39

SetUpModelVillagetoShareKnowledgeandExperienceonCommunityBased

EarlyRecoveryProjectwithOtherCommunities

EvaluationResultsC:SharingBetelLeafKnowledgewithOtherCommunity

BetelWorkshopwasconductedbyPlantProtectionDivisionofAgricultureMinistrywhereknowledge

wassharedwiththeneighboringvillages:MyatLayYone,NgaungWineandKyunChaung

TheresultindicatesthattheBetelLeafWorkshopismostusefulforthemandthelessonlearnedisable

tohelpthemsolvepotentialBetelLeafdiseaseatthehighestlevel(Lst=5,5).Whiletheknowhowto

prevent and mitigate the disease for example of soil preparation of soil before plantation is at the

mediumlevel.

This can be supported by the comment from thegroup discussion suggesting that there needs more

intensiveandsuitableworkshopaboutthepreventivemethodsforBetelLeafdisease.Recommendation

is that the workshop shall involve action in the Betel Garden context and giving demonstration with

activeparticipation.

EvaluationResultsD:ExistingCoreGroupCooperatewithASEANtogenerateCBERP

IamsatisfiedbecauseIcanhelpandtakeparticipateineverypartofthisproject

TheLikertsScale results indicates that the localcoregroup (NargisCommitteeandMainCommittee)

feelthattheyhaveownershiptotheprocesses,inotherwords;theyweregivenadequateopportunity

ofinvolvementintheassessment,design,implementationandevaluationprocessesatrespectivelythe

highest level (LSt=4.81,4.81,4.81,4.81).These findings then signify that thisPilotProjecthasbeen

trulycarried

out

in

acommunity

based

manner;

in

approach

principle

and

practice.

GroupDiscussionComments

ASSESSMENT

IheardthenewsaboutTCGfromradioandatthattimesomepeoplefromTCGcameherefor

assessment. I triedmybest tohelp thembecause thereare3organizationsunderTCGand I

believedthattheycanhelpourvillageeffectively

DESIGN

I likedtobe involved inthemeetingwiththevolunteersabouttheprojectdesigningbecause

theydiscussedaboutthecommunitysneed

Iwas satisfied that the design of theprojectwas suitablefor the villagers need and they

discussedwiththemonk,maincommitteeandthevillagecommittee


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41

Chapter5

LessonsLearned

and

Recommendations


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Challenges and solution thatASEANManagement Team attempt to overcome, togetherwith the lesson lea

suggestedbelowsegregatingtoeachprojectprocessphases.

Assessment Phase

Challenges

Solutionto

overcome

Lesson

learned

and

Rec

Accurate information is difficult

tocomeabout

Crosschecking and consulting with various

sourcesofinformation

Assessthereliabilityof

Amonkisrespectivelyo

information.

Unclear and Unknown

organization effect trustworthy

and confident level for the

villagersto

give

the

information

Introduction of organization and staff are

necessaryaswellasgivingcontact information

andpassionately

upgrade

the

progress

to

the

villagers

Preparing the organiz

reasonofcollectingthe

Respectfullyawarethe

thepeople,iftheprojec

Feedbackalltheprogre

The expectation of the villagers

totheorganization

Emphasizetheaimoforganization Preparingandundersta

The villagers needs th

organizationshouldnot


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ImplementationPhase

Challenges Solutiontoovercome LessonlearnandRecomm

The

difference

aboutworkingculture Mindful of cross cultural difference and promote

skilldevelopment

Openmindandrespectful

The method of giving

knowledge through the

Betel Leaf workshop is not

suitable to their nature of

learning

Given the resource of contacting information for

further assistant of knowledge and provided

permanentresourceofinformation

e.g.Informationboard.

Evaluate the workshop

understandingbackgroun

The difficulty about

gathering for meeting at

villagelevel

Compromise on the suitable time for their daily

routine

Learningandunderstando

beawarenottoinfluence

The differences of the

village structure

organization greatly

influence the management

approach

Analyzing and understanding the village structure

organization, to adapt for the most suitable

methodandstrategyofmanagement

Well cooperation and co

withthelocalleadersiscr

result


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Continuous expectation

andrequestofthevillagers

needs

Crosscheck to get the most reliable information

and analyze of possible assistant solutions. Thus,

the respondent must maintain consistency and

never

promise

something

that

cannot

deliver.

