Clusters and knowledge

8/3/2019 Clusters and knowledge.

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HMOBVN \DVDM\FNTOBX GI\ BOHTVX\BMEHROM@BFV

H\TBH Zirkboj Qmpdr Oi 1


2/43

Feustdr moh Koiwedhjd3 Eifme Luzz, Jeilme Qbpdebods moh tnd Qrifdss ig

Koiwedhjd Frdmtbio

Nmrmeh Lmtndet, Mohdrs @me`ldrj moh Qdtdr @mskdee

Nmrmeh Lmtndet, Qrigdssir, Qn.H.Gmfuety ig Jdijrmpny, Qnbebpps-Tobvdrsbty ig @mrlurj,

Hdutsfnnmusstrmd =1, H-6416: @mrlurj, Jdr`moy,D-`mbe3lmtndetAd`.uob-grmokgurt.hd

Mohdrs @me`ldrj, Qrigdssir, Qn.H.

Hdpmrt`dot ig Vifbme moh Dfioi`bf Jdijrmpny, Tppsmem Tobvdrsbty,

Q.I. Lix 4=6, V-:4= 8:= 8:= :8 =>,D-`mbe3 mohdrs.`me`ldrjAkuetjdij.uu.sd

Qdtdr @mskdee, Qrigdssir, [email protected] gir Dfioi`bf moh Lusbodss \dsdmrfn (FDL\) moh Hmobsn \dsdmrfn Tobt gir Bohustrbme Hyom`bfs (H\TBH),

Hdpmrt`dot ig Bohustrbme Dfioi`bfs moh Vtrmtdjy (BWV), Fipdonmjdo Lusbodss Vfniie (FLV),

Niwbtzvdc 71, HK-=4 >=, Gmx3 +84 62


3/43

=. Botrihuftbio

Xnd rbhhed wd mrd hdmeboj wbtn bo tnbs pmpdr bs fiofdrodh wbtn spmtbme feustdrboj ig

dfioi`bf mftbvbty moh bts rdemtbio ti tnd spmtbmebty ig koiwedhjd frdmtbio bo vmrbius sirtsig botdrmftbvd edmroboj prifdssds. M fiohdosdh vdrsbio ig m koiwedhjd-lmsdh tndiry ig

spmtbme feustdrboj, ti wnbfn tnd prdsdot mutnirs nmvd fiotrblutdh bo vmrbius pmpdrs bo

rdfdot ydmrs,=jids ms gieeiws. Booivmtbio, koiwedhjd frdmtbio moh edmroboj mrd mee ldst

uohdrstiih bg sddo ms tnd rdsuet ig botdrmftbvd prifdssds wdrd mftirs pissdssboj hbggdrdot

typds ig koiwedhjd moh fi`pdtdofbds fi`d tijdtndr moh dxfnmojd bogir`mtbio wbtn tnd

mb` ti sievd si`d tdfnobfme, irjmobsmtbiome, fi``drfbme ir botdeedftume priled`s.

Vufn dxfnmojd moh botdrmftbio fmo ld irjmobsdh bo hbggdrdot wmys. Xnd `mbo mrju`dot

rdjmrhboj tnd spmtbme mspdfts ig tnbs nms lddo tnmt io tnd io nmoh tnd `ird fihbgbdh

tnd koiwedhjd bovievdh, tnd edss spmfd-sdosbtbvd sniueh tndsd prifdssds tdoh ti ld. Bg

io tnd itndr nmoh tnd koiwedhjd bovievdh bs hbggusd moh tmfbt, tnd mrju`dot bs tnmt

sufn botdrmftbio moh dxfnmojd bs hdpdohdot io spmtbme prixb`bty ldtwddo tnd mftirs

bovievdh. Ioey ly ldboj bo tnd sm`d eifme dovbrio`dot, moh ly `ddtboj rdpdmtdhey bo

pdrsio, fmo moh wbee sufn `ird sulted gir`s ig bogir`mtbio ld dxfnmojdh. Xnbs nms

lddo pripisdh ms tnd `mbo `dfnmobs` tnmt `mkds bt ldodgbfbme gir m gbr` ti ld eifmtdh bo

m spmtbme feustdr, surriuohdh ly itndr sb`bemr moh rdemtdh gbr`s wbtn wnbfn bt fmo

botdrmft.

Xnbs pmpdr jriws iut ig m fdrtmbo hbssmtbsgmftbio wbtn tnd mlivd ebod ig rdmsioboj (sdd,

mesi, Jdrtedr


4/43

).


5/43

6

Xnbs ebod ig rdmsioboj `mkds us suspdft tnmt tnd pmrtbfuemrey suffdssgue feustdrs mrd tnd

iods tnmt mrd mled ti lubeh moh `mbotmbo m vmrbdty ig fnmoodes gir eiw-fist dxfnmojd ig

koiwedhjd wbtn rdedvmot nit-spits mriuoh tnd jeild (Lmtndet


6/43

8


7/43

4

Friss-hdpmrt`dotme koiwedhjd frdmtbio

Xnd tdosbios ig `mbotmboboj mo boni`ijdodius koiwedhjd lmsd wbtnbo m sbojed gbr`

fmo, ig fiursd, ti si`d hdjrdd ld kdpt mt lmy ly tmkboj rdgujd ti tnd gir`mtbio ig m

hbvbsbiomebzdh botdrome strufturd ig tnd gbr` (Fnmohedr =271), tnd ldodgbts mrd igtdo iltmbodh mt

tnd dxpdosd ig tnd friss-hbvbsbiome syodrjbds tnmt fiostbtutdh tnd rmbsio htrd gir

hbvdrsbgbfmtbio. Xnd dosuboj hbggbfuetbds bo frissboj hdpmrt`dotme emydrs wbtnbo tnd igtdo

emrjd hbvbsbiomebzdh fi`pmoy `bjnt mt edmst pmrtey ndep ti dxpembo tnd ... si`dwnmt

briobf gmft tnmt `moy `momjdrs fiosbhdr botdrome trmosmftbios ti ld `ird hbggbfuet tnmo

dxtdrome iods, dvdo tniujn vdrtbfme botdjrmtbio bs pursudh gir prdsu`dh mhvmotmjds ms

Dffeds (=2>63 ) iofd pibotdh iut.:

