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Cluster Treatment for Domestic Wastewater Management in Thailand
Ms. Wilasinee SaktaywinWater Quality Management Bureau
Pollution Control Department 18 February 2013
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MoNRE)
Advisor to the Minister Advisory Committee
Internal Auditor
System Development
Office of the Secretary to the
Minister
General Administration
Polities and Policy
Coordination
Technical Support
Directing Environment Affairs
Natural Resource Affairs
Inland Water Affairs
Office of the Permanent Secretary
Pollution Control
Department
National Park, Wildlife
and Plant Conservation Department
Department of Water
Resources
Office of the Natural
Resources and
Environment Policy and Planning
Department of Environment
Quality Promotion
Department
Department of Mineral
Resources
Department of Marine and
Coastal Resources
Department of Groundwater Resources
Remark: State Enterprises include: • Zoological Park Organization • Wastewater Management Authority• Botanical Garden Organization
Government organization under MoNRE
Background
Domestic Wastewater Characteristics
Wastewater Characteristics (mg/L)Type of sewers
Wastewater Characteristics (mg/L)
BOD5Suspended
SolidTKN-
NitrogenPhosphorus
Combinedsystem
65 – 110 (80)
40 – 110 (80)
10 - 40 (30)
1 – 6(4)
y
Separate system
(160) (160) 10 - 40 (30) 1 – 6 (4)
Note: ( ) Guidance value
Wastewater Treatment System in Thailand
Central
92 Constructed(BKK 7 plants)
144 plants
100 plants 8 under-construction
(BKK 1 plants)
LGOs 34 plants
Total Capacity 2.7 million m3/d
Cluster 48 plants
BKK 14 plants
Note: LGOs = Local Government OrganizationsBKK = Bangkok
120 80,000 Cost (MB) No. of plants
Cost for construction of Central treatment system
80
100
40,000
60,000
40
60
-
20,000
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Note: MB = million baht (1 USD 30 Baht)
BKK 8 plants24 000 MB
Cost for construction of Central treatment system
100 plants 60,000 MB
24,000 MB(3,000 MB/plants)
LGOs 92 plantsLGOs 92 plants 36,000 MB
(400 MB/plants)
Note: LGOs = Local Government OrganizationsBKK = Bangkok
Type of Central Treatment system
Activated Sludge (36%)
Wetland (2%) Rotating Biological contactor (1%)
Stabilization Pond (45%)Aerated Lagoon
(16%)
Wastewater Fee CollectionWastewater Fee Collection
Collected 8 plants
Central
100 plants
(Collection efficiency
40-98%)
Work in progress
4 plants4 plants
Non process
88 plants
Problem of Central Treatment System
Non operated plantsS t lf ti i f 2011Non
operated20%
• System malfunctioning from 2011 Thailand floods and other cases
Operated plants• Over design
• >50% of total plants collected t t 50% f it
Operated80%
wastewater <50% of capacity
• Low BOD influent
• Trouble of operation and maintenance (Man, Money, Material)
600 target area for wastewater management (2010-2016)
1%
Management (Budget support) Non management
99%
National Policy on Construction and Management of Wastewater Treatment Systemof Wastewater Treatment System
• Issue target area for wastewater management • Supporting construction of wastewater treatment
system which suitable for each area (Promote small treatment plant)
• Enhance LAOs to effective management of existing wastewater treatment system
• Encourage LAOs to collect wastewater fee• Promote effluent reuse
Management and
Management and Institutional Aspect of Cluster Treatment
Main laws related to construction and management of wastewater treatment system
The Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act, B.E. 2535 (1992)
(NEQA 1992)
The Plan and Decentralization Process to Local Government Organization Act, B.E. 2542 (1999)
Steps of set up the wastewater treatment system
A: Preparation and Planning of
LGOsLGOs
B: Set up of Provincial
Action Plan
C: Consideration of Provincial Action Plan
D: Construction and Operation &Maintenance
E: Management
Control
Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan
Steps Organization Responsibility
A: Preparation and Planning of LGOs
LGOs - Feasibility study- Detail design- Public hearings- Project proposal- etc.
B: Province - Formulate PAP which Set up of Provincial Action Plan (PAP)
(the Governor) incorporate the project proposals of LGOs- Submit to ONEPP
Note: ONEPP = Office of the Natural Resources and Environment Policy and Planning
Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan (Cont.)
