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Cloud computing infrastructure prototype for university education and research

Article · January 2010

DOI: 10.1145/1806512.1806524

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Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University Education and Research

Youry Khmelevsky, Ph.D.Computer Science Department

Okanagan College1000 K.L.O. Road, Kelowna, BC, V1Y 4X8

+1 (250) 762-5445 loc. 4741

Youry <[email protected]>

Volodymyr Voytenko, Ph.D.Computing Science Department

King’s University College 9125-50 Street, Edmonton, T6B 2H3

+1 (780) 465-3500 loc. 8125

Volodymyr <[email protected]>

ABSTRACTIn this paper we provide an overview of the cloud computing paradigm and discuss its application in the form of a prototype for collaboration between academic institutions. “Cloud computing” is increasing in popularity nowadays, but many organizations understand cloud computing in different ways. Although almost everyone acknowledges the importance of more efficient resource utilization and a shift from desktop and mainframe applications to the client-server, distributed, multi-processing, n-tier, grid and, finally, to the cloud computing paradigm. We briefly analyze the cloud computing approach of computation and describe our current and accomplished educational and research projects, related to the discussed topic and our experience with educational infrastructure design. Then we evaluate the successful implementations of cloud computing models at educational institutions and the different ways to implement cloud computing. As the result, we present our research and education prototype for education infrastructures which is ready for experiment. In the conclusion, we summarize the results and provide a description for taking cloud computing infrastructure implementation and development to the next step.

Categories and Subject DescriptorsK.3.2 [Computer and Information Science Education]: Computer science education; C.2.4 [Computer-Communication Networks]: Distributed Systems – client/server, distributed applications; C.4 [Computer Systems Organization]: Performance of Systems – design studies, measurement techniques

General TermsManagement, Performance, Design, Reliability, Experimentation, Security, Human Factors

KeywordsCloud Computing, Virtualization, Utility Computing, Software Service, Computing Science Education, cluster computing, distributed computing

1. INTRODUCTION“Cloud computing” is one of the most significant advances changes in information technology since the rise of the global Internet network. This is the fifth generation of computing after mainframe computing, personal computing, client-server computing and the web. This term may be defined as a convergence of the three major trends: virtualization, where applications are separated from infrastructure; utility computing, the packaging of computer resources in the form of metered service with a reasonable price; and software provisioning as a service in which applications are available on demand on a subscription basis.

According to the National Institute of Standards and Technology, cloud computing is defined as “a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g. networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction” [1]. Cloud computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the Internet and the hardware and system software in data centres that provide those services. Most real application projects deals with complex combination of computation, communication, storage and other requirements. Projects may require the processing of large datasets, so-called "web-scale" problems, using the power of tens, hundreds, or even thousands of computers. Because of the economies of scale and the development of virtualization technology, utility computing is an emerging model for provisioning of computing resources. In other words, one may buy computing cycles seconds rather than buying machines [2]. Highly-interactive applications can be delivered from "within the clouds", perhaps replacing traditional desktop software as we know it today.

Users have the choice of downloading software from the Internet or using their browser to access software that runs outside the university organization on Internet servers. The use of external software on Internet servers is called Software as a Service (SAAS). Many SAAS applications are available at little or no cost. In addition to lower software costs, IT administration labour costs are reduced as software does not need to be installed and maintained. Another benefit is the potential for group collaboration. In the past, software was loaded on many distributed devices, but now, with the use of Internet cloud, software and data can be stored on centralized servers facilitating access to data by a large group of users [2].

Use of cloud computing, as opposed to hosting and operating resources locally such as on a college or university network, has many benefits for educational institutions. The role of cloud computing in university education should not be underestimated as it can provide significant gains in offering

Permission to make digital or hard copies of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific permission and/or a fee.WCCCE '10, May 7–8, 2010, Kelowna, Canada.Copyright © 2010 ACM 978-1-4503-0098-8/10/05... $10.00

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immediate access to a wide range of different educational resources, research applications and tools. In October of 2007, IBM and Google teamed up to help university students gain the skills needed to program cloud applications. In 2009, IBM launched the IBM Cloud Academy, a global forum for educators, researchers and information technology personnel from the education industry to pursue cloud computing initiatives [3]. IBM and Google have already dedicated a large cluster of several hundred computers to this program, which is planned to grow to a few thousand servers over time.

2. THE CLOUD COMPUTING PROTOTYPE INITIATIVE BACKGROUNDThe main goal of this section is to share our experience and solutions within the cloud computing infrastructure prototype and build industrial relations for software development, software engineering and advanced and special topics courses (GIS, database and networking, system administration etc) in the Computer Science Department (COSC) at Okanagan College (OC) as well as at King's University College.