@uetbhbvbsbiome gbr`s hi odvdrtndedss igtdo nmvd sulstmotbme mhvmotmjds bo ldboj mled ti

fi`lbod dxpdrtbsd gri` m lrimh rmojd ig gbdehs. Zndo dxpdrts gri` hbggdrdot

hdpmrt`dots jdt tijdtndr ti hdvdeip m odw prihuft, tnd gbrst stmjd wbee usumeey bovievd

tnd prdsdotmtbio ig hbggdrdot typds ig koiwedhjd rdedvmot gir tnbs odw hdvdeip`dot. Xnbs

rdqubrds tnmt vmrbius siurfds ig tmfbt koiwedhjd mrd mrtbfuemtdh moh dxpebfmtdh ti meeiw

gir bts dvmeumtbio moh hbsfussbio ly tnisd wni mrd oit gm`bebmr wbtn bt. Xnd odxt stmjdbovievds tnd rd-fi`lbomtbio moh fioodftbio ig tnd vmrbius dxpebfbt koiwedhjd piies bo

sufn m wmy ms ti hdvdeip m odw prihuft fiofdptbio. Xnbs fmo ld hiod bo riuohs ig

strufturdh hbsfussbio moh lrmbo stir`boj. Iofd tnbs stmjd nms rdsuetdh bo m odw prihuft

fiofdptbio, tnbs koiwedhjd nms ti ld botdromebsdh (d`lihbdh) boti tnd tdfnobfme systd`s

moh d`peiydds riutbods ti lubeh moh tdst m prititypd. Gbomeey, tnbs tmfbt koiwedhjd bs

fiostmotey ldboj trmosgir`dh moh pdrgdftdh tnriujn prifdssds ig edmroboj moh

sifbmebsboj. Xnriujn tnbs, prihuftbio fmo ld irjmobsdh wbtn eiwdr fists ivdr tb`d

(Oiomkm moh Xmkdufnb =224, Emwsio moh Eirdoz =222).

7Vdd mesi Kbd moh Nyods (=227) gir mo d`pbrbfmeey giuohdh frbtbqud ig tnd vdrtbfme hbsbotdjrmtbio nypitndsbstnmt uohdrebds ufn fiotd`pirmry wrbtboj bo dfioi`bf jdijrmpny.

:Xnbs jdodrme tdohdofy hids oit, ig fiursd, b`pey tnd titme mlsdofd ig rdme-ebgd sbtumtbios wndrd nirbziotmeey-

moh vdrtbfmeey-botdjrmtdh gbr`s nmvd iutebvdh ird spdfbmebzdh gbr`s (Vtmldr =22:).


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7

Bt bs ilvbius tnmt tnd vmrbius stmjds bo tnbs koiwedhjd-trmosgir`mtbio prifdss rdqubrd

hbggdrdot botdrome irjmobsmtbiome strufturds ti ld dxdfutdh dggbfbdotey (Oiomkm, Xiym`m,

moh Omjmtm

Vtirpdr (=22:) mrjuds tnmt tnd jimes ig fi`pedx booivmtbio prifdssds mrd rmrdey prd-

hdtdr`bodh. Xndy ldfi`d hdgbodh tnriujn mftbios wnbed tnd prifdss bs merdmhy

uohdrwmy. Zndo gmfdh wbtn m `mcir ilstmfed bo prihufboj m odw prihuft tnd

pmrtbfbpmtboj spdfbmebsts `my hdfbhd ti fnmojd tnd hbrdftbio ig tndbr koiwedhjd-frdmtbio

prifdssds ly usboj m odw `mtdrbme ir tdfnobqud hdvdeipdh bo moitndr ebod ig lusbodss.

Xnd spdfbmebsts `my mesi rd-odjitbmtd tndbr rdsdmrfn jimes moh dxtdoh tnd jriup ig

pdrsios tnmt dvmeumtd tnd` ldgird d`lmrkboj ioti tnd odxt stmjd. Ms m rdsuet ig rdgedxbvd

ldnmvbiur tndrd bs m fiostmot rdhdgbobtbio ir fmeblrmtbio ig jimes tnmt tmkd boti mffiuot

mee odw bogir`mtbio mliut tnd suffdss ir gmbeurd ig prdvbius mftbios. Botdrmftbvd

booivmtbio prifdssds rdey io rdemtbios ldtwddo pmrtbfuemr pdiped moh fiovdotbios ms

dxprdssdh bo mffdptdh oir`s, rueds moh prmftbfds. Dvdo bo edss fi`pedx tdfnoieijbds,

botdrmftbvd edmroboj prifdssds mfriss hdpmrt`dotme lirhdrs pemy mo b`pirtmot ried bo

tdfnoieijbfme prijrdss (@medfkb =22=). Xnd rdsuet ig sufn botdrmftbvd edmroboj bs igtdo

bofrd`dotme rmtndr tnmo rdvieutbiomry bo tdr`s ig tdfnoieijbfme fnmojd bo prihuft moh

prifdss hdsbjo.

Koiwedhjd frdmtbio mfriss gbr`s

Xnd bosbstdofd tnmt rmhbfme koiwedhjd frdmtbio bs usumeey mo botdrmftbvd prifdss mfriss

sdvdrme gbr`s d`momtds gri` rdfdot booivmtbio stuhbds, lut nms lddo mriuoh gir qubtd

si`d tb`d (\isdoldrj =2>7, Euohvmee

=2>>, Nkmosio =2>2, Nmjdhiiro moh Vfnmkdormmh =22


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:

=224, HdLrdssio dt me. =22:). Xnd Omtbiome Booivmtbio Vystd`s mpprimfn usds tnbs

bosbjnt ms bts `ist lmsbf lubehboj leifk (Euohvmee moh @mskdee


10/43

>

6. Koiwedhjd frdmtbio wbtnbo feustdrs3 tnd omturd ig eifme luzz

Bo rdfdot wirk, Qirtdr (


11/43

2

dggdftbvdey fi`pmrd tndbr pdrgir`mofd wbtn tnmt ig tndbr fi`pdtbtirs. Ivdrmee, tnbs

frdmtds rbvmery moh sdrvds ms mo bofdotbvd gir prihuft hbggdrdotbmtbio moh vmrbmtbio.

Xnd vdrtbfme feustdr hb`dosbio fiosbsts ig tnisd gbr`s wnbfn mrd fi`ped`dotmry moh mrd

botdr-ebokdh tnriujn m odtwirk ig suppebdr, sdrvbfd moh fusti`dr rdemtbios. Merdmhy

@mrsnmee (=2


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=1

Eifmebsdh fmpmlbebtbds

\dfdot fiotrblutbios ly Vtirpdr (=224, =22:), @mskdee moh @me`ldrj (=222m, =222l),

Emwsio (=222) moh itndrs nmvd pibotdh iut tnmt tnd dxbstdofd ig dfioi`bds ig sfmed moh

itndr kbohs ig trmhdh botdrhdpdohdofbds mrd sb`pey oit doiujn ti uohdrstmoh tnd

prifdssds ldnboh spmtbme feustdrboj. Bo d`pnmsbsboj eifmebsdh fmpmlbebtbds moh

uotrmhdh botdrhdpdohdofbds, bt nms lddo sniwo tnmt sifbi-bostbtutbiome sdttbojs, botdr-

gbr` fi``uobfmtbio moh botdrmftbvd prifdssds ig eifmebsdh edmroboj pemy hdfbsbvd rieds

bo prifdssds ig booivmtbio moh jriwtn (@mskdee dt me. =22>, Jirhio moh @fFmoo


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==

Qiwdee (


14/43

=4, Tzzb =22:).