Step Organization Responsibility
C: Consideration of Provincial Action Plan
ONEPP -Analyze and screen of PAP by the regulatory committee - Submit the approved PAP to NEB for approval
The National Consider and give Environment Board (NEB)
approval to PAP
TheDecentralization to LGOs Committee
Allocate budget to LGOs for operated the approved project
Source of fund to construct the wastewater treatment system under the Provincial Action Plan
Budget(100%)(100%)
Central government
(90%)LGOs
(10%)
Fiscal Budget
Environmental fund
Step Organization Responsibility
Organization’s roles in the wastewater management plan (Cont.)
D: Construction and O&M
LGOs -Construction the wastewater treatment system- O&M the system - Monitoring the Influent and effluent
C ll t th f- Collect the fee
E: Management Control
Pollution ControlDepartment (PCD)
- Monitoring and control the effluent to meet the standard
Technological Aspect of Cluster Treatment
Cluster Wastewater Treatment Plant
• LGOs ~34 Plants• Capacity 50-500 m3/d• Trend increasing• Low investment and operational cost
• Anaerobic Filter• SP + Wetland• Contacted
Technology
and operational cost
Situation
Aerated filter• Fixed Film AS
Constr cted WetlandConstr cted WetlandHybrid Oxidation Ponds : HOPHybrid Oxidation Ponds : HOP Constructed WetlandConstructed Wetland
Aerated Fixed filmAerated Fixed film
Contact Aerated FilterContact Aerated Filter
Trickling FilterTrickling Filter
Capacity 50 m3/d
Pumping stationPumping stationPumping stationPumping station Grit chamberGrit chamberGrit chamberGrit chamber Septic tankSeptic tankSeptic tankSeptic tank
Sand drying bedSand drying bedSand drying bedSand drying bedWetlandWetlandWetlandWetland
Maturation pondMaturation pondMaturation pondMaturation pond Stabilization pondStabilization pondStabilization pondStabilization pond
BOD removal >95%
• Subsurface flow
Constructed Wetland (Capacity 400 m3/d)
• Free Water Surface flow
Constructed Wetland (Capacity 400 m3/d)
Storage pond
Reuse treated wastewater
BOD, SS removal 80-90%
Capacity 80 m3/d
แยกน้ําทิง้ส่วนใสออกและนําตะกอนบางส่วน
์และนาตะกอนบางสวนกลับไปยังส่วนเติมอากาศ
จุลินทรีย์บนตัวกลางในน้ําเสีย ย่อยสลายสารอินทรีย์ในน้ําเสีย
กวนผสมให้น้ําเสียมีคุณลักษณะคงท่ี
ระบบบําบดัน้ําเสียทม.พทัลุง และทม.สะเดา จ.สงขลา
เก็บพักตะกอนจุลินทรีย์ส่วนเกินเพื่อให้เกิดการย่อยสลายและรอ
การสูบออกไปกําจัด
TechnologyArea (rai)
Capacity(m3/d)
Pop. served(capita)
Construction cost (MB)*
O&M(Bath/m3)
Hybrid 1.2-1.5 50 250 1.640
Cluster Wastewater Treatment PlantCluster Wastewater Treatment Plant
Oxidation Pond (SP+WL)
1.83.58.1
100200500
5001,0002,500
3.3586.885
17.690
0.7 - 1.2
Trickling Filter 0.125 50 300 - 500 1.551 1.0
Contact 0.2 80 400 1.936 0.8 – 1.0
Aerated Filter0.2 80 400 1.936 0.8 1.0
Constructed Wetland
7 400 2,0002.794
(Yr 2007)0.5 – 1.0
Note: 1 rai = 1,600 m2
*Construction cost (including collection system) in year 2005
Cluster Treatment system
Challenge:
• Adequate operation and maintenance of LGOs
• Consistency of effluent to meet the standard
• Regular monitoring Control by PCD
• Fee collection
Domestic Wastewater Division
Water Quality Management Bureau
Pollution Control DepartmentPollution Control DepartmentMinistry of Natural Resources and Environment
92 Soi Phahon Yothin 7
Phahon Yothin Rd.
Phayathai Bangkok 10400Phayathai Bangkok 10400
Tel. 662-298-2210 to 13
Fax. 662-298 2202, 2211