When Okanagan University College was split into two institutions in 2005, Okanagan College and the University of British Columbia Okanagan (UBCO), we received two fairly old Dell servers, an old SUN Ultra Spark server and a desktop computer which is used as an Oracle database server. During the last five years we conducted a number of research and educational projects in conjunction with our educational and industrial partners [4]. The results of some projects are already published and presented at conferences and in journals [4, 5, 6]. New research and educational projects and grants will be discussed later in this paper. During the last five years we successfully implemented a client-server infrastructure, Oracle Real Application Cluster (RAC), hosts virtualization (based on VMware products) at a designated server room for the COSC 224 “Projects in Computer Science” in the Computer Information Systems (CIS) Diploma and the COSC 470/471 “Software Engineering” (SE) in the Bachelor of Computer Information Systems (BCIS) Degree programs at Okanagan College [4]. The instruction in both programs was organized into two parts: the learning of Software Development (SD) in the CIS program as well as SE in the BCIS program. This was synchronized with practical SD and SE projects with real sponsors from the industry and academia and the projects were completed by small to medium sized groups of students (3-6 members in SD and 5-11 members in SE projects).

In the few last years, the following new topics, development tools and IDEs were introduced to the students in projects and other related courses, additionally to traditional programming languages: • LAMP • Oracle Express Edition (XE) and Oracle Application Express

(APEX)• Oracle Designer, Oracle Java Developer, Oracle SQL

Developer• Oracle Server Standard and Enterprise Editions (10g and 11g)• Oracle Real Application Cluster• Eclipse, CentOS and Fedora Linux • VMware virtualization by utilizing ESX Vmware, Vmware

Server, VMware Control Center, VMware Fusion for MAC OS X Leopard, VMware Workstations for Windows and Linux

• IBM Rational Software Architect, IBM RequisitePro, IBM Rational Rose Enterprise

• CVSNT, SVN and GitHub version control systems, as well as

• free OpenProj, DotProject, PHProjekt additionally to proprietary MS Project management tool.

We have seen fruitful experiences with commercial web hosting for student projects at local and international companies in Canada and the US. Moreover, local companies actively supported student projects and in many cases for free [4]. Recently we received additional support from Nokia, Amazon, Black Berry, VODA Computer Systems Ltd and additionally some other companies from Europe. We maintain long successful educational relations with IBM, Oracle, Microsoft and VMware. Also, we are currently in the process for getting admitted into the iPhone Developer Program at the Apple Developer Connection.

In [4, 5] we discussed the results of joint projects between Vancouver Island University, UBC Vancouver, and two departments at Okanagan College, which were used as a starting point for our our Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype in BC. The joint projects were the following:• “Geographic Information Systems joint project between

Malaspina University-College and Okanagan College”, 2005• “Geographic Information Systems New Course Development

joint project between Okanagan College and Malaspina University-College”, 2006

• “Post Graduate Advance Diploma in GIS Applications at Malaspina University-College (lead), University of British Columbia and Okanagan College” (funded by BC Campus), 2006

In the last few months we have gotten the following support for new initiatives from Amazon, Nokia and the Grant in Aid fund of Okanagan College:• A small Amazon Web Services™ (AWS) Cloud Computing

grant from Amazon [7]• A Nokia Donation Grant (two new N97 mobile telephones) for

SD and SE student projects at COSC• A VODA Computer Systems Ltd donation (3 IBM x335 and 5

IBM x345 servers for the SD and SE student projects and technological infrastructure development)

• Grant in Aid's grant ($2500.00) to support the COSC initiative with the iPhone Developer University Program [8]

Since early 2006, Amazon's AWS has provided companies of all sizes with an infrastructure web services platform in the cloud. Amazon supports universities and colleges by providing small grants to supply computing power, storage and other services for research and other educational purposes in cloud computing. With AWS, we have the flexibility to choose whichever development platform or programming model makes the most sense for the educational and research problems we are attempting to solve. We use resources carefully because if we exceed the grants budget we will be charged automatically from our credit card account at Amazon. Using AWS, we can take advantage of Amazon’s global computing infrastructure, which is the backbone of Amazon’s $15 billion retail business [7].

