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13/02/54
1
CLOUD COMPUTING
Natawut Nupairoj, Ph.D.
1
Outline
2
� Overview
� Cloud Approaches
� Cloud Enabling Technology
� Cloud Archietcture
� Real-World Case Study
Overview3
What is Cloud Computing?
� Various definitions
� Wikipedia
� Web-based processing, whereby shared resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices (such as smartphones) on demand over the Internet
� Gartner
� a style of computing in which massively scalable IT-related capabilities are provided 'as a service' using Internet technologies to multiple external customers
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Common Understanding aboutCloud Computing
� Web-enabled services (software/platform/infrastructure)
� Remote datacenter
� Shared resources via virtualization
� Outsource maintenance tasks to the hosting organizations
5
(Good Luck) Defining Cloud Computing
� Software-as-a-Service
� “My customer resource management (CRM) system is out on the Internet!”
� Grids vs. Clouds
� Shared Virtual Resources
� Batch Jobs vs. Online Applications
� Different Approaches to State Management
� Network Diagrams
� A service is “on a cloud somewhere”
� Virtualization Platforms & APIs
� Hardware can be manipulated with software
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
6
Grid Cloud
Underlying concept Utility Computing Utility Computing
Main benefit Solve computationally complex problems
Provide a scalable standard environment for network-centric
application development, testing and deployment
Resource distribution / allocation
Negotiate and manage resource sharing; schedulers
Simple user <-> provider model; pay-per-use
Domains Multiple domains Single domain
Character / history Non-commercial, publicly funded
Commercial
7
Grid vs. Cloud
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
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Evolution of Cloud Architecture
� Stand-Alone
� Client-Server
� Web-Based Application
� ASP
� Cloud Computing
9
A Brief History
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
10
Amazon EC2
(August 2006)
Google App Engine
(April 2008)
Microsoft Azure
(Oct 2008)
Facebook Platform
(May 2007)
Amazon S3
(March 2006)
Salesforce
AppExchange
(March 2006)
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
11
Example: Amazon Web Services (AWS)
� Elastic Cloud Computing
� virtual servers for rent
� priced on per hour from $0.10 to $1
� Example Profile
� 1.7 Ghz x86 processor
� 1.7 GB of RAM
� 160 GB disk
� 250 Mb/second network
� Data Storage in Amazon Data Center
� Web Service interface
� Storage: $0.15 per GB/Month
� Data Transfer: $0.20/GB to transfer data
� Private and public storage
Amazon EC2 Amazon S3
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Example: Google Apps
� Web based office applications and collaboration
� Provide API for further customization and information accessing
� Application API
� Authentication API
� Etc.
� Google Gears for offline operations
13
Example: Salesforce.com
� Provide web-based CRM applications
� Customers just sign-up and do not have to maintain any infrastructure
� Currently have more than 80,000 customers (over 2,100,000 subscribers)
� Pricing from $5/user/month to $250/user/month
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Human
Capital Management
Customer Service
Sales & Marketing
DevelopmentFinanceIT
Infrastructure
Compliance
and Risk
Workday HCMD
Salary.com Salary Manager
Performance Management
Time-off Manager
Volunteer
tracking
ADP Payroll
iemployee Time Tracking
Coupa Procure to Pay
Concur T&E
Manager
Manhattan Space & Lease Management
Contract Management
SFA
Marketing
Click to dial (CTI
Integrations)
Event Management
Opportunity to Quote
Quote to cash
Sales Compensation
Checkout E-
commerce
Live Chat (Google)
Salesforce Customer Service
Salesforce
Content
Salesforce Ideas
Plateau
Learning Management
Professional Services Management
IT Infrastructure Support
Portfolio
Management
Compliance
IT Help Desk
LiveOps
Asset Management
Intranet
Google Apps
Development Domain
Program and Resource
Management
Agile Scrum and Bug Management
QA Test Director
Compliance/Risk Domain
Audit Controls Management
Salesforce.com CRM Functions Benefits of Cloud Computing
� No Capital Expenditure (CapEx)
� Pay as you go
� Pay only for what you need
� Elastic Capacity
� Faster time to market
� Focus on your business
18
Source: S. Brunozzi, “2010 architecting for the cloud”,
http://www.slideshare.net/simone.brunozzi/2010-architecting-for-the-cloud-4719195, 2010
Benefits of Cloud Computing19
Source: S. Brunozzi, “2010 architecting for the cloud”,
http://www.slideshare.net/simone.brunozzi/2010-architecting-for-the-cloud-4719195, 2010
Benefits of Cloud Computing20
Source: S. Brunozzi, “2010 architecting for the cloud”,
http://www.slideshare.net/simone.brunozzi/2010-architecting-for-the-cloud-4719195, 2010
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Benefits of Cloud Computing21
Source: S. Brunozzi, “2010 architecting for the cloud”,
http://www.slideshare.net/simone.brunozzi/2010-architecting-for-the-cloud-4719195, 2010
Suppose you are Forbes.com
� You offer on-line real time stock market data
� Why pay for capacity weekends, overnight?
20090909_VirtualizationAnd
Cloud
9 AM - 5 PM,
M-F
ALL OTHER
TIMES
Rate of
Server Accesses
Source: N. Wilde and T. Huber, “Virtualization and Cloud Computing”, 2009.
23
Forbes' Solution
� Host the web site in Amazon's EC2 Elastic Compute Cloud
� Provision new servers every day, and deprovision them every night
� Pay just $0.10* per server per hour
� * more for higher capacity servers
� Let Amazon worry about the hardware!
Source: N. Wilde and T. Huber, “Virtualization and Cloud Computing”, 2009.