Xndrdgird, hbggdrdot ìhds ig fi`ùobfmtbio ipdrmtd bo m feustdrs sifbme moh dfioi`bf

fiotdxt (d.j. fnmttboj, jissbpboj, lrmbostir`boj, bo-hdptn hbsfussbios, priled` momeysbs).

Fi-eifmtbio moh vbsblbebty jdodrmtd pitdotbmes gir dggbfbdot botdr-pdrsiome trmosemtbio ig

b`pirtmot odws moh bogir`mtbio ldtwddo tnd feustdr mftirs moh gbr`s (Emtiur =2>7,

Meedo =22:). Findrdofd wbtnbo tnd feustdr bs dstmlebsndh ly pmrtbfuemr edmroboj

prifdssds, pmtn hdpdohdofd, fi`ped`dotmry rdsiurfds, tdfnoieijbfme ippirtuobtbds moh

sdedftbio dovbrio`dots (@urhifn =224). Xnbs bs suppirtdh ly tnd mftume ìvd`dot ig

d`peiydds wbtn d`ldhhdh skbees, wnbfn mrd oit dmsbey edmrot, ldtwddo gbr`s (@do

>, Jiih`mo, Lm`girh

moh Vmyoir =2>2, Vmxdobmo =228, @mbeemt dt me. =22:, \mttb, Lrm`motb, moh Jirhio

=22:) rdemtbvdey gdw d`pbrbfme stuhbds nmvd mftumeey privbhdh fiovbofboj d`pbrbfme

dvbhdofd ig tnd supdrbirbty ig eifme ivdr oio-eifme botdrmftbio. Mftumeey, mo bofrdmsboj

ou`ldr ig stuhbds nmvd ldjuo ti qudstbio tnd sdd`bojey hi`bomot fnmrmftdr ig eifme

edmroboj prifdssds (@medfkb moh Iboms =222, Lmtndet


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=6

edmroboj prifdssds ti jbvd suppirt ti tnd femb`s mliut eifmebsdh edmroboj. Ms edmroboj

prifdssds mrd oit d`pbrbfmeey hifu`dotdh, tnd `drd mjjei`drmtbio ig suffdssgue gbr`s

bo mo bohustry sdd`s ti ld mssu`dh ti sbjobgy eifmebsdh edmroboj. Moh gurtndr, bt sdd`s

dvbhdot tnmt tnd frdmtbio ig odw koiwedhjd (edmroboj) `bjnt ld ldst vbdwdh ms m rdsuet

ig m fi`lbomtbio ig feisd moh hbstmot botdrmftbios (p. 674).

Xnd oddh gir pbpdebods

Iwdo-V`btn moh Qiwdee (


16/43

=8

Oiw, iod fiueh bohddh mrjud tnmt tnd dxtrm-eifme koiwedhjd geiws (tnriujn tnd pbpdebod

systd`) mrd oit hdpdohdot io tnd eifme luzz. Io tnd fiotrmry, bt sdd`s rdmsiomled ti

dxpdft tnmt tnd twi mrd ùtumeey rdbogirfboj (gbjurd =). Xnd ìrd gbr`s ig m feustdr

dojmjd bo tnd lubet-up ig trmos-eifme pbpdebods tnd ìrd bogir`mtbio moh odws mliut

`mrkdts moh tdfnoieijbds mrd pu`pdh boti botdrome odtwirks moh tnd ìrd hyom`bf tnd

luzz gri` wnbfn eifme mftirs ldodgbt. Ldfmusd ig tndbr pitdotbme ti botdosbgy eifme

botdrmftbio, jeilme pbpdebods suppirt m feustdrs findsbio moh strdojtndo tnd botdrome

piwdr rdemtbios moh trmosemtbio prifdssds ldtwddo feustdr mftirs (@urhifn =224).

@mbeemt (=22>) cibos tnd fmee gir mftirs bo m eifme `bebdu ti dstmlebsn systd`mtbf ebokmjds

wbtn dxtdrome bogir`mtbio siurfds ti `mbotmbo tnd geiw ig b`pirtmot bogir`mtbio mliut

`mrkdt trdohs moh odw tdfnoieijbds boti tnd `bebdu (Frdvibsbdr moh @mbeemt =22=).

Itndrwbsd, bt bs femb`dh, m `bebdu ruos tnd rbsk ig stmjomtboj. Gri` m stuhy ig m emrjdr

ou`ldr ig bohustrbme feustdrs bo hbggdrdot pmrts ig tnd wireh, Lrdsomnmo, Jm`lmrhdeem

moh Vmxdobmo (


17/43

=4

Gbjurd =

Eifme luzz mohjeilme pbpdebods

rdjbio

mftirs, gbr`s

eifme bogir`mtbio geiws,jissbp, odws, luzz

jeilme pb pdebods

snmrdh vmeuds, mttbtuhds,botdrprdtmtbvd sfnd`ds

Bo m sb`bemr vdbo, Vfitt (=22>) nms pibotdh iut tnmt tnd pdrgir`mofd ig eifmebsdh

prihuftbio systd`s hdpdohs io tnd rbjnt `bx ig eifme moh oio-eifme trmosmftbios moh tnmt

strioj jriwtn fmo ioey rdsuet bg dxtdrome `mrkdtsmrd ebokdh ti tnd prihuftbio feustdr.

Metniujn tndy pibot iut tnd b`pirtmofd ig dxtdrome ebokmjds, @mbeemt (=22>), Vfitt

(=22>), ebkd `moy itndrs, fiofdotrmtd io tnd momeysbs ig eifme odtwirks moh hi oit

privbhd m hddpdr uohdrstmohboj ig tnd omturd ig oio-eifme ebokmjds.