The current infrastructure of OC's Computer Science Department includes: three VMware ESX servers with VMware Control Center on IBM x365 server; a Dell EMC AX4-5i iSCSI data storage with capacity up to 60 TB, new Apple dual Quad Core xServe with Mac OS X Server Snow Leopard, and six other IBM xSeries servers for student projects which require direct access to the HW (for example current student projects such as our RFID and Automatic Telescope Control projects as well as IP TV project from the past years). All student research and SD/SE projects have industrial customers and use at least one separate virtual or real server with Linux or Microsoft Windows operating systems. Many student projects use several virtual or real servers for industrial software development environment simulation, where we should have development, acceptance and production

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servers for the customers and very often additional cloud computing resources from industry. Many customers for student projects have direct online access to the development and acceptance versions of the student projects and access to the production version on external (from ISP providers) or internal resources.

The Computing Science (CS) department at King's University College is only seven years old. It offers a Bachelor program in Computing Science with two specialized streams – Software Engineering applications and Computer Forensics. Computer infrastructure at the Computing Science department at King’s University College includes a software lab, a hardware lab and a server room. Both labs have 30 personal computers running Windows XP as a main operation system, but also has a Sun workstation, and some PCs with VMWare workstation and Red Hat Linux. One of the servers, Turing, is dedicated exclusively to Computing Science students (http://turing.kingsu.ca/). Placing this server under supervision of the CS department provides benefits for students, including faster response to new software installation and problems, and opportunities for faculty to take advantage of the lab for special course requirements, for example using a special operating system in the Operating Systems course. During the last few years, a number of research and educational SE projects in interdisciplinary modelling were conducted.

Starting in 2010, Okanagan College's Computer Science Department and King’s University College's Computer Science Department started to design a technological infrastructure prototype by utilizing resources in both organizations through cloud technology to serve as both a teaching tool and for research support in computer science and information technology. We believe that working together as two educational institutions, we can support new applications for cloud computing and offer more options to our students for deploying their learning, scientific and business applications. Also by creating and using a “virtual technology” lab, students will be able to develop systems and design complex distributed applications that take full advantage of the distributed computing paradigm rather than the conventional one-server, one-application model. For this purpose, we also need to develop new courses and labs.

3. PROPOSED EDUCATIONAL CLOUD INFRASTRUCTER PROTOTYPEIn February 2010, Cichannelinsider.com published “Cloud Computing: Top 5 Cloud Applications for 2010” [9], in which the top five possible main cloud applications of the year were defined. The security and availability concerns were mentioned as well. They indicate that the top analysts at IDC say the benefits of moving certain applications to the cloud outweigh the risks for some enterprises. As we mentioned in the introduction, some organizations with increasing data retention needs are most likely to adopt cloud applications, which is confirmed by the IDC’s survey of IT professionals [9]. Such organizations are looking to cloud computing. The following five possible cloud applications will dominate in 2010 [9] and can be successfully adopted by universities and colleges in computer science education:

1. Collaboration Application. Moving email and PIM to managed service providers. IDC says that 67 percent of survey respondents believe collaboration applications such as email, chat, conferencing and collaborative file sharing solutions such as SharePoint are a great fit for the cloud because they reduce costs in the short term [9].

At Okanagan College, we already utilize the Gmail calendars for student projects, DotProject and PHProjekt group project management systems on the resources of 1&1

Internet Ltd. services provider as well on the resources of OC's Computer Science Department, IMAP email accounts on free and commercial providers (gmail.com, 1&1 Internet Ltd., etc.), skype.com for free voice conferences, icq.com for free chat conferences, GitHub.com and SourceForge.net for free source code and project documentation archiving and source code sharing.

2. Web Serving. Moving web servers, management and analytic tools to the cloud is also at the top of the prioritized list, because this will reduce maintenance costs and reliance on subscription models as well as improve rapidness of deployment [9].

At Okanagan College we already utilizing both models, cloud resources as well as own local resources (local virtual and physical Linux, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS servers), and during the last several years, we allow students to use cloud computing resources from such large service providers as GoDaddy, 1&1 Internet Ltd. and some small local ISP providers for student projects. Also we already utilized our resources with other institutions in joint research and educational projects (as we described above). Currently, we arranged an agreement with King’s University College's Computer Science Department to build at first a cloud computing prototype infrastructure to share our resources for educational and research purposes. Additionally, we are investigating a wide variety of Amazon, global computing resources (under Amazon's small grant) for the utilization in our educational and academic cloud infrastructure.

3. Cloud Backup. Some companies like Asigra are moving disaster recovery and back-up to the cloud. As IDC says, in spite of cloud security concerns, 60 percent of enterprises are still considering moving back-up off-site to the cloud to protect against natural disasters, IT mishaps, power outages and other unforeseen catastrophic events [9].

