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Clústers Globales de
Innovación
Xavier Ferràs, MBA, PhD.
Octubre 2016
In 100 years:
Average human lifespan x2Average per capita incoming
x3Chilhood mortality /10Cost of food /10Cost of electricity /100Cost of communications /1000
A World of Abundance?
(Moore’s Law)
5
Source: Nature
www.acc10.cat
Technology kills business models
Towards a world of inequality?
Accelerated
waves of
instability
(global
interconnection)
Competig in complex systems
Competing in a VUCAenvironment.
(Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity,
Ambiguity)
DYNAMIC ENVIRONMENTS
“Si el ritmo de cambio de una empresa
es inferior al de su entorno, el final de
la empresa está a la vista… La única
pregunta es cuándo será el final”
Jack Welch
CEO, General Electric
¿Qué cambia más rápidamente, vuestra
empresa o vuestro entorno?
Doing nothing is doing something…
But… WHAT IS INNOVATION?
Or, to go to the point… Which is the
difference between INNOVATION and
IMPROVEMENT?
“An innovator is who
goes where no other
is”
Reinhold Messner
“Every significant
innovation incorporates
significant risk”
Henry Chesbrough
POTENCIAL
COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE
RISK (Commercial risk, management risk,
technological risk...)
Innovation
project
portfolio
Market-pull,
incremental
innovation
Tech-push,
radical
innovation
Business Model
Innovation
Incremental vs radical innovation
IMPROVE THE PRESENT
INVENT THE FUTURE
“El problema del emprendedor”
Definir las bases de un business plan:
Características del producto
Mercado potencial
Precio
Previsiones de venta
Necesidades operativas (proveedores,
manufactura, logística…)
Necesidades financieras
POTENCIAL
COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE
RISK (commercial risk, management risk,
technological risk...)
Innovation
project
portfolio
COMPETING ON THE CORE/
Improving the present
Tech-push,
radical
innovation
Innovación incremental o disruptiva
Market-pull,
incremental
innovation
INVENT THE FUTURE
Business Model
Innovation
Non-conventional
management
Innovative leadership
Creativity
Exploration teams
Open Innovation
(outsiders)
Exponentian thinking
New competence building
Incremental vs radical innovation
(Ambidexterity: expoting vs exploring)
30% 40%40%20%
10%
# Ecosistemas
de innovación
Croatia
Euskadi
Source: Guillermo Dorronsoro. Deusto Business School
UNENPLOYMENT
| |
OmahaTelemarketingHotel ReservationsCredit Card Processing
Wisconsin / Iowa / IllinoisAgricultural Equipment
DetroitAuto Equipmentand Parts
RochesterImaging Equipment
Western MassachusettsPolymers
BostonMutual FundsBiotechnologySoftware and Networking
Venture Capital
HartfordInsurance
ProvidenceJewelryMarine Equipment
New York CityFinancial ServicesAdvertisingPublishingMultimedia
Pennsylvania / New JerseyPharmaceuticals
North CarolinaHousehold FurnitureSynthetic FibersHosiery
Dalton, GeorgiaCarpets
South FloridaHealth Technology Computers
Nashville / LouisvilleHospital Management
Baton Rouge / New OrleansSpecialty Foods
Southeast Texas / LouisianaChemicals
DallasReal Estate Development
WichitaLight AircraftFarm Equipment
Los Angeles AreaDefense AerospaceEntertainment
Silicon ValleyMicroelectronicsBiotechnologyVenture Capital
Cleveland / LouisvillePaints & Coatings
PittsburghAdvanced MaterialsEnergy
West MichiganOffice and Institutional Furniture
MichiganClocks
CarlsbadGolf Equipment
MinneapolisCardio-vascularEquipmentand Services
Warsaw, IndianaOrthopedic Devices
ColoradoComputer Integrated Systems / ProgrammingEngineering ServicesMining / Oil and Gas Exploration
PhoenixHelicoptersSemiconductorsElectronic Testing LabsOptics
Las VegasAmusement / CasinosSmall Airlines
OregonElectrical Measuring Equipment
Woodworking EquipmentLogging / Lumber Supplies
SeattleAircraft Equipment and DesignBoat and Ship BuildingMetal Fabrication
BoiseSawmillsFarm Machinery
Los clusters son una realidad
Fuente: Cluster Development
Microeconomia de la competitivitat