Moitndr jriup ig stuhbds d`pnmsbsds tnd oddh ig dxtrm-eifme ebokmjds ly rdgdrrboj ti tnd

hmojdrs ig eifme odtwirks tnmt mrd tii feisd, tii dxfeusbvd moh tii rbjbh. Vufn sifbme

rdemtbios fiueh pisd m tnrdmt ti tnd fi`pdtbtbvdodss ig m gbr` ir m jriup ig gbr`s. Bo mo

d`pbrbfme stuhy ig tnd Odw Rirk tdxtbed bohustry, Tzzb (=227, =22:) nms giuoh m

pndoi`doio tnmt nd rdgdrs ti ms ivdr-d`ldhhdhodss. Nd hd`iostrmtds tnmt feisd sifbme

rdemtbios ig suppebdrs wbtn tndbr eifme fusti`drs mrd ioey pisbtbvd ti m fdrtmbo dxtdot. Xnd

striojdr m emrjd jriup ig suppebdrs bs d`ldhhdh wbtn tnd sm`d sdt ig fusti`drs, tnd

`ird ebkdey mrd gbr`s ti gmbe. Gri` m hbggdrdot pibot ig hdpmrturd Lurt (=22


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=7

rdgdrs ti tndsd odtwirk rdemtbios ms peu`lboj tnriujn wnbfn bogir`mtbio moh rdsiurfds

mrd ldboj trmos`bttdh. Kdro (=227) d`pnmsbsds tnmt mttd`pts ti fiosfbiusey ipdo

odtwirk rdemtbios gir tnd bogeux ig dxtdrome bogir`mtbio, ms wdee ms `mbotmboboj m fdrtmbo

m`iuot ig hbstrust wbtn rdspdft ti trmhbtbiome sieutbios, bs b`pirtmot ti mvibh eifk-bo,

wnbed @medfkb (


19/43

=:

Eifme luzz bs ldodgbfbme ti booivmtbio prifdssds ldfmusd bt jdodrmtds ippirtuobtbds gir m

vmrbdty ig spiotmodius moh uomotbfbpmtdh sbtumtbios wndrd gbr`s botdrmft moh gir`

botdrprdtmtbvd fi``uobtbds (Oiomkm, Xiym`m, moh Omjmtm


20/43

=>

bostbtutbiome rdjb`ds bo irhdr ti fi``uobfmtd moh botdrmft wbtn mftirs bo itndr pmrts ig

tnd wireh tnriujn jeilme pbpdebods (Iwdo-V`btn moh Qiwdee


21/43

=2

hbvdrsbty ig lmfkjriuoh Findo moh Edvbotnme (=221) spdfbgy niw m gbr`s mlsirptbvd

fmpmfbty bs ìrd tnmo tnd sb`ped su` ig tnmt ig bts bohbvbhume d`peiydds moh `momjdrs.

Bt hdpdohs io tnd gbr`s hbrdft botdrgmfd wbtn bts eifme dovbrio`dot moh io tnd ou`ldr

moh dxtdot ig bts pbpdebods. Bt mesi hdpdohs io tnd wmy bo wnbfn bogir`mtbio fmo ld

trmosgdrrdh mfriss moh wbtnbo hdpmrt`dots moh sul-uobts wnbfn `my ld rdìvdh gri`

tnd pibot wndrd tnd pbpdebods dotdr boti tnd gbr`. Xnd ried ig botdrome jmtdkddpdrs moh

liuohmry-spmoodrs ldfi`ds frufbme gir trmosemtboj dxtdromeey prihufdh koiwedhjd boti

m gir` tnmt fmo ld botdromeey uohdrstiih ly tnd hdpmrt`dots ir bohbvbhumes gir wni` bt

bs pmrtbfuemrey vmeumled. Bo tnbs sdosd mlsirptbvd fmpmfbty fmo ld sddo ms m `dhbmtboj

vmrbmled ldtwddo tnd gbr`s dovbrio`dot moh bts irjmobsmtbiome mhmptmtbio (vmo hdo

Lisfn, Wieldrhm moh hd Lidr =222).

Gbr`s lubeh pbpdebods ti mffdss koiwedhjd tnmt bs oit merdmhy pmrt ig tndbr rdpdrtibrd. Rdt

bg tii hbggdrdot gri` tnd prdsdot `dotme rdprdsdotmtbios, jdoubodey odw koiwedhjd `my

dmsbey ld bjoirdh ir trdmtdh ms si`dtnboj uobqud moh tndrdgird oit tmkdo sdrbiusey

doiujn (Hurnm` =22=, =224) gmìus stmtd`dot tnmt hbvdrsd koiwedhjd strufturds wnbfn fidxbst bo


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4)3 Dfioi`bf mftbio moh dfioi`bf strufturd3 tnd priled` ig d`ldhhdhodss.M`drbfmo Ciurome ig Vifbieijy2=3 8>=-4=1.

Jbuebmob, D. (


30/43

Euohvmee, L.-. (=2>>)3 Booivmtbio ms mo botdrmftbvd prifdss3 gri` usdr-prihufdr botdrmftbio ti tndomtbiome systd` ig booivmtbio. Bo3 Hisb, J., Grdd`mo, F., Odesio, \. \., Vbevdrldrj, J. mohVidtd, E. E. J. (Dhs.)3 Xdfnobfme Fnmojd moh Dfioi`bf Xndiry. pp. 682-672. Eiohio3 Qbotdr.

Euohvmee, L.-. moh @mskdee, Q. (73 =-=4.

@mbeemt, H., Efnit, J., Edfiq, L. moh Qgbstdr, @. (=22:)3 Fi`pmrmtbvd momeysbs ig tnd strufturmehdvdeip`dot ig `bebdux3 tnd wmtfn bohustry bo tnd Vwbss moh Grdofn Curm Mrf. Bo3 \mttb, \.,Lrm`motb, M. moh Jirhio, \. (Dhs.)3 Xnd Hyom`bfs ig Booivmtbvd \djbios3 Xnd J\D@B

Mpprimfn. pp. =12-=6:. Mehdrsnit, Lriikgbdeh3 Msnjmtd.

@medfkb, D. C. (=22=)3 Xdfnoieijy moh Dfioi`bf Hdvdeip`dot3 Xnd Hyom`bfs ig Eifme, \djbiome, moh

Omtbiome Fnmojd. Lurot @bee3 Eioj`mo & Odw Rirk3 Zbedy

@medfkb, D. C. (


31/43


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61

Vfitt, M. C. (=2>>)3Odw Bohustrbme Vpmfds3 Gedxbled Qrihuftbio Irjmobzmtbio moh \djbiome Hdvdeip`dotbo Oirtn M`drbfm moh Zdstdro Duripd. Eiohio3 Qbio.

Vfitt, M. C. (=22>)3 \djbios moh tnd Zireh Dfioi`y3 Xnd Fi`boj Vnmpd ig Jeilme Qrihuftbio,Fi`pdtbtbio, moh Qiebtbfme Irhdr. Ixgirh, Odw Rirk3 Ixgirh Tobvdrsbty Qrdss.

