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UNIT-II
Cloud as a service: introduction – gamut of cloud solutions –
principal technologies- cloud strategy – cloud design and
implementation using SOA – conceptual cloud model – cloud service
defined. Cloud solutions: introduction – cloud ecosystem – cloud
business process management – cloud service management – on
premise cloud orchestration and provisioning engine – computing on
demand. (Chap 3,4)
TEXT BOOK
1. Dr. Kumar Saurabh “Cloud Computing-Unleashing Next Gen
Infrastructure to Application”, 3rd Edition, Wiley India Pvt Ltd,
2014.
“Cloud Computing” Prepared by Dr.P.Sumathi
Year Subject Title Sem Sub. Code
2018-19
Onwards
CLOUD COMPUTING III 18MIT34C
Introduction
Gamut of cloud solutions
Principal Technologies
Cloud Strategy
Cloud Design and Implementation using SOA
Conceptual Cloud Model
Cloud Service Defined
Chapter 3: Cloud as a service
Introduction
Cloud computing is based on Service model.
Categories of service model
The service models are categorized into three basic models:
1) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
2) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
3) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
1) Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
SaaS is known as 'On-Demand Software'.
It is a software distribution model. In this model, the
applications are hosted by a cloud service provider and
publicized to the customers over internet.
In SaaS, associated data and software are hosted
centrally on the cloud server.
User can access SaaS by using a thin client through a
web browser.
CRM, Office Suite, Email, games, etc. are the software
applications which are provided as a service through
Internet.
The companies like Google, Microsoft provide their
applications as a service to the end users.
Advantages of SaaS
SaaS is easy to buy because the pricing of SaaS is based on monthly or
annual fee and it allows the organizations to access business
functionalities at a small cost, which is less than licensed applications.
SaaS needed less hardware, because the software is hosted remotely,
hence organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware.
Less maintenance cost is required for SaaS and do not require special
software or hardware versions.
Disadvantages of SaaS
SaaS applications are totally dependent on Internet connection. They are
not usable without Internet connection.
It is difficult to switch amongst the SaaS vendors.
2) Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS)
PaaS is a programming platform for developers. This platform is generated
for the programmers to create, test, run and manage the applications.
A developer can easily write the application and deploy it directly into
PaaS layer.
PaaS gives the runtime environment for application development and
deployment tools.
Google Apps Engine(GAE), Windows Azure, SalesForce.com are the
examples of PaaS.
Advantages of PaaS
PaaS is easier to develop. Developer can concentrate on the development
and innovation without worrying about the infrastructure.
In PaaS, developer only requires a PC and an Internet connection to start
building applications.
Disadvantages of PaaS
One developer can write the applications as per the platform provided by
PaaS vendor hence the moving the application to another PaaS vendor is a
problem.
3) Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
IaaS is a way to deliver a cloud computing infrastructure like server, storage,
network and operating system.
The customers can access these resources over cloud computing platform i.e
Internet as an on-demand service.
In IaaS, you buy complete resources rather than purchasing server, software,
datacenter space or network equipment.
IaaS was earlier called as Hardware as a Service(HaaS). It is a Cloud computing
platform based model.
HaaS differs from IaaS in the way that users have the bare hardware on which
they can deploy their own infrastructure using most appropriate software.
Advantages of IaaS
In IaaS, user can dynamically choose a CPU, memory storage configuration
according to need.
Users can easily access the vast computing power available on IaaS Cloud
platform.
Disadvantages of IaaS
IaaS cloud computing platform model is dependent on availability of Internet and
virtualization services.
Hypervisor
Software that enables a user to create and run one or more virtual
machines simultaneously.
Also Known as the virtual machine monitor(VMM)
Functions:
Isolation of VM
Provisioning of Resources
Starts and stops the VM
Virtualizes all hardware resources
Types:
Type 1- sometimes called a ‘Bare Metal’ hypervisor’
Type 2- sometimes called a ‘Hosted Hypervisor’
Cloud orchestration refers to the arrangement and coordination of
automated tasks resulting in a consolidated process or workflow.
Many IT operations organizations implement automation in an ad
hoc, opportunistic fashion that yields islands of automation with low
operational agility and high costs. IT operations leaders should avoid
these types of implementations, which introduce risk and result in
expensive mistakes. Cloud orchestration offers a systematic
approach that maximizes the automation benefits of agility and
reduces costs.
