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© 2009 IBM Corporation
Cloud Computing for a Smarter Planet
Prof. Dr. Kristof Kloeckner
General Manager, Rational Software
IBM
Nov 2013
Cloud Computing
Introduction
© 2009 IBM Corporation 2
Agenda
The Business Challenge
Definitions and Standards for Cloud
An Enterprise Perspective on Cloud Computing
Cloud Foundation Technologies and Cloud Platforms
References for this Course
© 2009 IBM Corporation 3
We are at an inflection point in the industry
JUST-IN-TIME MAINTENANCE Global aircraft engine manufacturer increases service revenue by 12% in
one year using real-time monitoring and proactive fault detection
MOBILE CUSTOMER TARGETING Card swipe in one store attracts coupons from nearby store –
resulting in 109% incremental sales lift
FAST BIG DATA ANALYSIS Global stock exchange cuts response times of market surveillance algorithms by
99% while lowering IT resources by 35% using a big data analysis platform
© 2009 IBM Corporation 4
The New Era of Computing
200 Billion
Smarter Physical Assets
Physical assets with IT intelligence
1.2 Billion
Boundless Infrastructures
Consumers will have SmartPhones
67%
Unpredictable Data Flows
of IT traffic will be Cloud-based
60,000
Expanding risk & cost
Cyber attacks every day
Cloud computing provides the foundation to effectively manage hybrid technologies
© 2009 IBM Corporation 5
Emergence of Systems of Engagement and Internet of Things coexisting with Systems of Record
Systems of Engagement Systems of Record
• Data & Transactions
• App Infrastructure
• Virtualized Resources
• Mobile
• Social Networking
• Big Data and Analytics Next Generation
Architectures
• Sensors
• Embedded intelligence
• Connected devices
Internet of Things
CRM ERP
Systems of Discovery
Insight
Signal from noise
© 2009 IBM Corporation 6
An Example Scenario: Proactive Asset Management Service
DISPATCH mobile repair teams
ANALYZE Predictive fault detection
SENSE Monitor assets
Asset management
GET TO MARKET FAST CONTINUOUSLY ITERATE & TEST AGILITY TO SCALE UP & DOWN
Chief Innovation Officer of a global transportation company wants to reduce maintenance costs by performing real-time monitoring of assets, analyzing that big data for predictive fault detection and providing visibility to this analysis to mobile repair teams that can be dispatched for preventative maintenance
Monitoring Streaming Scheduling
© 2009 IBM Corporation 7
How to build Proactive Asset Management with current IT ?
App Logic
Next Feature
Prototype Sandbox Limited
Live Scaled-out
service
Developer
IT INFRA HURDLE APP INTEGRATION HURDLE
GET TO MARKET FAST CONTINUOUSLY ITERATE & TEST AGILITY TO SCALE UP & DOWN
REPEAT Through
Application Lifecycle
Asset management
© 2009 IBM Corporation 8
Fast Application Assembly with an API-Driven Service Composition and Delivery Model
SDK
API Existing Applications
API
API
New Mobile Dispatch
Application
Services: IBM and Third Party
App Logic Asset management
Scheduling
Monitoring
© 2009 IBM Corporation 9
Fuels investments in
INNOVATION
Drives need for continuous IT
OPTIMIZATION
OPTIMIZATION INNOVATION
Challenge is to balance Optimization of existing systems with new Innovation
© 2009 IBM Corporation 10
CEOs View Technology As the Driving Force Shaping the Future
2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2013
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Technology Factors
Market Factors
Macro-economic Factors
People Skills
Regulatory Concerns
Socio-economic Factors
Globalization
Environmental Issues
Geopolitical Factors
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CEO Studies 2004–2013
Strategic reinvention 136% are more likely to use cloud to
reinvent customer relationships
Better decisions 170% more likely to use analytics
extensively via cloud to derive insights
Deeper collaboration
79% more likely to rely on cloud to locate
and leverage expertise in the ecosystem
© 2009 IBM Corporation 11
Today’s business infrastructures are
becoming inhibitors to business change.
In this new world, organizations must transform IT from cost centers driving on-going operations to strategic centers of
business innovation
© 2009 IBM Corporation 12
Banks use automated teller machines to improve service
and lower cost.
Manufacturers use robotics to improve quality and
lower cost.
Telcos automate traffic through switches to assure
service and lower cost.
Historically, operations have industrialized to become smarter.
… breakthroughs like these are enabled by service management systems.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 13
The growing complexity of IT systems and soon a trillion connected things demand that sprawling processes become standardized services that are efficient, secure and easy to access.
A Service Management System will provide visibility, control and automation across IT and business services to ensure consistent delivery.
“Cloud Computing” describes a new consumption and delivery model for IT services
IT also needs to become smarter … about delivering “services”.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 14
The Evolution of the IT Environment
From monolithic applications to dynamic services
From static infrastructure to cloud services
From programmed systems to learning systems
From structured data at rest to unstructured data in motion
From stable well-defined workloads to unpredictable workloads
From standard devices to a variety of devices
From proprietary standards to open innovation
© 2009 IBM Corporation 15
Agenda
The Business Challenge
Definitions and Standards for Cloud
An Enterprise Perspective on Cloud Computing
Cloud Foundation Technologies and Cloud Platforms
References for this Course
© 2009 IBM Corporation 16
“Cloud” is a service consumption and delivery model inspired by
consumer Internet services.