Vb`io, N. M. (=2>4)3 Znmt wd koiw mliut tnd frdmtbvd prifdss. Bo3 Kuno, \. E. (Dh.)3 Griotbdrs boFrdmtbvd moh Booivmtbvd @momjd`dot. pp. 6-


33/43

Hmobsn \dsdmrfn Tobt gir Bohustrbme Hyom`bfsXnd \dsdmrfn Qrijrm``d

Xnd H\TBH-rdsdmrfn prijrm``d bs irjmobsdh bo 6 hbggdrdot rdsdmrfn tnd`ds3

- Xnd gbr` ms m edmroboj irjmobsmtbio

- Fi`pdtdofd lubehboj moh botdr-gbr` hyom`bfs

- Xnd edmroboj dfioi`y moh tnd fi`pdtbtbvdodss ig systd`s ig booivmtbio

Bo dmfn ig tnd tnrdd mrdms tndrd bs iod strmtdjbf tndirdtbfme moh iod fdotrme d`pbrbfme

moh piebfy irbdotdh irbdotmtbio.

Xnd`d M3 Xnd gbr` ms m edmroboj irjmobsmtbio

Xnd tndirdtbfme pdrspdftbvd fiogriots moh fi`lbods tnd rdsiurfd-lmsdh vbdw (Qdorisd,

=242) wbtn rdfdot mpprimfnds wndrd tnd gifus bs io edmroboj moh tnd hyom`bf

fmpmlbebtbds ig tnd gbr` (Hisb, Xddfd moh Zbotdr, =22


34/43

Xnd`d F3 Xnd edmroboj dfioi`y moh tnd fi`pdtbtbvdodss ig systd`s ig booivmtbio.

Xnd tnbrh tnd`d mb`s mt m striojdr fiofdptume moh tndirdtbfme lmsd gir odw fiofdpts

sufn ms 'systd`s ig booivmtbio' moh 'tnd edmroboj dfioi`y' moh ti ebok tndsd fiofdptsti tnd dfieijbfme hb`dosbio. Xnd gifus bs io tnd botdrmftbio ldtwddo bostbtutbiome moh

tdfnobfme fnmojd bo m spdfbgbdh jdijrmpnbfme spmfd. Mo mttd`pt wbee ld `mhd ti

syotndsbsd tndirbds ig dfioi`bf hdvdeip`dot d`pnmsbsboj tnd ried ig sfbdofd lmsdh-

sdftirs wbtn tnisd d`pnmsbsboj edmroboj-ly-prihufboj moh tnd jriwboj koiwedhjd-

botdosbty ig mee dfioi`bf mftbvbtbds.

Xnd `mbo d`pbrbfme moh piebfy bssuds mrd rdemtdh ti fnmojds bo tnd eifme hb`dosbios ig

booivmtbio moh edmroboj. Znmt rd`mbos ig tnd rdemtbvd mutioi`y ig omtbiome systd`s

ig booivmtbio9 Bs tndrd m tdohdofy tiwmrhs fiovdrjdofd ir hbvdrjdofd bo tnd

spdfbmebsmtbio bo trmhd, prihuftbio, booivmtbio moh bo tnd koiwedhjd lmsd btsdeg wndowd fi`pmrd rdjbios moh omtbios9

Xnd Qn.H.-prijrm``d

Xndrd mrd mt prdsdot ìrd tnmo =1 Qn.H.-stuhdots wirkboj bo feisd fioodftbio ti tnd

H\TBH rdsdmrfn prijrm``d. H\TBH irjmobsds rdjuemrey spdfbgbf Qn.H-mftbvbtbds

sufn ms wirksnips, sd`bomrs moh fiursds, igtdo bo m fi-ipdrmtbio wbtn itndr Hmobsn

ir botdromtbiome bostbtutds. Mesi b`pirtmot bs tnd ried ig H\TBH ms mo dovbrio`dot

wnbfn stbùemtds tnd Qn.H.-stuhdots ti ldfi`d frdmtbvd moh dggdftbvd. Xnbs bovievds

sdvdrme ded`dots3

- mffdss ti tnd botdromtbiome odtwirk bo tnd gir` ig vbsbtboj gdeeiws moh vbsbts mt tnd

sbstdr bostbtutbios

- pmrtbfbpmtbio bo rdsdmrfn pricdfts

- mffdss ti supdrvbsbio ig tndsds

- mffdss ti hmtmlmsds

Dmfn ydmr H\TBH wdefi`ds m eb`btdh ou`ldr ig girdbjo Qn.H.-stuhdots wni wmots

ti wirk io sulcdfts moh pricdft feisd ti tnd fird ig tnd H\TBH-rdsdmrfn prijrm``d.

Dxtdrome pricdfts

H\TBH-`d`ldrs mrd bovievdh bo pricdfts wbtn dxtdrome suppirt. Iod `mcir pricdft

wnbfn fivdrs sdvdrme ig tnd ded`dots ig tnd rdsdmrfn prijrm``d bs HBVKI; m

fi`pmrmtbvd momeysbs ig tnd Hmobsn Booivmtbio Vystd`; moh tndrd mrd sdvdrme pricdfts

bovievboj botdromtbiome fi-ipdrmtbio wbtnbo DT's 8tn Grm`dwirk Qrijrm``d. H\TBH

bs ipdo ti nist itndr pricdfts ms gmr ms tndy gmee wbtnbo bts rdsdmrfn prigbed. Vpdfbme

mttdotbio bs jbvdo ti tnd fi`ùobfmtbio ig rdsdmrfn rdsuets gri` sufn pricdfts ti m

wbhd sdt ig sifbme mftirs moh piebfy `mkdrs.


35/43

H\TBH Zirkboj Qmpdrs

27-= Euohvmee, Ldojt-kd3 Xnd Vifbme Hb`dosbio ig tnd Edmroboj Dfioi`y.(BVLO >:-:>:6-111-:)

27-< Giss, Obfiemb C.3 Gbr`s, Bofi`pedtd Fiotrmfts moh Irjmobzmtbiome Edmroboj.

(BVLO >:-:>:6-11=-4)

27-6 Hmeu`, Ldot moh Wbeeu`sdo, Jdrt3 Mrd IDFH Dxpirt VpdfbmebsmtbioQmttdros Vtbfky9 \demtbios ti tnd Fiovdrjdofd-Hbvdrjdofd Hdlmtd. (BVLO

>:-:>:6-11:-:>:6-116-=)

27-4 Mohdrsdo, Dsldo V., Cdosdo, Mood K., @mhsdo, Emrs moh Crjdosdo,@mrtbo3Xnd Odesio moh Zbotdr @ihdes \dvbsbtdh3 Qrititypds gir Fi`putdr-Lmsdh \dfiostruftbio ig Vfnu`pdtdrbmo Fi`pdtbtbio. (BVLO >:-:>:6-114->)

27-7 @mskdee, Qdtdr3Edmroboj bo tnd vbeemjd dfioi`y ig Hdo`mrk. Xnd ried igbostbtutbios moh piebfy bo sustmboboj fi`pdtbtbvdodss. (BVLO >:-:>:6-117-7)

27-: Giss, Obfiemb C. &Fnrbstdosdo, Cdos Grsedv3M Qrifdss Mpprimfn tiFirpirmtd Findrdofd. (BVLO >:-:>:6-11:-8)

27-> Giss, Obfiemb C.3Fmpmlbebtbds moh tnd Xndiry ig tnd Gbr`. (BVLO >:-:>:6-11>-:-:>:6-112-1)

27-=1 \bfnmrhsio, Jdirjd L.3Fi`pdtbtbio, Booivmtbio moh Bofrdmsboj \dturos.(BVLO >:-:>:6-1=1-8)

27-== @mskdee, Qdtdr3Eifmebsdh eiw-tdfn edmroboj bo tnd gurobturd bohustry.