Source: Conrad Hackett
Retailing- Passeig de Gràcia
Yves Saint LaurenLa MallorquinaCatimini
PodivmLouis VuittonSuárez
ChopardPronovias
TascónReplayBurberry
System Action
Punt RomaAdolfo Dominguez
VogueSalvatore FerragamoRoca Joiers
Gonzalo ComellaFeigarMango
BallyBel
GlobeKokaïVinçon
ChanelArmani
GratacósLa PeinetaJofrè
MontblancYankoRabat
Ana Mora BrunellaFriday’s ProyectSanta Eulàlia
Carolina HerreraEscadaTous
VasariUC Benetton
MangoMarella
Armand BasiSisleyDesigual
BulgariBoulevard RosaLacoste
BaguésLoewe
ZaraFurest
Marina RinaldiMax MaraCortefiel
Ermenegildo ZegnaPurificación GarcíaPedro del Hierro
DieselBreil
Tommy HilfigherMarlboro ClassicsCaramelo
LladróPuma
Carrera y CarreraMiss Sixty
SILICON VALLEY
But Porter relied in the structure of the industry
Los clústers
son escuelas
de estrategia
Resource-based strategy
Pivoting on Capacities
Non-conventional
management
Innovative leadership
Creativity
Exploration teams
Open Innovation
(outsiders)
Exponentian thinking
New competence building
Incremental vs radical innovation
(Ambidexterity: exploting vs
exploring)
30% 40%40%20%
10%
# 1 EEUU
“Para competir con los líderes hay que
hacer lo que hacen ellos, no lo que
dicen que hacen”
Mariana Mazzucato, SPRU (Science Policy Research Unit, Sussex
University).
• Strategy: Long-term vision. Model. Decisions about the tools and the
dynamics (not necessarily about the subjects –picknig winners-). Goals
(GDP growing, productivity, exports, high-tech weight in the economy…)
• Stability. Strategic agreement among the actors (Commerce Chambers,
Unions, Industrial Organizations, Universities, Research Centres, Opinion
Leaders, Political Partys), who must known share, participate and defense
the strategy, independently of the political cycle.
• Capabilities (cutting-edge research centres, leading universities,,
technologically advanced firms, multinationals, talented entrepreneurs,
business angels, venture capital
• Pressures to innovate faster, better, cheaper (market, international
competition, local rivalry, new regulatory requirements)
• Trust & connectedness (relationships in the short distance, confidence,
social network)
• Incentives. Entrepreneurial administration willing to fund & face risk to
assure long-term competitiveness.
NATIONAL INNOVATION SYSTEMS - What do we need?
USA – Lack of Industrial Policy?
• DARPA (Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency): 2,9 b$
• National Institutes of Health: 31,3 b$
• National Science Foundation: 7,37 b$
• Advanced Technology Program (manufacturing): 1,8 b$
• Small Business Administration: 2 b$ (efecte multiplicador 1:2)
• Compra pública innovadora: 2,5% del pressupost de compra pública
Total budget:
18.000 M US $
USA – Compra pública innovadora
Israel – Start-Up Nation
The World Economic Forum has designated Israel as one of the leading countries in the world in technological innovation. In the 2010-2011 WEF Global Competitive Index Report, Israel received an overall rank of the 24th most competitive country.
Israeli highlights from IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook include:
ranked 1st for total expenditure on R&D
ranked 1st for business expenditure on R&D
ranked 1st for availability of qualified scientists and engineers
ranked 2nd for venture capital availability
ranked 2nd for information technology skills
ranked 3rd for Quality of Scientific Research Organizations
ranked 3rd for Registered Patents Per Capita
ranked 3rd for flexibility and availability of the workforce
ranked 4th for higher education achievements
ranked 6th for overall innovation
MATIMOP, the executive agency of the Office of the Chief Scientist (OCS), of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Labor of Israel (MOITAL) is the official National Agency for industrial R&D cooperation in Israel, charged with promoting highly supportive policies to build Israel's industrial infrastructure, and nurturing industrial innovation and entrepreneurship.