Maintainneutralmindset

and unexpected request

vulnerablegroupofneeds

Internal conflict exists

among the villages and we

maynotbefullyawareof

Must not get to involve and let the community

solvetheprobleminternally.

Shall be awareand beve

createproblemstotheco

Traditional

believe

andpractice may influence the

framework of project

design

E.g. Cash for work scheme

of workers from multiple

villagesworkingtogetherat

the monastery cant be

fulfillsincethereisanissue

aboutthe

village

dignity.

Understand

and

accept

the

local

traditions

andadapted suitably with the project implementation

plans

Establishcashforworkschemeforvillagersofthe

benefitcommunity

Beaware

and

open

mind

issuethatmayexistinthe

MonitoringPhase


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Challenges SolutionstoOvercome LessonLearnedandReco

Different of measurement

unitsystem

Studythelocalmeasurementunit Be aware of different s

knowledge.

Inconsistent use of

measurement among the

processsectors

Seek assistant from the local expert for unit

conversion

Takeinitiativeeffortform

systemfromthebeginnin

possible


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47

Acknowledgements

ASEANvolunteersshowgratitudeheretothedonorstomakethisprojectpossible;theTripatiteCore

Group:ASEANHumanitarianTaskForce,MyanmarGovernment;MinistryofForeignAffairsrespectively

H.E.MinisterUKyawThuandUnitedNations.Also,wegivemuchgratefulnesstotheAHTFtoallowthe

opportunityfor

this

volunteering

program.

The

coordinators

and

director

in

ASEAN

Yangon

based

office

and volunteers in Seik Gyi based office, further; thank you for all the technical support and co

operationalorganizationsforworkingtowardstherecoveryofthelivelihoodasourcommongoal.


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48

APPENDIX1

TCGPilotProjectinSeikGyiVillage

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProject

BETELLEAFDISTRIBUTIONPROJECT: PASTEXPERIENCELEARNED

Introduction

TripartiteCoreGroup(TCG)haveembarkedontheCommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProjectbasedat

Seik Gyi village as the pilot model village aiming to help bring back the livelihood of the community

affectedbyCycloneNargis,alongwithmeetingtheirbasicneeds.TheprojectisprocessbywaysofBuild

Back

Better,

repairing

community

micro

infrastructure

and

create

a

model

to

provide

information

for

furtherduplicationoftheprojecttointerestedtownshipsoragencies.

Alongwithmanyprojectactivitysegments,BetelLeafDistributionisoneoftheearlyrecoveryplansto

bringback thevillagers livelihood income, sinceBetel leavesplantationwasoneof themajormarket

cash crop in Kungyangon Township. The project aims to provide 1,000 betel leaf saplings to 159

householdfamiliesinSeikGyivillage.

ThePastProcessandProblemFaced

Thepastprocess involvedorderingbetelsaplings fromTheExtensionDivisionofMyanmarAgriculture

Service,YangonDivision.1,000saplingswasgiventoeach70householdsthatareexperiencedBetelleaf

growersbefore thecycloneeventand who reporton the listofbeteldistribution that their landare

readyforplantation.Thevillagerstookthesaplingsandplantedimmediatethereafter.

After only 3 days, Leaf Spot disease, locally called Daung Mee Quet (Phytophthoraparasitica) first

appeared and affected several betel gardens. Another disease later emerged; Bacterial Leaf Spot or

locally called See Son (Xanthomonas betlicola) and became the dominant disease together with

DaungMeeQuet.

4weeksfollowingthedistributiondate,thediseaseshavespreadandaffected60betelgardensoutof

total70,30ofthosegardensaretotallydestroyedanddeadsaplingshavebeenremoved.30affected

gardenshavebeengivenchemicaltreatmentandremaining10gardensareingoodcondition.

Thedisease

is

believed

to

could

have

come

from

the

original

saplings

and/or

lived

in

the

existing

soil

as

wellasair.Eitherway,theyareabletoquicklyspreadandadversebytheweatherconditionbothfrom

rainandwind,whicharefavorablefactorsforthefungiandbacteriatomultiply.Itisthenrecommend

thatBetelplantationshouldnotbeprocessduringrainyseason.


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51

Causedbyfugus(Phytophthoraparasitica) Casuedbybacteria(Xanthomonasbetlicola)LeafSpotandBacterialLeafSpotarethetwocommondiseasetoBetelLeafplantation,otherdiseases

includeBlackStemDiseaselocallynamedYoMeSitPiyout,causedbyfungi.