Why cloud orchestration?
Cloud orchestration allows businesses to accelerate delivery for new
innovations, applications, and hybrid infrastructure by orchestrating
processes across domains, systems, and teams. It also leverages a
unified portal and cloud-inspired IT service model with full-stack
automation and monitoring. This improves the customer experience
and provides error-free delivery and continuous compliance.
Cloud Orchestration vs Cloud Automation - What's the
Difference?
Cloud orchestration and cloud automation are both technologies
that help IT organizations and software developers automate
repetitive processes in the cloud, so on the surface, it seems like
they could be used interchangeably. In fact, while cloud
orchestration and automation are closely related, there are a few
key differences you should know about.
Cloud automation is a subset of cloud orchestration. When
we talk about cloud automation, we're looking at a single task and
asking "How can we automate this task"? Cloud automation tools
can automate singular processes effectively, like spinning up a
batch of virtual machines with dedicated storage or deploying
applications to the cloud with a specified configuration.
Cloud orchestration introduces and enforces a
process flow for automated activities. It allows IT
operators to take a set of automated processes and
combine them into a specified workflow that fully
automates the delivery of the service from the initial
request through to completion. Cloud orchestration is
all about process control - it uses automated tasks as
building blocks to coordinate more complex processes
that can involve multiple resources across cloud
environments to meet client requests.
SOA, or service-oriented architecture, defines a way to make software
components reusable via service interfaces. These interfaces utilize
common communication standards in such a way that they can be
rapidly incorporated into new applications without having to perform
deep integration each time.
(OR)
The Service Oriented Architecture is an architectural design which
includes collection of services in a network which communicate with
each other. The complication of each service is not noticeable to other
service. The service is a kind of operation which is well defined, self
contained that provides separate functionality such as checking
customer account details, printing bank statements etc and does not
depend on the sate of other services.
SOA provides a reference model for architecting several software
systems, especially enterprise business applications and systems.
Refer this website to know more about SOA
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/soa/soa_cloud_computin
g.htm
https://www.w3schools.in/service-oriented-architecture/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-
science/services-oriented-architecture
3.7 Cloud service Defined
The term "cloud services" refers to a wide range of services delivered
on demand to companies and customers over the internet. These
services are designed to provide easy, affordable access to applications
and resources, without the need for internal infrastructure or
hardware. From checking email to collaborating on documents, most
employees use cloud services throughout the workday, whether
they’re aware of it or not.
Cloud services are fully managed by cloud computing vendors and
service providers. They’re made available to customers from the
providers' servers, so there's no need for a company to host the
applications on its own on-premises servers.
What are the benefits of cloud services?
Key advantages of using cloud services include:
The ability to scale
Because the cloud service provider supplies all necessary infrastructure and
software, there's no need for a company to invest in its own resources or
allocate extra IT staff to manage the service. This, in turn, makes it easy for
the business to scale the solution as user needs change-whether that means
increasing the number of licenses to accommodate a growing workforce or
expanding and enhancing the applications themselves.
Lowered costs
Many cloud services are provided on a monthly or annual subscription basis,
eliminating the need to pay for on-premises software licenses. This allows
organizations to access software, storage and other services without having to
invest in the underlying infrastructure or handle maintenance and upgrades.
Increased flexibility
With cloud services, companies can procure services on an on-
demand, as-needed basis. If and when there’s no longer a need for a
particular application or platform, the business can simply cancel the
subscription or shut down the service.
Higher Speeds
An intelligent software accelerates cloud services by overcoming
problems such as unreliable networks, congestion, inefficient
protocols and malicious attacks.
Better Security
Cloud security solutions are built with the intelligence gathered from
delivering 15 to 30% of the world’s web interactions every day. Our
security experts continually analyze data from hundreds of millions
of unique IP addresses and our distributed architecture deflects,
absorbs and filters malicious requests close to the attack source.