(BVLO >:-:>:6-1==-:-:>:6-1=


36/43

27-=6 Mohdrsdo, Dsldo V.3Xnd Dvieutbio ig mo Bohustrbme Vdftir wbtn m WmrybojHdjrdd ig \iuohmliutodss ig Qrihuftbio. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=6-2)

27-=8 Hmeu`, Ldot, Emursdo, Kdeh & Wbeeu`sdo, Jdrt3 Xnd Eioj Xdr`Hdvdeip`dot ig IDFH Dxpirt Vpdfbmebsmtbio Qmttdros3 Hd-spdfbmebsmtbio moh

Vtbfkbodss. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=8-:)

27-=4 Giss, Obfiemb C.3 Xnirstdbo L. Wdledo3 Qrdfursir ig tnd Fi`pdtdofd-LmsdhMpprimfn ti tnd Gbr`. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=4-4)

27-=7 Jcdrhboj, Meemo Os3Irjmobsmtbiome booivmtbio bo tnd Hmobsn prbvmtdlusbodss sdftir. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=7-6)

27-=: Euoh, \dbonmrh & Jcdrhboj, Meemo Os3Xnd gedxbled fi`pmoy Booivmtbio,

wirk irjmobsmtbio moh nu`mo rdssiurfd `momjd`dot. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=:-=)

2:-= Giss, Obfiemb C.3Xnd \dsiurfd-Lmsdh Qdrspdftbvd3 Mo Mssdss`dot mohHbmjoisbs ig Qriled`s. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1=2->)

2:-< Emojeibs, \bfnmrh O. & Giss, Obfiemb C.3Fmpmlbebtbds moh Jivdromofd3 tnd\dlbrtn ig Qrihuftbio bo tnd Xndiry ig Dfioi`bf Irjmobzmtbio. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-1:-:>:6-1:-:>:6-1:-:>:6-1:-:>:6-1:6-1 Emzmrbf, Omtnmebd & @mrdoji, Eubjb3 Xiwmrhs m Fnmrmftdrbsmtbio ig Mssdtsmoh Koiwedhjd Frdmtdh bo Xdfnoieijbfme Mjrdd`dots3 Vi`d dvbhdofd gri`

tnd muti`ilbed-rilitbfs sdftir. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1


37/43

2:-2 Drost, Hbdtdr.3 Nbjn-Xdfn Fi`pdtbtbio Quzzeds. Niw Jeilmebzmtbio MggdftsGbr` Ldnmvbir moh @mrkdt Vtrufturd bo tnd Dedftriobfs Bohustry. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-1-:)

2:-=1 Giss, Obfiemb C.3 Dqubeblrbu` vs Dvieutbio bo tnd \dsiurfd-LmsdhQdrspdftbvd3 Xnd Fiogebftboj Edjmfbds ig Hd`sdtz moh Qdorisd. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-1:-:>:6-161-2)

2:-=< Drost,Hbdtdr & Euohvmee, Ldojt-kd3Bogir`mtbio Xdfnoieijy bo XndEdmroboj Dfioi`y Fnmeedojds gir Hdvdeipboj Fiuotrbds. (BVLO >:-:>:6-

16=-:)

2:-=6 Krbstdosdo, Grmok Vkiv (p)3 M stuhy ig giur irjmobsmtbios bo hbggdrdotfi`pdtbtbvd dovbrio`dots. (BVLO >:-:>:6-16:-:>:6-166-6)

2:-=4 Emursdo, Kdeh (p) & Hrdcdr, Bom (p)3Hi Botdr-sdftirme Ebokmjds @mttdr girBotdromtbiome Dxpirt Vpdfbmebsmtbio9 (BVLO >:-:>:6-168-=)

2:-=7 Euohvmee, Ldojt-kd & Krbstdosdo, Grmok Vkiv (p)3Irjmobsmtbiomefnmojd, booivmtbio moh nu`mo rdsiurfd Hdvdeip`dot ms m rdspiosd ti

bofrdmsdh fi`pdtbtbio. (BVLO >:-:>:6-167->)

2>-= Qrst, @dttd (p)3Mo D`pbrbfme @ihde ig Gbr` Ldnmvbiur3 M hyom`bfMpprimfn ti Fi`pdtdofd Mffu`uemtbio moh Vtrmtdjbf Ldnmvbiur. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-16:-7)

2>-< Hufmtde, Kdo3Edmroboj moh skbees bo tnd Koiwedhjd Dfioi`y. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-16>-8)

2>-6 Drost, Hbdtdr3Znmt Qdr`bts V`mee Gbr`s ti Fi`pdtd bo Nbjn-XdfnBohustrbds9 Botdr-Irjmobzmtbiome Koiwedhjd Frdmtbio bo tnd Xmbwmodsd

Fi`putdr Bohustry. (BVLO >:-:>:6-162--8 Fnrbstdosdo, Cdos Grsedv3Xnd Hyom`bfs ig tnd Hbvdrsbgbdh Firpirmtbiomoh tnd \ied ig Fdotrme @momjd`dot ig Xdfnoieijy. (BVLO >:-:>:6-181-7)

2>-4 Wmedotd, @mrfi (p)3Emlirmtiry gir Vb`uemtbio Hdvdeip`dot. (BVLO >:-:>:6-18=-8)

2>-7 Wmedotd, @mrfi (p)3Xdfnoieijbfme Fi`pdtbtbio3 m ]umebtmtbvd Qrihuft Ebgd


38/43

Fyfed. (BVLO >:-:>:6-18:-:>:6-186-1)

2>-> Crjdosdo, Kdoodtn @. (p)3Bogir`mtbio Xdfnoieijy moh Fnmojd bo HmobsnIrjmobzmtbios. (BVLO >:-:>:6-188-2)

2>-2 Mohdrsdo, Dsldo Veitn3Dsfmpboj Vmtbmtbio bo mo Dvieutbiomry @ihde igVtrufturme dfioi`bf Hyom`bfs. (BVLO >:-:>:6-184-:)

2>-=1 Giss, Kbrstdo3Xdfnoieijbfme Botdrhdpdohdofbds, Vpdfbmebzmtbio mohFiirhbomtbio3 M Qripdrty \bjnts Qdrspdftbvd io Xnd Omturd ig tnd Gbr`.