RecommendedChemicalApplicationforPreventingBetelLeafDiseases

DiseaseCausedbyFungi DiseaseCausedbyBacteria

ForSpraying;use 2:2:50Bordeauxmixture

(1gl/12ftgardenrow)(or)

Spraymixtureof1020gcopper/1glwater

Fortheopenwoundfrompickedouttheaffected

leaves;spraycopper1020gwithwater(or)

10cccapsumin(or)1%BordeauxMixture

OptionalChemicalBrandNames:Metalaxy25%WP,Metalaxy8%+Mancozeb64%

Copper containing fungicides (i.e. Cupromax,

Coptex85WP,Challenges85WP,Copxide,Kocide)

ForSpraying;use 2:2:50Bordeauxmixture

(1gl/12ftgardenrow)(or)

Spraymixtureof1020gcopper/1glwater

Fortheopenwoundfrompickedouttheaffected

leaves;spraycopper1020gwithwater(or)

10cccapsumin(or)1%BordeauxMixture

OptionalChemicalBrandNames:Kasugamycin(i.e.Kasumin,Saipan)

Copper containing fungicides (i.e. Cupromax,

Coptex85WP,Challenges85WP,Copxide,Kocide)

BORDEAUXMIXTUREMAKING isrecommendedsincethe ingredientsarecommonlyavaliable, lowcost

anditiseasyprepare.

ForSprayingapplicationusingspraybox

Notes:BordeauxMixtureshouldbeshakeregularlytoensurewellmixtureandpreventingsettlementof

thecrytalyzedchemical,furtheritistobeusedwithin24hoursaftermixing.

Commonratioused:


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52

ChemicalAwarness

Buyer should look for those chemical that show the officially registered mark by the Ministry of

Agricultureonthepackage.

Thegrowersandthosewouldusesthechemicalarestronglyadvisetousetheapplicationrateandratio

aswell

as

period

of

time

safe

to

cut

for

consumption,

accordingly

as

instruction

on

the

pakage.

It

is

suitabletoapplychemicalinthemorningandnotthesunnyperiodoftheday.

Problemscanoccurifthesepracticearenotdoneproperlyforexample,ifthedosageofchemicaltobe

spreyedistoodilute;thebacteriamaygainstrongerimmunityandbecomeresistancetothenextround

ofchemicalsprey,sameconceptwithantibioticmedicinaldosagetohumans.Laterstrongerchemical

mustbeappliedtoovercomethesesdevelopeddisease,thisishighlynotrecommended.

Inaddition,rotationofdifferentchemicalorfungicideshouldbeused,this istopreventthefungusor

bacteriatobecomemoreresistant.

Discussions

It isrecommendto invitespecialistfromPlantProtectionDivisiontoconducttheworkshopdirectlyto

theBetel

growers.

The

understanding

about

the

disease

especially

to

differenciate

between

fungus

or

baterialcaused is anewknowledge to thegrowers.Further, aproperway of spreying the treatment

mixturemustbeadoptedaccordinglytoprovidethemosteffectiveresultofeachspreyactivity,thisis

donebyspreyingoftopoftheleafandonsoilsurfaceonthedownstrokeandtheupperstokeistoaim

atthebottomoftheleaf.

Aconceptthatshouldbeaware isthatsomepathogensaresoilborneandwhenrain,theraindroplet

splash from the soilcouldendupon thebottompartof the leaf, fuguscould then spreadandcould

becomeairborneandthecycleisinterconnected.

Thus, there is the localwisdomabout thebetel leafgrowing, thesenewchemical treatmentarevery

newtotheirtraditionalpractice.Somegrowersareusingunregisteredchemicalwhichisverytoxic,this

isanother

issue

to

be

concern

of.

In

some

cases,

growers

may

have

difficulties

to

accept

these

new

understandingandmethodofpractice.At leastenforcementcanbedoneespecially inthesense that

each grower should dialy monitor their betel garden and take very close care of it, this is the most

significantpracticetoensurethat theirgardenare routinelycleanedofdisease.Thoughoverall,betel

plantationwouldhavelowerriskofdiseaseduringotherseasonsapartfromrainnyseason.