At Okanagan Colleges' CIS/BCIS student projects we already started to use cloud resources from such companies as GitHub.com and SourceForge.net to backup student project's source code and use multi-server distributed environment for student projects, but we still didn't solve the OS and application cloud backup, because the industrial backup solutions are still expensive and free open sources solutions require a lot of manual work and support. We are going to extend our resources for different campuses at Okanagan College (as there are four campuses in different physical locations). In the last several years we already had several cases when we recovered lost student projects from distributed backups at COSC, because the college’s IT Services have not enough resources to support the COSC student SD/SE projects.

4. Business Applications hosted in the cloud are probably the most promising cloud service and the most interesting topic for computer science education because it can give businesses the option to pay as they go while providing the big-impact benefit of the latest technology advancements [9]. The involvement of students in such type of projects with real customers is mutually beneficial to students, faculty and businesses.

5. Personal Productivity Applications. CIchannelinsider.com predicts that hosted mobile applications through carriers and mobile software providers as well as document-editing applications like those from DataViz and Quickoffice are also expected to gain traction [9]. We already have several student projects focusing on such type of applications with support from Nokia and possible support from the iPhone development program.

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On the other hand, universities and colleges already started cloud computing technology utilization in administration, education and projects. For instance, “Seattle” [10], an educational platform that represents a common denominator for cloud computing, grid computing, peer-to-peer networking, distributed systems and networking. “Seattle” runs on a variety of different operating systems and architectures including Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, FreeBSD, portable devices like Nokia N800s and iPhones. Code written for “Seattle” is portable to different architectures and runs the same across all systems. This platform is a community-driven effort and is free to use [10].

In 2009, the Colorado State University (CSU) migrated to Google Apps for Education as an e-mail hosting solution for its students from an internal on-premise e-mail system [11]. This allowed collaboration between faculty and students on a scale not previously witnessed at CSU. The Google Apps for Education suite comprises Google Mail, Calendar, Talk, Docs, Sites and Video with zero cost and without advertisements [11]. According to a Forrester cost analysis [12], Google Apps is more effective than a Microsoft Exchange e-mail. Based on CSU research, the costs of software licensing, server hardware and staffing to support 50,000 users by using Microsoft Exchange e-mail (the number of undergraduate e-mail accounts at CSU) would be $9,774,000 per year [11]. The cost of Google Apps for businesses is $50 per user per year, or with 50,000 users, $2,500,000 per year. The cost of Google Apps Education Edition, however, is $0 per year [11]. As we can see from this example, the industrial cloud computing solution for the educational institution already gave an estimated savings from about $9,774,000 per year to $2,500,000 per year in the “businesses version” or to zero cost of licensing and equipment in the “educational version”.

Taking into account the last two examples, we can see that both approaches, industrial (or commercial) and non-commercial cloud computing solutions can be successfully employed within educational institutions.

We can continue the list of currently available cloud computing solutions from such companies as RedHat, Microsoft, Amazon, Google and IBM, which are investing resources into cloud computing infrastructure and research. We believe that introducing students to cloud computing is not only useful for education and gaining necessary skills, but it is beneficial for educational institutions and can save a lot of resources as well. We see a different understanding of cloud computing at different industrial companies: RedHat Enterprise Linux and Amazon provides cloud computing as a collection of machines with storage functionality and different operating systems [7]. Google’s platform for cloud computing hides locality and scalability issues from the programmer who writes programs to a custom programming API [11]. View of Microsoft on the cloud computing is as software-plus-service, associated with a “platform in the cloud and delivering applications across PCs, phones, TVs, and other devices, at work and in the home” [13].

4. CLOUD COMPUTING INFRASTRUCTURE PROTOTYPEThe Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype architecture of the software systems involved in the delivery of cloud computing typically involves multiple hardware and software cloud components communicating with each other over application programming interfaces. Complexity is controlled and the resulting systems are more manageable than their monolithic counterparts [16]. In our case, for the Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype we use available hardware at computer science departments and virtualization software applications from

VMware (purchased licenses couple years ago), such as Control Center, to control ESX Servers and virtual hosts on the top of them remotely on both nodes (see Figure 1).

Figure 1. Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University in Education and Research

The detailed structure of the virtual farm, which is used for our Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype are shown on Figure 2.