Total Budget of OCS-MOITAL for All Support Programs, NIS millions, 2000–2010
Israel – Start-Up Nation
Israel – Start-Up Nation
# 2 ASIA
South Korea• Visión a largo plazo
• Construcción del
“sistema” desde las
capacidades reales
(manufactura)
• 1b$ invertidos en
los 80 para
evolucionar hacia
la tecnología de
semiconductores
• Disciplina
exportadora
PIB
31/10/2016 62
63
Singapur
# 3 Norte de
Europa
USA
ALE
FRA
UK
ITA
ESP
GRE
USA
ALE
FRA
UK
ITA
ESP
GRE
Source: Guillermo Dorronsoro
ALE
USA
ALE
FRA
UK
ITA
ESP
GRE
Source: Guillermo Dorronsoro
Finlandia
Germany – High Tech Strategy
• 3% R+D/GDP
by 2015 (2’8%
now)
• 5% increasing
in federal
innovation
budget during
last 10 years
• 15.000 M€ extra
to face crisis in
2009
• Technological
roadmaps for
SMEs
• 800 M€ to early
stage start-ups
since 2006
• 66 centers
• 22.000 employees
• €1.9b revenues– R&D: 70%
• 30% companies
• 25% competitive funds
• 15% other
– other: 30%
• State & Lands
• Internationalization
Materials and Components -
MATERIALS
EMI, Freiburg
IAP, Potsdam
IBP, Stuttgart
ICT, Pfinztal
IFAM, Bremen
IKTS, Dresden
ISC, Würzburg
ISE, Freiburg
ISI, Karlsruhe
IWM, Freiburg
IZFP, Saarbrücken
LBF, Darmstadt
WKI, Braunschweig
Guest:
ITWM, Kaiserslautern
IGB, Stuttgart
Production
IFF, Magdeburg
IML, Dortmund
IPA, Stuttgart
IPK, Berlin
IPT, Aachen
IWU, Chemnitz
UMSICHT, Oberhausen
Microelectronics
CNT, Dresden
ENAS, Chemnitz
ESK, München
HHI, Berlin
IAF, Freiburg
IIS, Erlangen
IISB, Erlangen
IMS, Duisburg
IPMS, Dresden
ISIT, Itzehoe
IZM, Berlin
FHR, Wachtberg
Guest:
Fokus, Berlin
IDMT, Ilmenau
IZFP, Saarbrücken
Light & Surfaces
FEP, Dresden
ILT, Aachen
IOF, Jena
IPM, Freiburg
IST, Braunschweig
IWS, Dresden
Life Sciences
IBMT, St. Ingbert
IGB, Stuttgart
IME, Schmallenberg,
Aachen
ITEM, Hannover
IVV, Freising
IZI, Leipzig
EMB, Lübeck
ICT Group FIRST, Berlin
FIT, St. Augustin
FOKUS, Berlin
IAIS, St. Augustin
IAO, Stuttgart
IDMT, Ilmenau
IESE, Kaiserslautern
IGD, Darmstadt
IOSB, Karlsruhe
ISST, Berlin
ITWM, Kaiserslautern
MEVIS, Bremen
SCAI, St. Augustin
SIT, Darmstadt
FKIE, Wachtberg
Guest:
ESK, München
HHI, Berlin
IIS, Erlangen
Defense and Security
EMI, Freiburg
IAF, Freiburg
ICT, Pfinztal
INT, Euskirchen
FHR, Wachtberg
FKIE, Wachtberg
IOSB, Karlsruhe
Guest:
IIS, Erlangen
HHI, Berlin
Alemanya – Key Enabling Technologies
Alemania vs USA
# 4 Sur de Europa
Source: Innovation Union Scoreboard, 2013
Sistema o conjunto de agentes?
Source: Innovation Union Scoreboard, 2013
Salida de la crisis (?)
• Tiempo pera llegar a Israel?
• A Corea del Sur?
• A Finlandia?
• A los objetivos de Europa 2020 (3% R+D/PIB)?
• A Alemania?
• A USA?
• A China?
• A la media de la UE (2% R+D/ PIB)?
Al ritmo actual de I+D/PIB
181,6 años
176,3 años
155,3 años
102 años
97,4 años
92,1 años
48,9 años
47,9 años
En investigación e innovación solo
queda un camino:
Seguir adelante, con más excelencia,
más esfuerzo y más compromiso
Thanks for your attention!
Xavier Ferràs
@XavierFerras
LinkedIn Me!!!!