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53

Acknowledgement

This document is intended to any NGOs or parties interested into betel distribution project. ASEAN

volunteerswould liketothankyoufor localwisdom learnedfromthevillagersandfromtheworkshop

given by officers from Plant Protection Division from Yangon and Kungyangon Township: U Myo Kin

(Manager),UWinnThan (AssistantSupervisor),DawKhinMyaMyoLwin (AssistanceSupervisor,Daw

PyonePyone

Kyi

(Assistant

manager),

Daw

Cho

Cho

Lwin

(Assistant

Supervisor)

Contacts

PlantProtectionDivision,MyanmarAgricultureService 01640975

ASEANVolunteers 098702473

CommunityBasedEarlyRecoveryProject:

TCGPilotProjectinSeikGyiVillage

TawkhayanWestVillageTract,KungyangonTownship,YangonDivision,Myanmar

ByASEANVolunteers

APPENDIX2

InterviewofFishermenatSeikGyiVillage

UPautSa

Age:43yearsold

I have five children. Ive been a fisherman since I was 12 yearold. After Nargis Id lost everything

includingmyboatandfishingnet.Fisheryismylife.IwasdesperateandIdidntknowhowtostartmy

jobagain. Itwas lucky forme tohaving receivedboatdistributionbecause Icouldhave loanedsome

moneytobuyanewboatwhichwasnotthechoiceIwouldbehappywithbecauseIhadneverhaddebt

before.NowIcouldlookaftermyfamilyagain.IcantdescribetoawordhowthankfultoASEANIwas

stunnedandpleased

Afterreceivingaboat,Iearnabout3,00010,000KsperdayIvesavedsomemoneytopayanewboat

depositfor

my

oldest

son.

Right

now

our

family

has

2boats

and

we

also

use

some

money

to

extend

in

theotherjobtogeneratemoreincomefortakingcare7familymembers.Ihavegothopethatourlives

wouldbebetter. Ihaveachancetosendmysontobeamonk.Itwasamazingandthemostimportant

thinginmy life.IfthisyearIhaventgetboatImightnotabletothinkaboutthisamazingopportunity

formysontobeinthenovicehood


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54

Imhappywithmy lifeatthemomentbut Iwould liketodevelopsomemorethings inmy lifetobe

betterwhich issendingmyyoungestson,whom is6yearoldnowtogotoschoolandhopefullythat I

canbuildnewhousebecauseitseemsosmallforallofushere

KoTunTunNaing

Age:30yearsold

Idonotknowhowmy lifewillbe iftherearenoASEANprojecthere. Idonotwanttobeageneral

worker because sometime there are work and sometime no work for a month. The income is not

enoughtotakecareofmyparentsandthejobisnotfreedomasfisherman

Ihavebeenworkingasfishermanfor3years.Ihavetotakecaremyparentswhoarereallyoldandthat

isthereasontowhyIhavetoworkinmanykindofjobinthesametimetoearnenoughmoneyforthe

threepeopleinfamily

FewdaysafterCycloneNargis,Ilostmyhopetogettingbackonmyfeet.IdonotknowhowIcanstart

tobeafishermanagain.IjustthinkingthatIhavetoborrowmoneyfromtheloanpersonandneedto

payabiginteresttothem.Idonotwanttobeindebt thatsthelastchoicethatIwanttodobecauseI

knowthatintheendIwoundnothavemuchmoneylefttosaveformymarryortakecaremyparents

Rightnowmylifeisgettingbetter,Iearnmoneyfromfishingandusingthismoneytostartduckfarm.

Thisproject isreallyhelptomovefurtherand Ican lookforwardtodomanythings. If Ididntreceive

boat Ithink, Istillam indebtandgettingpoorerandpoorerbecauseofthebig interest.NowIcando

fishingandstartsavingmoney.IfIhavemoremoneyIwouldbuildnewhouseformyparentandIwish

toget

married

soon

IwouldliketothankyouASEANanddonors,mylifeisgettingbetternowbecauseofthismoney,Thank

yousomuch


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InterviewofFishermenatMaytLayYoneVillage

UHlaHtun

Age:57yearsold

Ihave starteda fishermancareerwhen Iwas13. Ihaveonechildandhe isa fishermanaswell. If I

didnthaveaboatdistributionIwouldhavewaitedforafewyearstohaveenoughmoneytobuyaboat

andfishingnets.