Figure 2. The Virtual Farm of the Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype for University in Education and

Research

5. CONCLUSIONIn this paper we discussed different views and solutions in the area of cloud computing related to education in computer science

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at universities and colleges. We also presented our own cloud computing infrastructure prototype which is ready for utilization in education and research. We gave examples of successful implementations at different institutions as well as the results of some of our achievements in the utilization of cloud computing in the educational process. In 2010 we started an inter-institutional initiative between Okanagan College and King's University College to build a prototype of a cloud computing infrastructure for educational purposes which can be shared by both organizations. The main goals of this prototype are: to share existing resources and to improve the level of computer science education in present courses by implementing new technological solutions in SD/SE projects, database management administration and development, systems analysis and design, networking and programming. Our experience totals more than 17 years experience in educational infrastructure building and heterogeneous resources utilization.

The next steps of the initiative are:

1. Further utilization of available free cloud computing resources in the educational process and in research

2. Increase collaboration with industry in the area of cloud computing utilization in the educational process and in research

3. Provide necessary resources for the student SD/SE projects with real customers

4. Research in the area of cloud computing and SE, multi-processing and parallel processing, deep virtualization and deep resource utilization

5. Involve industry and educational institutions into the development and implementation of our Cloud Computing Infrastructure Prototype

Hopefully, in the near future, the project will be expanded to include new researchers and educators from Canada and abroad.

6. ACKNOWLEDGMENTSOur thanks to the Okanagan College and King’s University College administration, Vancouver Island University and to IBM, Oracle, Microsoft, VMware, Nokia, Amazon, Black Berry, VODA Computer Systems Ltd. for supporting us in the educational process, in our research and student projects.

7. REFERENCES[1] Mell P., and Grance T. 2009. Effectively and Securely

Using the Cloud Computing Paradigm, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Information Technology Laboratory.

[2] Armbrust M., Fox A, Griffith R., Joseph A. D., Katz A.H., Konwinski A., Lee G., Patterson D. A., Rabkin A., Stoica I., and Zaharia M. 2009. Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, Technical report. Barkley RAD lab.

[3] Lohr S. 2007. Google and I.B.M. Join in ‘Cloud Computing’ Research. New York Times (10.08.2007)

[4] Khmelevsky, Y. 2009. SW development projects in academia. In Proceedings of the 14th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education (Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, May 01 - 02, 2009). R. Brouwer, D. Cukierman, and G. Tsiknis, Eds. WCCCE '09. ACM, New York, NY, 60-64. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1536274.1536292s

[5] Khmelevsky, Y., Govorov, M., and Burge, L. 2009. Okanagan College and Vancouver Island University educational joint projects results. In Proceedings of the 14th Western Canadian Conference on Computing Education (Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada, May 01 - 02, 2009). R. Brouwer, D. Cukierman, and G. Tsiknis, Eds. WCCCE '09. ACM, New York, NY, 65-69. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1536274.1536293

[6] Khmelevsky, Y. and Dhanjal, S. 2007. Information Security and Data Protection in Computer Science Education. 12th Western Canadian Conference Education on Computing Education (WCCCE-2007), Thompson Rivers University, Kamloops, Canada, May 3-5.

[7] http://aws.amazon.com/what-is-aws/

[8] http://developer.apple.com/iphone/program/university.h tml

[9] Cloud Computing: Top 5 Cloud Applications for 2010. http://www.channelinsider.com/c/a/Cloud-Computing/Top-5-Cloud-Applications-for-2010-319995/?kc=EWWHNEMNL02262010STR2

[10] Cappos, J., Beschastnikh, I., Krishnamurthy, A., and Anderson, T. 2009. Seattle: a platform for educational cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 40th ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (Chattanooga, TN, USA, March 04 - 07, 2009). SIGCSE '09. ACM, New York, NY, 111-115. DOI= http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1508865.1508905

[11] Dan R. Herrick. 2009. Google this!: using Google apps for collaboration and productivity. In Proceedings of the ACM SIGUCCS fall conference on User services conference (SIGUCCS '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 55-64. DOI=10.1145/1629501.1629513 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1629501.1629513

[12] http://www.google.com/a/help/intl/en/admins/pdf/forrester_cloud_email_cost_analysis.pdf

[13] "OK, Boys, Cloud Computing Is the Plan" - Steve Ballmer. http://wireless.sys-con.com/node/618924

[14] Rayport J. and Heyward A. 2009. Envision the cloud: the next computing paradigm. Marketspace Report (March, 2009).

[15] Gankel T., Pfaff B., Chow J., Rosenblum M., and Boneh D. 2003. Terra: a virtual machine-based platform for trusted computing. Proc. of SOSP ‘03, 2003.

[16] Cloud computing. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_computing

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