Cloud Approaches24
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Infrastructure as a Service(IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service(SaaS)
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
25
26Source: katescomment.com
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
� Provide computer infrastructure as a service
� Virtual Servers / Storages
� Network equipments: Load balancers, Firewalls, etc.
� “Utility computing”, pay per use
� Simple to scale and manage
� Example:
� Amazon EC2, S3
� Rackspace Mosso
� GoGrid
27
Source: http://microreviews.org/types-of-cloud-computing/
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
� Provide infrastructure, system software stacks, and development tools
� Web servers, database servers, etc.
� Many vendors provide services with API
� Google Calendar, etc.
� Examples
� Google AppEngine
� Yahoo! Maps
28
Source: http://www.zoho.com/creator/paas.html
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
� Complete web-based software
� “Pay-as-you-go” model
� Allow customization via parameter configuring
� Examples
� Salesforce.com
� Google Docs
� Gmail, hotmail
29 30
Adapted from
• P. Strassmann, “ Introduction to Virtualization”,
George Mason University, 2008
• M. Behrens, “Virtualization Assessment”
Cloud Enabling Technology31
Server Consolidation
� Old applications rely on many servers
� High operation cost: maintenance, electricity, etc.
� Heterogeneous environments
� Difficult to migrate
� New servers are very powerful and under-utilized
� Some resources remain idle
� Reduce costs by consolidating servers
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Virtualization Concept33
Capacity Utilization:Stand-Alone vs. Virtualization Servers
Dedicated Server Virtualized Servers
34
Virtualization Architeture35
Benefits of Virtualization
� Flexible Resource management
� Server consolidation
� Dynamic resource sharing
� Reduce power consumption
� Simplify maintenance
� Zero downtime maintenance
� Live migration
� Patch management
� Efficient recovery
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Resource Consolidation
� Reduce number of physical servers
� Decrease power consumptions
37
� Resource pooling
� Flexible resource allocation
Example: Amazon EC2 Revisited38
Source: K. Gan and L. McMurray, “Beginner’s Guide to Cloud Computing and the Good & Bad for Developers”
Amazon EC2 Management Console39
Source: iphp, “Get your own cloud server running in 15 minutes”, http://www.webdigi.co.uk/blog/2009/get_your_own_cloud_server_running_in_15_minutes/
Amazon EC2 Launch Wizard40
Source: iphp, “Get your own cloud server running in 15 minutes”, http://www.webdigi.co.uk/blog/2009/get_your_own_cloud_server_running_in_15_minutes/
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Cloud Architecture41
Public
Cloud
Cloud Ecosystem
Enterprise
Private Cloud Private Cloud
External
Internal
Virtual Private Cloud
42Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh” 43
Sample Cloud Services44
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Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
From On-Premise to Cloud Platforms45
Application runs on-premises
Buy my own hardware, and
manage my own
data center
Application runs at a hoster
Co-locationor
Managed servers
Application runs using
cloud services
“cloud fabric”(elastic,
infini-scale)
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
From On-Premise to Cloud Platforms46
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
47
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myself
Bild
vs. B
uy
Build
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Maximum
Economy of Scale
All acceptable options (trade off)
Maximum Control
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
48
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“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
Molecule Research
HR System
Issue Tracking
ERP
“Too costly to run this myself, but I’ve made too many customizations”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
49
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
Molecule Research
HR System
Issue Tracking
ERP
“CRM and Email are commodity services – They have no customizations, and it’s cheaper for someone else to run these”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
50
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
Molecule Research
HR System
ERP
Issue Tracking
“I can’t afford to maintain this old HR application written in VB – it’s driving me mad!”
“…but due to privacy issues, I prefer keeping my HR data on-premises”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
51
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
Molecule Research
HR System
ERP
Issue Tracking
“I wish I had access to cheaper compute and storage when I need it”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
52
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14
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
HR System
ERP
Issue Tracking
Molecule Research
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
53
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
HR System
ERP
Issue Tracking
Molecule Research“THIS is where I want to spend my IT resources – I’m going to double down on this application!”
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
54
“Packaged”
Application
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and run
myself
Self Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop and run myselfB
uild
Buy
Hosted
“Home Built”
An application that I develop myself, but run
at a hoster
Hosted
“Packaged”
An application that I buy “off the shelf” and then
run at a hoster
Cloud Platform
An application that I develop myself, but
run in the cloud
“Software as a
Service”
A hosted pplicationthat I buy from a
vendor
On premises vs. CloudOn premises Cloud
Bild
vs. B
uy
Clinical Trial
HR System
ERP
Issue Tracking
Molecule Research
Source: F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
55
Real-World Case Study: Animoto56
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57
Case Study: Animoto
� Automatic VDO creation from still pictures
� SaaS on IaaS
� 10x users’ growth in 3 days (from 25k to 250k)
� Total number of servers owned by Animoto = 0
� The most expensive piece of equipment in the office is the espresso machine
� Utilize Amazon EC2
58
Source: R. Smith, “The Cloud/Electric Generator Analogy”, InformationWeek Analytic, Jan 2009
References
� F. Javadi, “Clearing the Air - Cloud Computing : Adobe Air, Google Gears and Microsoft Mesh”
� K. Gan and L. McMurray, “Beginner’s Guide to Cloud Computing and the Good & Bad for Developers”
� iphp, “Get your own cloud server running in 15 minutes”, http://www.webdigi.co.uk/blog/2009/get_your_own_cloud_server_running_in_15_minutes/, June 2009
� S. Brunozzi, “2010 architecting for the cloud”,
http://www.slideshare.net/simone.brunozzi/2010-architecting-for-the-cloud-4719195, 2010
� G. Barton, “Animoto – The Poster Child for AWS & EC2”, http://bartongeorge.net/2009/03/25/animoto-the-poster-child-for-aws-ec2/
59