BeforeNargisIownedboatandnets.IusedtoletotherfishermanhiremynetsandIwouldgetabout

50%fromtheir income.LastyearinfishingseasonIcouldearnupto15,000Ksperday.Unfortunately

forthisyearIvewaitedfortheboatandfishingnetssoIhaventearnanymoneyfromfisheryyet.Itwill

takemeabout10daystogetbacktofishingagainbecausewehaveonly2peopleinourvillagethatcan

installthefishingnets.


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56

UAungMyo

Age:30yearsold

IvebeenworkingasafishermansinceIwas12yearold.Iveneverhadmyownboatandhadalways

rentedboatfromtheotherfisherman.SometimesIpaid50%or30%ofmy incometotheboatowner

thatdependedonmyincomeoneachday

AfterNargisIwasstrugglingbecauseIdidnthaveotherjobtogetincometosupportmyfamily.Now

Ivereceived

aboat

and

fishing

nets

from

ASEAN

so

Ican

keep

all

the

income

with

me.

ImgratefultoASEANthatgivingmetheopportunitytohaveaboatandnets.Imnowplanningtosave

moneytobuyalandtobuildmyownhousebecauseatthemomentwerelivingwithmyaunty


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Projects Objective Activities Indicator Queslessons learn

Betel leaf wo

to help you to

potential Bet

disease?

3. Do you kn

prevent and

Betel Leaf di

including pre

soil before pl

-Support building

of fishing boats

and distribute

fishing nets

They have boat and nets

that is suitable with their

Do you thi

boats and

The fisherman can earn

income from the fishery

How much

monthly thr


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Projects Objective Activities Indicator Ques

This project generates

income into variety

Who else in

have benefi

Fishermen feel

confidence that the

distributed boats and

Do you th

boats and n

is able t

Their occupation status

increased a higher

Do you fee

standard of

Repair community micro

infrastructure

Number of beneficially:

Number of sample group:

Walkway

reconstruction

Stupa hall

renovation

Villager feel that restored

facilities within the

monastery has brought

back communitys spirit

and unity

How do you

the restoratio

religious buil

The renovation within the

monastery ground is

What is the

the Monaste


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Projects Objective Activities Indicator Quesmonitoring p

Sharing Betel

leaf knowledge

with other

community

The other 3 villages have

gained new knowledge

about disease and

awareness of chemical

to prevent Betel disease

1. Do you thi

Betel leaf wo

useful for yo

2. Do you thi

lessons learn

Betel leaf wo

to help you to

potential Bet

disease?

3. Do you kn

prevent and

Betel Leaf di

including pre

soil before pl


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Projects Objective Activities Indicator Ques

Applying theFishery ProjectManagementprocess with tothe othervillages.

Assist the implementer intime and effort

How the loca

managemen

ASEAN have

assist effecti

applied to oth

Practice ofProjectimplementationusing Commun ityBased approach

Project can highly servethe villagers need?

Is it Commun

Project theor

practice serv

villagers nee


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APPENDIX4

Question 5 4 3

Activities A: Distributed Betel leaf Sapling and chemical to prevent betel leaf disease and set u1: Do you feel secure about your financial situation after Betel occupations

is brought back?

2 9 34

2: Do you think this project help you to recover quicker? 44 1 2

3: Do you think that the Betel leaf workshop is useful for you?46 2 0

4: Do you think the lesson learned from the Betel leaf workshop is able to

help you to solve potential Betel Leaf disease?

33 12 2

5: Do you know how to prevent and mitigate Betel Leaf disease including

preparation for soil before plantation?

0 6 40

Activities B: Support building of fishing boats and distribute fishing nets


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1.: Do you think that your boats and nets are suitable for your traditional

fishing?16 0 0

2: Do you think that the boats and nets provided is able to generate

income to support your livelihood in the long term?

16 0 0

3: Do you feel that your standard of livelihood is increase and feel more

secure?16 0 0

Activities C: Walkway Reconstruction and Stupa Hall Renovation1. Do you feel secure about the reconstruction of the collapsed building to

be the future evacuation shelter?

16 18 0

Activities D: Well renovation and toilet construction in monastery ground1. Are the well safer and more hygiene than before? 33 0 0

2.Is the sanitation standard of the toilet higher than before? 35 0 0

Activities E: Existing local core group corporate with ASEAN (Nargis committee and main commCommunity Based Early Recovery Project.1: Do the local core group feel that they are giver adequate opportunity to

assessment process?

