Cloud Computing Intro

Copyright © 2009 Peter Denyer

Cloud ComputingWhat Is It

andWhy Do I Care?

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1Monday, June 22, 2009


A Topical Subject

Image courtsey BusinessWeek2



Yet Hard to Define

Image courtsey Wikipedia3



With Many ManifestationsClients ←

Computer hardware / software leveraging the Cloud for application or content delivery. Think SmartPhones, web browsers as examples

Services ←Software relying on Cloud infrastructure to support functiionality of other applications, or a support application itself i.e. Google Maps, PayPal, OpenID etc.

Application ←An Application leveraging the Cloud infrastructure for its delivery. Think SaaS i.e. Skype, Facebook, Saleforce.com, Google Apps

Platform ←Leveraging Cloud infrastructure to deliver a solution stack on which other Applications may be developed. Think PaaS i.e. Azure, Google App Engine

Storage ←Leveraging Cloud infrastructure to deliver storage solutions or database services i.e. Amazon S3, Apple MobileMe iDisk, Symantec Cloud Backup

Infrastructure ←Delivery of underlying virtualized compute platform or management tools for this environment. Think IaaS i.e. Sun Cloud, Amazon EC2, GoGrid, RightScale etc.

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A Possible Definition

Cloud Computing is an Information Technology architecture in which virtualized and scalable resources

are provided as a service over a network to a user community and billed on a consumption basis

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Comparisons• Cloud Computing is similar to, but not:

- Grid Computing i.e. implementing virtual supercomputer comprising a network of loosely coupled compute and storage resources targeted to specific classes of computation (think top supercomputer sites)

- Utility Computing i.e. packaging compute, networking and storage resources delivered to the user of a metered basis i.e metaphor of electrical power delivery (think Sun Grid)

• Why not? - No virtualization

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Fundamental Technology• Server Virtualization

- abstract OS, software stack and applications from underlying harwdare

- Virtual Machine- OS + sofware stack i.e. Linux Apache, MySQL,

Python/Perl/PHP

- Virtual Appliance- virtual machine with additional software to perform

specific task such as database server, web server

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Key Characteristic

• Cloud Application Programming Interface (API)- location of various virtual instances

- specify how the various virtual instances are configured and interconnected

- No standards yet, but vendors like RightScale addressing with their specific middleware

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Deployment Model• On-Demand

- resources available to scale up and down as business conditions merit

• Self-Service- organization can determine how and when

rsources are scaled up and down

• Pay-by-Use- consumption model, pay for what is used

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Upside / Downside• Architectural Complexity

- dynamic scaling - up and down - in addition to existing application architecture - which components map on to what servers, data security, overall application manageability

• Architectural Simplification- composable applications taking advantage

of wealth of virtual appliance definitions

• When it Works... It’s great- Animoto -> 50 to 3500 servers in 3 days 10


http://animoto.com/

http://animoto.com/


Infrastructure Models

• Business Policy Determines Infrastructure Service Model- temporary vs permanent / security model /

data location / infrastructure specifics

- Service models could include:- Public Cloud

- Private Cloud

- Hybrid Cloud

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Public Cloud

• Public Clouds are the Current Buzz- For example, Amazon EC2 / S3, Microsoft

Azure Services Platform, IBM Smart Business- multi customer / multi tennancy

- large available infrastructure but “invisible”

- remote location can be business value

- could host virtual private datacenter

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Private Cloud

• New Vision for IT Deployment- Flexibility of Cloud deployment but with

security and increased control of resources- more limited in infrastructure deployment

- SLA’s easier to determine/ enforce

- high visibility into actual infrastructure resources

- mitigate possible bandwidth issues

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Hybrid Cloud

• Combination approach- Overflow workloads from private to public

cloud - planned vs unplanned workloads

- Business policy determine on which service a particular app should be deployed

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Looking at Amazon EC3

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Operating SystemsOperating SystemsOperating SystemsRed Hat Enterprise Linux Windows Server 2003 Oracle Enterprise Linux

openSolaris openSUSE Linux Ubuntu Linux

Fedora Gentoo Linux Debian

Database Software Batch Processing Web Hosting

IBM DB2 Hadoop Apache

IBM Informix Dynamic Server Condor IIS/ASP.Net

MySQL Enterprise openMPI IBM Lotus Web Content Management

Microsoft SQL Server Standard 2005

IBM Websphere Portal Server

Preconfigured Amazon Machine Images (AMI)

Customize AMIs to suit your needs



EC3 Machine Instances

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Instance Type Instance Definition Hourly Pricing

Small 1.7 GB of memory, 1 EC2 Compute Unit (1 virtual core / 1 EC2 compute unit), 160 GB of instance storage, 32-bit $0.10

Large7.5 GB of memory, 4 EC2 Compute Units (2 virtual cores / 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 850 GB of instance storage, 64-bit platform

$0.40

Extra Large15 GB of memory, 8 EC2 Compute Units (4 virtual cores / 2 EC2 Compute Units each), 1690 GB of instance storage, 64-bit

$0.80

High CPU Medium

1.7 GB of memory, 5 EC2 Compute Units (2 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each), 350 GB of instance storage, 32-bit

$0.20

High CPU Extra Large

7 GB of memory, 20 EC2 Compute Units (8 virtual cores with 2.5 EC2 Compute Units each), 1690 GB of instance storage, 64-bit

$0.80

EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) – One EC2 Compute Unit (ECU) provides the equivalent CPU capacity of a 1.0 - 1.2 GHz 2007 Opteron or 2007 Xeon processor



Cloud Center Buildout

Microsoft Center in San Antonio TX

Microsoft adding ~10,000 servers / mo. into its Cloud

Services infrastructure

Photograph courtsey Microsoft

• Major Cloud Center Players- Amazon / EC2

- aws.amazon.com/ec2/

- Google

- IBM / Smart Business Service- www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud

- Microsoft / Azure Services Platform- www.microsoft.com/azure

- Sun / Sun Cloud- www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing

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http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud

http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud

http://www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing



Value Propositions• Increase Pace of Innovation

- fast prototypes, new mash-ups, low cost of entry

• Mitigate infrastructure expense- CapEx vs OpEx

• Scalable Delivery- positive response to viral success

• Disaster Recovery Resource- recovery strategy for business disasters

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Issues Remain

• To Name But a Few... - Performance

- Security / Authentication

- Data Bandwidth

- Service Level Agreements

- API Standards

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Ongoing Research - RSS Feed on Twitter

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References• Wikipedia: Cloud Computing

- en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

• IBM Cloud Computing- www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/

• Sun Microsystems- www.sun.com/solutions/cloudcomputing

• Appistry- www.appistry.com

• RightScale- www.rightscale.com

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http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/

http://www.ibm.com/ibm/cloud/



http://www.appistry.com

http://www.appistry.com


Acknowledgements

Background graphic courtsey ofwww.backgroundlabs.comand used with appreciation

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http://www.backgroundlabs.com

http://www.backgroundlabs.com

Documents

Cloud Computing Intro