(BVLO >:-:>:6-187-4)

2>-== Mohdrsdo, Qiue N3Irjmobzboj Botdromtbiome Xdfnoieijbfme Fieemlirmtbio boVulfiotrmftir \demtbiosnbps. Mo Bovdstbjmtbio ig tnd Koiwedhjd-Vtbfkyodss

Qriled`. (BVLO >:-:>:6-18:-6)

2>-=< Oy`mrk, Vrdo (p)3Lbeedhdr mg strmtdjb b girmohrbojsrbjd irjmobsmtirbskdi`jbvdesdr3 6 fmsds grm HBVKI stuhbdrod. (BVLO >:-:>:6-18>-=)

2>-=6 Mohdrsdo, Dsldo Veitn3Xnd Dvieutbio ig tnd Irjmobsmtbio ig Bohustry.(BVLO >:-:>:6-141-6)

2>-=8 Giss, Kbrstdo & Giss, Obfiemb C.3Xnd @mrkdt Qrifdss moh Xnd Gbr`3Xiwmrh m Hyom`bf Qripdrty \bjnts Qdrspdftbvd. (BVLO >:-:>:6-14=-=)

2>-=4 Eirdoz, Dhwmrh3Vifbdtme Dggdfts moh tnd Xrmosgdr ig Lusbodss Qrmftbfds tiLrbtmbo moh Grmofd. (BVLO >:-:>:6-146->)

2>-=7 Drost, Hbdtdr3Fmtfnboj-Tp, Frbsbs moh Bohustrbme Tpjrmhboj. DvieutbiomryMspdfts ig Xdfnoieijbfme Edmroboj bo Kirdm's Dedftriobfs Bohustry. (BVLO

>:-:>:6-148-7)

2>-=: Kmbsem, Cukkm (p)3Xnd @mrkdt Qrifdss moh tnd D`drjdofd ig tnd Gbr`3

Vi`d Bohbfmtbios ig Dotrdprdodursnbp Tohdr Jdoubod Tofdrtmboty. (BVLO>:-:>:6-144-8)

2>-=> Emursdo, Kdeh (p)3 Hi Dxpirt moh Xdfnoieijbfme Vpdfbmebsmtbio QmttdrosFi-dvievd bo Xdr`s ig Fiovdrjdofd ir Hbvdrjdofd93 Dvbhdofd gri` =2

IDFH Fiuotrbds, =2:=-=22=. (BVLO >:-:>:6-147--=2 Giss, Obfiemb C.3Gbr`s moh tnd Fiirhbomtbio ig Koiwedhjd3 Vi`d MustrbmoBosbjnts. (BVLO >:-:>:6-14:-1)

2>-:-:>:6-14>-2)


39/43

2>-:-:>:6-142-:)

2>-:-:>:6-171-1)

2>-:-:>:6-17=-2)

2>-:-:>:6-17-:-:>:6-176-4)

2>-:-:>:6-178-6)

2>-:-:>:6-174-=)

2>- Giss, Obfiemb C.3Mustrbmo Dfioi`bfs moh Jm`d Xndiry3 m Qrdeb`bomry@dtnihieijbfme Vtifktmkboj. (BVLO >:-:>:6-17:->)

2>-:-:>:6-17>-7)

2>-61 Emursdo, Kdeh (p)3\dvdmedh Fi`pmrmtbvd Mhvmotmjd moh tnd Metdromtbvdsms @dmsurds ig Botdromtbiome Vpdfbmebsmtbio. (BVLO >:-:>:6-172-8)

22-= Eirdoz, D.3Irjmobsmtbiomme Booivmtbio, Jivdromofd Vtrufturd mohBooivmtbvd Fmpmfbty Bo Lrbtbsn moh Grdofn Bohustry. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1:1->)

22-< Drost, Hbdtdr3\dspiosds ti tnd Frbsbs3 Fiostrmbots ti m \mpbh XrmhdMhcust`dot bo Dmst Msbm's Dedftriobfs Bohustry. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1:=-7)

22-6 Giss, O. C. 3Tohdrstmohboj Edmhdrsnbp3 M Fiirhbomtbio Xndiry. (BVLO >:-

:>:6-1::-:>:6-1:6-:-:>:6-1:4-2)

22-7 Crjdosdo Kdoodtn. @. (p) 3Xnd @dmoboj ij Eifme Koiwedhjds. (BVLO>:-:>:6-1:7-:)

22-: Giss, O. C.3Fmpmlbebtbds, Fiogusbio, moh tnd Fists ig Fiirhbomtbio3 IoVi`d Qriled`s bo \dfdot \dsdmrfn Io Botdr-Gbr` \demtbios. (BVLO>:-:>:6-


40/43

1::-4)

22-> Euoh, \dbonmrh3Xbeebhsrdprsdotmotsystd`dt ij hdgedksbledvbrksi`ndhsgir`dr. Cueb =222. (BVLO>>:-:>:6-1:>-6)

22-2 Oy`mrk, Vrdo3Irjmobsmtirbsk erboj jdood` hdo vrhblmsdrdhdirjmobsmtbios girteebojdr. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1:2-=)

22-=1 Emursdo, K. & @debfbmob, W.3Xnd b`pirtmofd ig tdfnoieijy lmsdh botdr-sdftirme ebokmjds gir `mrkdt snmrd hyom`bfs. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1>1-4)

22-== Emursdo, K., @mnokd, W., Wdcrup-Nmosdo, Q.3Gbr` jriwtn gri` mkoiwedjhd strufturd pdrspdftbvd. ( BVLO >:-:>:6-1>=-6)

22-=< Euohvmee, Ldojt-kd, Fnrbstdosdo, Cdspdr. E.3 Dxtdohboj moh Hddpdoboj

tnd Momeysbs ig Booivmtbio Vystd`s - wbtn D`pdrbfme Beeustrmtbios gri` tndHBVFI-pricdft. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1>:-:>:6-1>4-7)

11-< Eedrdom, Qmtrbfk & @brdbeed @mtt3 Xdfnoieijy piebfy moh fiipdrmtbio3M pmrmhbj`mtbf mpprimfn. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1>7-8)

11-6 Fus`moi, Eufbm3Xdfnoieijy Qiebfy moh Fi-ipdrmtbvd \&H3 tnd ried igrdemtbiome rdsdmrfn fmpmfbty. (BVLO >:-:>:6-1>:-:-:>:6-1>>-1)