9 0 0

2: Do the local core group feel that they are giver adequate opportunity to

design process?

9 0 0


implementation process?

9 0 0


monitoring process?

9 0 0


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Question 5 4 3

Activities F: Sharing Betel leaf knowledge with other community1: Do you think that the Betel leaf workshop is useful for you? 19 0 0

2: Do you think the lesson learned from the Betel leaf workshop is able to

help you to solve potential Betel Leaf disease?

19 0 0

3: Do you know how to prevent and mitigate Betel Leaf disease including

preparation for soil before plantation?

5 7 7

Activities G: Practice of Project implementation using Community Based approach 1: Is it Community Based Project theory and practice serves the villagers

needs?

11 0 0


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APPENDIX5

InterviewandGroupDiscussionResults

Activities:

DistributeBetelleafsaplingandchemicaltopreventBetelLeafdisease

SetuptheBetelleafdiseaseandchemicalawarenessforBetelLeafgrowers

Weknowveryclearlyafterthisworkshopaboutthechemicaltopreventthediseaseandtheinsecticidechemical

Welearnaboutthefirststepofthebetelleafdisease Wereallysatisfiedtheworkshopbecausewelearnthenameofthechemical.Ithelpsustogrowthebetelleafverysystematically

IknowhowtosolvesomeproblemandsomeproblemIstillneedmoreworkshop IwanttodiscussmorewiththetechnicalIstillhavesomemorequestionstoaskthem Iknowhowtosolvebetelleafproblemnow IknowhowtopreventtheBetelLeafdiseaseandhowtopreparethelandbeforegrowtheBetelLeaf

Idonotknow theothereffectofsomechemicalwhichweareusingnow Istillneedtoknowmoreaboutthat

Ineedthetechnicianteachusmoreactiononhowtodo it iftheydonotdemonstrationtouswedonotunderstand

Ifthere isthenewworkshopIwanttoknowthetechniqueonhowtopreventthediseaseandhowtobetelleafproductiveandonhowtousethefertilizer

Activities: Supportbuildingoffishingboatsanddistributefishingnets

Theboatsandnets is the sameaswith theonebeforecyclone,wealsogive the idea to theimplementingteamwhatkindofboatthatwereallywant.Theboatsthatwereceivedarereally

servingourneed

Normallywecanearn3,00010,000Kadaydependonthefishermanskillstheaverageincomeisaround70,000K/month

InJanandFeb ishighseasonforfishermansosomeoffishermancanearn150,000200,000duringthismonth


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Activities: RenovationwithintheMonasteryGround

The religious is very important of theirfaith and theyfelt trustASEAN thatwhy they askedASEANtohelpthemrenovatethemonastery

The renovation is useful in the directway that about the Buddhismfaith and it can be thecycloneshelter

Thewalkwayproject isveryuseful inmonsoonseasontheycancometothemonasteryeasilywecandotheactivityinthenewreligiousbuilding

Wefeelveryhappy to see thebuildingandwegathering into thebuilding in the specialdaysuchasthefullmoonday

Wehappyandwethinkthatstandardofthetoilet ishigherthanbeforeandwethink itsnoteasy tobuild thatkindof toilets in theirvillage.Wewishwecouldhave thiskindof toiletfor

everybody

Activities: Existing localcoregroupcorporatewithASEAN(Nargiscommitteeandmaincommittee)

togenerate

aCommunity

Based

Early

Recovery

Project.

IwassuspiciousatthattimebecauseIdidntknowexactlythatthisteamcouldhelpourvillageornot

IwasinterestedbecauseIbelievedthatthisteamwassentbygovernment Assoonas IsawASEAN team Itrustedthemand IvehelpedthevillagetogetherwithASEANvolunteersasmuchasIcan

Wedidnthaveexperienceaboutcycloneandwewereintroubleatthetime.WhenTCGcametoourvillage,wewereveryhappyandreliedonTCG.UptonowIvehelpedTCGteamandhave

beenworkingwiththem

Since thedayASEANhas comehere Iveenjoyed seeing how theyvebeen implementing theproject IamveryhappyandsatisfiedbecauseoftherenovationofthestupaandreconstructionofthereligiousbuildinginourvillageandIalsowishwecouldget thedevelopmentprojectsupportfor

ourvillage

While we were lookingfor the donorfor the villagers who were in trouble.Wemet TCGvolunteerteamandIhelpedthembycollectinginformationanddata

