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cMay 23, 2009Joseph Nicphore Nipce View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826

Joseph Nicphore Nipce View from the Window at Le Gras, 1826

Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

3Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 1839

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This man is the first human being to be photographed.

Because of the long exposure times the busy street in Paris appears empty.

A single individual stopped to have his shoes shined, and because he didnt move, he has been preserved for ever.

Louis Daguerre, Boulevard du Temple, Paris 18395Louis Daguerre 1787-1851

Inventor of the Daguerreotype, the first successful photographic process, announced in 1839.

Daguerreotype of Louis Dageurre6Millions of Daguerreotypes were made during the 1840s. 90,000 were made in the colony of New South Wales.Daguerreotype locket from about 1845

7The Calotype process

William Henry Fox Talbot 1800-1877inventor of the Calotype process, the negative/positive process which modern analogue photography is based on.

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On holiday at Lake Como in Italy, Talbot was trying to sketch the views with the aid a Camera Lucida,

fairy pictures, creations of a moment, and destined as rapidly to fade away.

Talbots 1833 drawing, made with a Camera Lucida, at the Villa Melzi.9

It was during these thoughts that the idea occurred to me how charming it would be if it were possible to cause these natural images to imprint themselves durably, and remain fixed upon the paper!Talbots 1833 drawing, made with a Camera Lucida, at the Villa Melzi.10Lake Como from Villa Melzi, From Google Earth (photo by Narcissa Milano)

11Villa Melzi. From Google Earth (photo by W. Buerskens)

Just past that third lion statue Fox Talbot sat and made his drawing which led him to invent photography! 12Fox Talbot, latticed window negative 1835

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Fox Talbot, latticed window positive image14A painters eye will often be arrested where ordinary people see nothing remarkable Fox Talbot, The Open Door, 1844

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/2005.100.49815Fox Talbot, haystack at Laycock Abbey 1840s a casual gleam of sunshine may awaken a train of thoughts and feelings, and picturesque imaginings.

16Hill & Adamson

In 1843, a painter and a chemist teamed up to form a photographic partnership, specializing in portraiture. They used Fox Talbots Calotype process.

Hill & Adamson, Newhaven Pilot c1845Hill & Adamson, Mrs Elizabeth Johnstone, , c1845

Hill & Adamson, Newhaven Pilot c1845Hypolyte Bayards Direct Positive Process, 1840

There was a third inventor of photography at the same time as Daguerre and Talbot.

Hypolyte Bayard was a Paris office worker who had been working independently without knowing anything about the other two.

Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

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The corpse which you see here is that of M. Bayard, inventor of the process that has just been shown to you

Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

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The Government, which has been only too generous to Monsieur Daguerre, has said it can do nothing for Monsieur Bayard, and the poor wretch has drowned himself.

Hypolyte Bayard self portrait, 1840

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Julia Margaret Cameron,the beginnings of art photography

Julia Margaret Cameron was a wealthy Victorian lady who took up photography as an amateur in 1863.

"From the first moment I handled my lens with a tender ardour, and it has become to me as a living thing, with voice and memory and creative vigour."

Henry Herschel Hay Cameron, portrait of Julia Margaret Cameron, 1870

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Cameron was one of the first to develop fictional photography, the staging of narrative for the camera.

From Tennyson's poem

"O Lancelot, if thou love me get thee hence, And then they were agreed upon a night to meet And part forever, Stammering and staring; it was their last hour, A madness of farewells.Julia Margaret Cameron, The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, 1874

23Julia Margaret Cameron, The Kiss of Peace 1869

Julia Margaret Cameron, The Parting of Sir Lancelot and Queen Guinevere, 1874 24

Camerons portraits are among the finest in the history of photography.

She wanted to capture "the greatness of the inner as well as the features of the outer man.

Julia Margaret Cameron, Sir John Herschel, 1867, http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/L.1997.84.6

25http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/L.1997.84.6

Julia Margaret Cameron, Edward John Eyre, 1867, Australian explorer

Julia Margaret Cameron, Sir John Herschel, 1867, 26COLLODION WET PLATE PROCESS

A new photographic process invented in 1850. It required the photographic materials to be coated, sensitized, exposed and developed within the span of about fifteen minutes. On location, this required a portable darkroom to be set up close to the camera

COLLODION WET PLATE PROCESS

Preparing the plate

1Prepare the glass plate by polishing and cleaning it

2Mix collodion, iodide, Bromide ether and alcohol and leave for one week

3Pour the solution evenly onto the glass

4In the darkroom, immerse the glass into a bath of silver nitrate

5Load glass plate into the film holder

6Take the photo

Developing the plate

6Develop the image by pouring developer evenly over the glass

7Pour water over the glass to rinse it

8Put the glass in fixer

9Rinse the glass

10 Dry the glass over a lamp

11Seal the image by pouring warm varnish over the heated glass

1850s Wet Plate field darkroom

Albumen Printing

The albumen print,was invented in 1850 and was the first commercial method of producing a photographic print.

It used egg whites to bind the photographic chemicals to the paper. It was the dominant form of photographic prints from 1855 to about 1900.

Albumen prints have warm reddish brown colour

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cq1RvahEPSkSamuel Bourne, The Burning Ghat, Benares, India 1870

35Timothy OSullivan, Incidents of the War: A Harvest of Death, Gettysburg 1863

Camille Silvy, Carte-de-Visite of Princess Leiningen,1860

Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion

In 1872, the photographer Edward Muybridge was hired by Leland Stanford, a businessman and race-horse owner to settle a bet.

This was whether all four of a horse's feet leave the ground at any one time during a gallop. The movement is too fast for the human eye.

38The experimental track used during the production of The Horse in Motion (1881)

Muybridge developed a scheme for instantaneous capture of the galloping horses. This involved an array of cameras, an electrical trigger and special chemical formulas for film processing. 39

Edgar Degas, 1871 Before Muybridges photographs were published, artists incorrectly painted galloping horses. This Impressionist shows shows the false flying gallop.40

Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878

Edgar Degas, 1871 The photographs clearly showed that a horse really does become airborne during a gallop, but not in the way artists thought.41

Edgar Degas, 1871 Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878 42Muybridgizer iPhone app

Edward Muybridge, Animal Locomotion 1878

http://www.muybridge.org/43Contemporary artists working with vintage techniques44John Coffer, Tin-Type of Civil War re-enactment, 1999

Jerry Spagnoli, daguerreotype of Twin Towers attack, 9/11Matthew Brandt, La Brea, 2013.

Matthew Brandt, La Brea, 2013.

Matthew Brandt Heliographs

The La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles is a natural lake of tar. Prehistoric bones were found preserved in it and are mounted in a nearby museum.

Mathew Brandt photographed these displays of prehistoric bones and made very large transparencies.

Then he collected tar from the tar pits, coated large sheets of aluminium, laid the transparencies over them and left them in the L.A. sun.

After washing them to remove the soft tar, only the sun-hardened parts remain, leaving an image of the fossil created from its ancient remains.Getty Museum: The Wet Collodion ProcesWet plate photographer Rob Gibsonhttp://www.goldstreetstudios.com.au/

San Francisco Tintype studio