Introduction
Cloud Ecosystem
Cloud Business Process management
Cloud Service Management
On-Premise Cloud Orchestration and
Provisioning Engine
Computing on Demand
Chapter 4: Cloud solutions
In cloud computing, a proof-of-concept, or POC, is
a method enabling end users to test a product or
application in a virtual cloud environment. POCs are
generally used as part of the sales funnel in which
sales engineers offer a hands-on virtual IT
lab environment that mimics the actual production
environment used within the organization.
For example, a cybersecurity software company that
offers cyber ranges for training purposes can
give POC access to a customer which gives the team
access to start using the cyber range product, using
the customer’s real data, in an isolated, cloud-based
environment.
There are quite a few reasons for specifically utilizing a cloud POC
solution, including:
Scalability: The cloud offers unlimited capacity to grow. There’s
no need to buy new hardware, deal with networking issues, or
install and configure another box. Using a virtual
POC solution such as CloudShare, scaling up is taken care of
automatically.
Isolation: There’s no need to worry that our production
environment will be touched. Once we are running our POC
environment in a different cloud, there is no chance that real data
will be stolen or harmed. Also, users sent POCs with CloudShare
are each given isolated environments of their own.
Analytics: With a dedicated cloud POC solution, tracking all POCs
sent and each environment’s usage is a no-brainer. By having
built-in analytics, it’s easy to see who is the most involved user and
follow up with them to increase chances of closing a deal.
Identical Environments: The cloud enables virtual
environments to be built once and replicated an unlimited
number of times. This ensures each person using the POC
environment is using the exact same copy as everyone else.
Easy Invitations: Most systems require individual invitations
to be sent out and new POCs built for each invite. With cloud-
based proof of concepts, invites are as simple as adding an email
address and clicking send.
Salesforce Integration: With most enterprises using Salesforce
today, it is essential to be able to track a prospect’s usage and
send invitations through Salesforce. CloudShare has the
integration that helps sales close faster.
4.2 Cloud Ecosystem
A cloud ecosystem is a complex system of
interdependent components that all work together to
enable cloud services.
In nature, an ecosystem is composed of living and
nonliving things that are connected and work together.
In cloud computing, the ecosystem consists of hardware
and software as well as cloud customers, cloud
engineers, consultants, integrators and partners.
For the most part, every application has its own
committed server paying little mind to the cloud
provider you utilize.
To guarantee that everything works smoothly and
proficiently, the cloud ecosystem utilizes a focal
server (otherwise known as control server) to
administer and monitor traffic and customer
requests, which eventually includes the utilization
of protocols (set of rules) and middleware (special
software).
The reason why middleware is utilized here is to
permit different networked computers in the
ecosystem to exchange information with each other.
Cloud ecosystem is shown in figure.
4.3 Cloud Business process management
Business process management (BPM) leverages
software and services to provide total visibility into our
organization’s business processes. BPM helps us to
automate, monitor and optimize continuously improve
business processes to increase efficiency and reduce
costs.
Cloud computing business process
management is the use of (BPM) tools that are
delivered as software services (SaaS) over a
network. Cloud BPM business logic is deployed on an
application server and the business data resides
in cloud storage.
How does cloud computing allow business to
more efficiently?
If you develop and sell software, cloud computing
will make it easier to run your business. Using
the cloud eliminates the need to upgrade your own IT
infrastructure and purchase new hardware. This leads
to cost reductions, lower energy bills, and fewer time
delays.
Cloud computing, often described as a stack, has a broad
range of services built on top of one another under the
name cloud
Apache CloudStack is an open-source infrastructure as a
service platform (IaaS) that allows IT departments and
service providers to offer public cloud services.
CloudStack is open source cloud computing software for
creating, managing, and deploying infrastructure cloud
services.
It uses existing hypervisor platforms for virtualization,
such as KVM, VMware vSphere, including ESXi and
vCenter, and XenServer/XCP. In addition to its own API,
CloudStack also supports the Amazon Web Services (AWS)
API[2] and the Open Cloud Computing Interface from the
Open Grid Forum
CloudStack allows administrators to implement and
manage large networks of virtual machines that run
the following hypervisors:
1. VMware
2.KVM
3.Citrix XenServer
4.Xen Cloud Platform (XCP)
5. Oracle VM server
6.Microsoft Hyper-V
4.4.1 Cloud solution characteristics
4.5.1 Benefits/Value Proposition