CMFRI report on pollution in Kayalpatnam due to DCW

8/8/2019 CMFRI report on pollution in Kayalpatnam due to DCW

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ISSN 0254-380 X

NO. 113 JULY, AUGU ST, SEPTEMBER 1991

rTSB ^fTc t^T T O T TECHNICAL AND"f o ?* T I i : v H ^ S T & c ^ t EXTENSION SERIES

i t e ^ C T M H j f l " **lfcF lT3Bf CENTRAL MARINE FISHERIESOTJUW T T O T N T RESEARCH INSTITUTE3&f*OT, VffTcT COCHIN, INDIAINDIAN COUNCIL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH


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FISH MORTALITY DUE TO POLLUTION BY INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTSIN INSHORE WATERS OF KAYALPATNAM*

Morta l ity o f f i shes and aqua t ic o rgan ismsdue to po l lu t ion was observed in inshore wate rsof Kay a lpa tnam a nd ad jacen t a rea . The po l lu t ionwas main ly caused by the indus t r ia l was tes re l e a se d b y Dh a r a n g a d h a r a Ch e m ic a l W o r k s a n dPlas t ic Res ins and Chemica ls L td , s i tua ted a tS h a h u p u r a m n e a r K a y a l p a t n a m l a n d i n g c e n t r e .Dead f ishes were found f loat ing and some washedashore for about 3 to 4 km along the coast ofK a y a l p a tn a m a n d T i r u c h e n d u r o n 2 - l l - 8 ' 9(Figs. 1-5). A brief acc ou nt of th is incide nt w ithresu l t s of ana lys is o f re levan t pa ram ete r s i s g iven .

Po l lu t ion p rob lems and re la ted f i sh mor ta l ity were no ted in an d 'a ro un d Kaya lpa tnam coas ton p r io r occas ions a l so dur ing 1982- '87 . Suc hmortal i ty occurred usually in November and occas iona lly in December as i t hap pen ed in 1983and 1986 an d in Feb ruary , 1985 . I t ha pp en s on lywhen the c reek opens , immedia te ly a f te r the ra ind ischarg ing the concen t ra ted e f fluen ts a ccu m ulated in the creek. The cau se of the morta l i ty wa sassu me d to be h igh conce n t ra t ion o f ac id foundin the indus t r ia l was te re leased f rom the chem ica lfac tory . D ha ran ga dh ara Chem ica l W orks L td ., i sthe major complex which produces a varie ty ofchemica ls such as caus t ic soda , l iqu id ch lo r ine ,hydrochloric acid , t r ichloroethylene, polychlo-roethylene, beneficia ted i lmenite and vinyl chlor ide mo nom er . T race s of m ercu ry and ac id were

Fig. 1. Fish mortali ty du e to pollution by indu stria l effluents ininshore waters of Ka yalpa tnam . (Mullets and othe r fishes).Reported by: I I . Moham ad Kasim, T. S . Bala subra man lan , S . Raj :

major po l lu tan ts d ischarged in to the e f f luen tchanne l lead ing to the lagoon and then in to thesea . P las t ic Res ins and Chemica ls L td . i s aprivate factory s i tuat ed adjac ent to DCW Ltd. Thek in ds of p ro duc ts m anu fac tu red a re polyv iny lch lo r ine res in , benzene , ta r and was te a romat ics .The type of po l lu ta n ts a re to ta l sus pen ded so l ids(ca rbon) oi l in t ra ces a nd o rgan ic com pou nds(ch lo rina ted hydroc arbon s) . The po l lu tan ts f romthe DRC mix with th e eff luents c omin g from M /s . DCW which a re u l t imate ly d ischarge d in to thesea .

The lagoon ext end s over a dis tan ce of 2 kmbefore jo in ing the sea . The lagoon m ou th rem ainsclosed for most of the period except during thepea k of nor thea s t mo nso on when i t opensd ischarg ing the po l lu ted wate r in to the sea . Thepo l lu ted wate r i s ye l lowish-brown in co lour w heni t mixes wi th the o pen se a wate r a nd f lows mos t lytowards the sou thern s ide due to the p reva i l ingcur ren t in the sea . The sud de n re lease of po l lu tedwate r in to the sea migh t have resu l ted in them as s mo r ta l i ty of f ish and aqua t ic o rgan ism s inthe inshore wate rs . Th is k ind o f mor ta l i ty oc curson ly for a day of two . Sub seq uen t ly the concen t ra t ion o f po l lu tan t i s reduce d cons iderab ly dueto furthe r inf lux of fresh wa ter by inc ess ant ra in .