IamverysatisfiedthatIcanhelpTCGvolunteerteambycollectinginformationofthevillagersneedsanddataandgivencorrectinformation

IgiveadviceanddiscusswithASEANvolunteerteamto identicallydesignprojectwhichbasedonthevillagersneedduringtheprojectdesigningprocess

I liked tobe involved in themeetingwith thevolunteersabout theprojectdesigningbecausetheydiscussedaboutthecommunitysneed

WhenASEAN team camehere to supportourvillage I thought that theywouldalso supportfarmersbuttheydidnt.HowevertheysupportedtheothervillagerslikefishermenandBetelleaf

grower so I am very happy and helped the volunteer teamwhen they had implemented the

project.

IhelpedthevolunteerandIwasgiventheopportunitytodesignprocessoftheproject. Iattendedthemeetingandobservedthediscussion IwassatisfiedthatIcouldworktogetherwiththeengineerwhenTCGstartedtheproject


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WhenTCGsetuptheofficehereandimplementtheprojectIparticipatedactively IvetriedmybesttofulfillthevillageandTCGsneed Iparticipatedintheimplementingprocessoftheproject IgotthegoodopportunitytoinvolveinthisprojectandIamsatisfiedthatwecouldimplementthevillagesmainneed

WhenTCGhadstartedprojectIwasworkingasaconstructionleaderoftheconstructioninSiekGyimonastery.

Itrymybesttohelpthemwhentheyneedmeinmonitoringprocess Iworkasasupervisorofmonitoringprocess Itrymybesttomanage inthemonitoringprocessoftheprojectandIamsatisfiedandIthinkthatthisprojectisreallysuccessful

IamsatisfiedbecauseIchosetoputtherightmanintotherightjobandIalsomonitoringwhenweimplementingtheproject

IamsatisfiedbecauseIcanhelpandtakeparticipateineverypartofthisproject

Activities:SharingBetelleafknowledgewithothercommunity

BeforetheworkshopIdonotknowwhichchemicalIshoulduseforwhichdiseasebutrightnowIlearnfromthetechnicianalready

Ithinktheworkshop isreallyuseful I learnhowtopreventthediseasebefore IstartgrowingandIthinkifyouknowthatyoualmosthalfwaytothesuccessfulness.

I saw the slide show I do understandmorewhen I saw thephoto andwhen the techniciandemonstratethewaytopreventdiseasetome.

Ilearnfromthetechnicianonhowtoseparatethebacteriaandfungifromeachother BecauseoftheworkshopIlearnhowtosolvediseaseproblemmoreeffectively WelearnalotfromtheworkshopbutitisreallydifficulttosaythatwecanapplytosolveourdiseaseproblembecauseafterNargisour soilwas sweptaway so theconditionof soilnot so

goodtoplant

Igiveonly3from5becauseevenweknowhowtopreventbutIstillnotsurethatifthediseasecomingupagainwewillabletosolve itandalsowe lackofknowledgeabouthowtoprepares

thesoilbeforegrowing

Igiveonly4from5becauseIfeelalittlebitsureinsomepointandunsureforsomepointIhopethatwecanhavemoreworkshop

Igive5becausewhenImetthetechnicianIhavequestiononmymindandIaskthemsoIgettheclearanswersoIcanapplyittosolvediseaseproblem


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Activities:PracticeofProjectImplementationUsingCommunityBasedApproach

Thisprojectsimplementationreallymeetcommunitysneed CommunityBasedProject ideareallyservethecommunityneedbuttherearestillsomemorefamilywhodidnotgetsupportfromthisprojectweshouldthinkaboutthatfamilyifwecan

Thiscommunitybasedproject is reallyservecommunityneedand I think thisproject is reallysuccessfulprojectalthoughIthinkitdoesntcoverallthefamilyinthisvillagebutourprojecthad

donegoodsofar

ImplementingthisprojectinthecommunitybasedideaisreallyservecommunityneedandformypersonalopinionIthinktheprojectisreallyeffectiveness

Thisproject isreallyusefulandsuccessfulbecausetheNargiscommitteeandASEANvolunteercancooperatewellinthisprojecttomakeanefforttoservecommunityneed

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