11-4 Rvrmohd, Mood3 Xnd odw Lrbtbsn rmbewmys strufturd3 M trmosmftbio fistdfioi`bfs momeysbs. (BVLO>:-:>:6-1>2-2)

11-7 Hbck, @mfnbde vmo &Oi`medr ohdr3 Xdfnoieijbfme hbggusbio pmttdros mohtndbr dggdfts io bohustrbme hyom`bfs. (BVLO >:-:>:6-121-:-:>:6-12=-1)

11-> Vmohdrs, @mrk & Zdde, Lms tdr 3 Vkbee-Lbmsdh Xdfnobfme Fnmojd3Xndirdtbfme Fiofdpts, D`pbrbfme Qriled`s moh m Vurvdy ig tnd Dvbhdofd

(BVLO>:-:>:6-12:-:>:6-126-:)

11-=1 Oy`mrk, Vrdo3 Wmeud-lmsdh `momjd`dot bo edmroboj irjmobzmtbios tnriujn'nmrh' moh 'sigt' `momjdrbme mpprimfnds3 Xnd fmsd ig Ndwedtt-Qmfkmrh


41/43

(BVLO>:-:>:6-128-4)

11-== Rijude, Jmlrbde; Oivbfk , @mrtm & @mrbo, Momlde3Qrihuftbio Odtwirks3Ebokmjds, Booivmtbio Qrifdssds moh Vifbme @momjd`dot Xdfnoieijbds

(BVLO>:-:>:6-124-6)

11-=< Rijude, Jmlrbde & Lisfndrbob, Gmlbi3 Xnd dovbrio`dot bo tnd hdvdeip`dotig gbr`s booivmtbvd fmpmfbtbds3 Mrjdotbod bohustrbme V@Ds gri` hbggdrdot eifme

systd`s (BVLO>:-:>:6-127-=)

11-=6 Mrifdom, \ihrbji & Vutz, Cuhbtn3 Botdrmftbvd Edmroboj Vpmfds mohHdvdeip`dot Qiebfbds bo Emtbo M`drbfm (BVLO>:-:>:6-12>->)

1=-1= @mtndws, Cino M.3 Fi`pdtbtbvd Botdrgbr` Hyom`bfs wbtnbo moBohustrbme @mrkdt Vystd` ( BVLO>:-:>:6-122-7)

1=-1< Jbmrrmtmom, @mrfi & Xirrbsb, Vmevmtird3 Fi`pdtdofd mffuùemtbio mohfieemlirmtbvd vdoturds3 Dvbhdofd gri` tnd emrjdst Duripdmo dedftriobfs gbr`s

moh b`pebfmtbios gir tnd DT tdfnoieijbfme piebfbds (BVLO >:-:>:6-=11-6)

1=-16 Od`brivsky, Mhiegi & Rijude, Jmlrbde3Hyom`bfs ig nbjn-tdfnoieijy gbr`sbo tnd Vbebfio Wmeedy (BVLO >:-:>:6-=1=-=)

1=-18 Fmstdeemffb, Guevbi3 M tdfnoieijy-jmp mpprimfn ti fuùemtbvd jriwtn3tiwmrh mo botdjrmtdh ìhde. D`pbrbfme dvbhdofd gir Vpmbo, =271-=22: (BVLO

>:-:>:6-=16->)

1=-14 Ouviemrb. Medssmohri3 Fieedftbvd bovdotbio hurboj tnd Lrbtbsn bohustrbmerdvieutbio3 Xnd fmsd ig tnd Firobsn pu`pboj dojbod (BVLO >:-:>:6-=18-7)

1=-17 Fistm, Biomrm3Iwodrsnbp moh tdfnoieijbfme fmpmlbebtbds bo Lrmzbe (BVLO >:-:>:6-=14-8)

1=-1: Giss, Obfiemb C.3 Dfioi`bf irjmobzmtbio bo tnd koiwedhjd dfioi`y3 si`dmustrbmo bosbjnts (BVLO >:-:>:6-=17- Fmotwdee,Cino & Kisìpiueiu, Dedom3Hdtdr`bomots ig botdromtbiomebsmtbio

io firpirmtd tdfnoieijy (BVLO >:-:>:6-=1:-1)

1=-12 Eimsly,Lrbmo3Bohustrbme hyom`bfs. Zny fioodftbio `mttdr (BVLO >:-:>:6-=1>-2)

1=-=1 Cdppdsdo,Emrs Li3@mkboj Fiosu`dr Koiwedhjd Mvmbemled moh usdgue (>:-:>:6-=12-:)

1=-== Emursdo, Kdeh3Xnd B`pirtmofd ig Vdftirme Hbggdrdofds bo tnd Mppebfmtbioig(Fi`ped`dotmry) N\@ Qrmftbfds gir Booivmtbio Qdrgir`mofd (>:-:>:6-==1-

1)


42/43

1=-=< Cinosio, Lcro & Vdjurm-Liobeem, Ie`mo3 Booivmtbio Vystd`s mohHdvdeipboj Fiuotrbds3 Dxpdrbdofd gri` tnd VTHDVFM Qricdft (>:-:>:6-===-

2)

1=-=6 Giss, Obfiemb C. 3 Liuohdh \mtbiomebty bo tnd Dfioi`bfs ig Irjmobzmtbio3

Qrdsdot Tsd moh (Vi`d) Guturd Qissblbebtbds (>:-:>:6-==:-:>:6-==6-4)

1=-=4 Giss, Obfiemb C. 3 Xnd Qriled` Zbtn Liuohdh \mtbiomebty3 Io LdnmvbirmeMssu`ptbios bo tnd Xndiry ig tnd Gbr` (>:-:>:6-==8-6)

1=-=7 Giss, Obfiemb C. 3 Vdedftbvd Botdrvdotbio moh Botdrome Nylrbhs3 Botdrprdtboj mohedmroboj gri` tnd \bsd moh Hdfebod ig tnd Itbfio Vpmjndttb Irjmobzmtbio (>:-

:>:6-==4-=)

1:-

:>:6-==:->)

1:-:>:6-==>-7)

1:-:>:6-

==2-8)

1:-:>:6-=)

1:-:>:6-=:6-=


43/43

1:-

:6:>-=4:-4)

1:-:>:6-=-6)

Mee firrdspiohdofd fiofdroboj tnd H\TBH Zirkboj Qmpdrs sniueh ld sdoh ti3

Mmelirj Tobvdrsbty

Cdmodttd Nvmrrdjmmrh

Gblbjdrstrhd 8

HK-2 =4 71 =6

D-`mbe3 hrubh-wpAlusbodss.muf.hk

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