Fig. 2. Fish mortali ty du e to pollution by indu stria l effluents ininshore waters of Kayalpatnam . (Cat fi shes) .:kiyam and V. S. Reng asam y, TRC of CMFRI, Tuticorin - 62 8 001,


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Fig. 3. Fish mortality due to pollution by industria l effluents ininshore waters of Kay alpatn am . (Group of eels).Dur ing our r egular v i s i t t o Kayalpatnamlanding cent re on 20-11- '89 in connect ion wi th

f ishery biology work, we encountered such a f i shmor ta l ity in Kay alpatnam c oas t . Dead f ishes an daquat ic organisms were seen r ight f rom lagoonmo uth to Ti ruc hen dur . The conc ent ra t ion ofdead o r gan i sm s w as #more near the DCW lagoonand was l esser towa rds Ti ruc hen dur . Dead f i shesTABLE 1. Percentage composition and size range of differentmarine organisms which suffered m ortality on2-11-'89 along the Kayalpatnam coast

SpeciesMugil s pp .Hemirhamphus marginatusTachysurus maculatusJhontus s pp .Thryssa mystaxCliorinemus sp .Pampus argenteusThyrsoidea macruraGymnothorax sp .Other eelsEpinephelus s pp .Platycephalus s pp .Diagramma sp .Lutianus s pp .Lethrinus nebulosusCallyodon spp.Scatophagies argusTherapon s p p .CrabsCow fishStar fishClamsSea weed

Percentage2 5

51 32

2A3

1523222152412221

Size range (mi7 5 -8 0 -6 0 -180 -9 0 -

200 -150 -

2110 -650 -4 0 0 -230 -100 -200 -190 -170 -200 -130 -

7 5 -9 0 -70 -6 5 -3 0 -

2 4 01 0 5

9 02 1 01 4 02 7 02 1 0

32307 9 09 0 03 5 02 2 02 9 02 2 02 1 52 3 51 6 51 1 51 0 51 2 0

7 05 0

Fig. 4. Fish mortality du e to pollution by indu strial effluents ininshore waters of Kayalpatn am. (Crabs and f ish).were col lected an d m ea su red . The li st of f i shesand the i r percentage composi t ion and s i ze r angesare given in Table 1. As m an y as 23 grou ps ofmar ine organi sms compr i s ing f i sh , c r abs , s t a rfish, molluscs etc. were found to be affected byth e pol luted wa ter . Mu l lets , ca t f i sh an d eels wereaffected severely.

I n o r de r t o unde r s t and t he causses f o r t hemortal i ty, water samples were col lected at fourdi f f erent s t a t ions and analysed for parameter ssuch as t empera ture , d i sso lved oxygen, sa l in i ty ,pH and mercury content (Table 2) . The Physico-chem i ca l pa r am e t e r s i nd i ca t e t ha t t em per a t u r e ,sal ini ty and dissolved oxygen were well wi thin th enormal to l erable r anges in a l l t he s t a t ions ,whereas pH appeared to be on the cr i t i ca l s ide .Dur ing low t ide , t he pH remained on the ac id icside in al l the four stat ions and the acidi ty increa sed towa rds the D.C.W. lagoon. Du r ing hight ide the pH was l i t t le higher in al l the stat ionsand i t was 7.62 and 7.9 in Mada Koi l andKay alpatnam landing cen t res r espective ly . Themor ta l i ty might have been caused by h igh t aoxicnature of acidi ty.

Fig. 5. Fish mo rtality due to pollution by indus trial effluents ininshore waters of Kayalpatnam. [Scatophagus argus).27


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TABLE 2. Distribution of dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperatu re, pH and mercury at different places situated at various distancesfrom the lagoon mouth at low tide and high tide on 2-11-89Stat ion

DCW lagoon

DCW lagoon m ou thMada Koll landingcentreKayalpatnam landingcentre areaDCW lagoon

DCW lagoon m out hMada Koll landingcen t reKayalpatnam landing

centre area

Dis tancefrom lagoonm o u t h100 m(towardsInland)0.0 m1.6 km

3.0 km100 m(towardsInland)0.0 m1.5 km3.0 km

Time(hrs)0 9 . 3 0

0 9 . 4 010.0010.2014.30

14.4015.0015.30

Tide

Low

LowLowLowHigh

HighHighHigh

Temperature (C)Atmos- Surfacep h e r e29 . 5

29 . 529 . 830 . 033 . 2

33.233 . 033 . 0

27 . 2

27 . 627 . 627 . 828 . 5

28 . 528 . 828 . 8

Dissolvedoxygen(ml/1)

4 . 004 . 3 54.29

5.266 . 186 . 06

Salinity(%o)30 . 10

3 1 . 1 43 1 . 7 53 2 . 0 130 . 97

32 . 5233 . 2233 . 22

PH

3.26

4 . 2 55.826 . 683 . 85

6 . 887.627.90

Mercury(mg/U3 2 0 0

11005603 2 0

3 0 0 0

26 018 012 0

* could no t be analysed.

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CMFRI report on pollution in Kayalpatnam due to DCW