Enabled by Virtualization, (Service) Automation, Standardization
Cloud enables:
Self-service
Sourcing options
Economies-of-scale
“Cloud” represents:
The Industrialization of Delivery for IT supported Services
Multiple Types of Clouds will co-exist:
Private, Public and Hybrid
Workload and / or Programming Model Specific
The Essentials of Cloud Computing: Consumption & Delivery Models Optimized by Workload
Cloud Services
Cloud Computing
Model
© 2009 IBM Corporation 17
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Application-as-a-Service
Servers Networking Storage
Middleware
Collaboration
Financials
CRM/ERP/HR
Industry
Applications
Data Center
Fabric
Shared virtualized, dynamic provisioning
Database
Web 2.0 Application
Runtime
Java
Runtime
Development
Tooling
Four major categories of Cloud Computing services are emerging
Examples
Business Process-as-a-Service
Employee
Benefits Mgmt.
Industry-specific
Processes
Procurement
Business Travel
© 2009 IBM Corporation 18 Standardization; OPEX savings; faster time to value
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Traditional On-Premises
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Platform as a Service
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
O/S
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Software as a Service
Networking
Storage
Servers
Virtualization
Middleware
Runtime
Data
Applications
Infrastructure as a Service
O/S
Vendor Manages in Cloud Client Manages
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS – who manages what?
© 2009 IBM Corporation 19
Multi-tenancy Options –
Degrees of Isolation and Sharing
Sharing Isolation
Hardware
OS
WAS & DB2
Multi-Tenant Application
Tenant Tenant
Hardware
OS
WAS & DB2
Application Instance
Tenant
Application Instance
Tenant
Hardware
WAS & DB2
Application Instance
Tenant
WAS & DB2
Application Instance
Tenant
OS
Hardware
WAS & DB2
Application Instance
Tenant
WAS & DB2
Application Instance
Tenant
OS OS
shared hardware shared OS shared middleware shared application
Shared App Shared Hardware Shared OS Shared Middleware
© 2009 IBM Corporation 20
National Institute of Standards – Definition of Cloud Computing
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/
Definition of Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model promotes availability and is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
Essential Characteristics:
On-demand self-service. A consumer can unilaterally provision computing capabilities, such as server time and network storage, as needed automatically without requiring human interaction with each service’s provider.
Broad network access. Capabilities are available over the network and accessed through standard mechanisms that promote use by heterogeneous thin or thick client platforms (e.g., mobile phones, laptops, and PDAs).
Resource pooling. The provider’s computing resources are pooled to serve multiple consumers using a multi-tenant model, with different physical and virtual resources dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand. There is a sense of location independence in that the customer generally has no control or knowledge over the exact location of the provided resources but may be able to specify location at a higher level of abstraction (e.g., country, state, or datacenter). Examples of resources include storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines.
Rapid elasticity. Capabilities can be rapidly and elastically provisioned, in some cases automatically, to quickly scale out and rapidly released to quickly scale in. To the consumer, the capabilities available for provisioning often appear to be unlimited and can be purchased in any quantity at any time.
Measured Service. Cloud systems automatically control and optimize resource use by leveraging a metering capability at some level of abstraction appropriate to the type of service (e.g., storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts). Resource usage can be monitored, controlled, and reported providing transparency for both the provider and consumer of the utilized service.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 21
National Institute of Standards – Definition of Cloud Computing
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/ Service Models:
Cloud Software as a Service (SaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to use the provider’s applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through a thin client interface such as a web browser (e.g., web-based email). The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings.
Cloud Platform as a Service (PaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer-created or acquired applications created using programming languages and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly application hosting environment configurations.
Cloud Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing, storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, deployed applications, and possibly limited control of select networking components (e.g., host firewalls).
Deployment Models:
Private cloud. The cloud infrastructure is operated solely for an organization. It may be managed by the organization or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
Community cloud. The cloud infrastructure is shared by several organizations and supports a specific community that has shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be managed by the organizations or a third party and may exist on premise or off premise.
Public cloud. The cloud infrastructure is made available to the general public or a large industry group and is owned by an organization selling cloud services.
Hybrid cloud. The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more clouds (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load-balancing between clouds).
Note: Cloud software takes full advantage of the cloud paradigm by being service oriented with a focus on statelessness, low coupling, modularity, and semantic interoperability.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 22
Wikipedia – sampled on February 15, 2010
Cloud computing is Internet- ("cloud-") based development and use of computer technology
("computing").[1] In concept, it is a paradigm shift whereby details are abstracted from the users who no
longer have need of, expertise in, or control over the technology infrastructure "in the cloud" that supports
them.[2] Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption and delivery model for IT services
based on the Internet, and it typically involves the provision of dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources as a service over the Internet.[3][4]
The term cloud is used as a metaphor for the Internet, based on the cloud drawing used to depict the
Internet in computer network diagrams as an abstraction of the underlying infrastructure it represents.[5]
Typical cloud computing providers deliver common business applications online which are accessed from a
web browser, while the software and data are stored on servers. Benefits of cloud computing can be
numerous as defined by Nubifer Inc. (in Latin Nubifer translates to bringing the clouds). Nubifer, a top cloud
computing platform and consulting provider offers a definition of The Benefits of Cloud Computing. [6]
A technical definition is "a computing capability that provides an abstraction between the computing
resource and its underlying technical architecture (e.g., servers, storage, networks), enabling convenient,
on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly
provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction."[7] This definition
states that clouds have five essential characteristics: on-demand self-service, broad network access,
resource pooling, rapid elasticity, and measured service.[7]
© 2009 IBM Corporation 23
Wikipedia – sampled on October 7, 2011
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing as a service rather than a product, whereby shared
resources, software, and information are provided to computers and other devices as a utility (like the
electricity grid) over a network (typically the Internet).
Cloud computing provides computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end-
user knowledge of the physical location and configuration of the system that delivers the services. Parallels
to this concept can be drawn with the electricity grid, wherein end-users consume power without needing to
understand the component devices or infrastructure required to provide the service.
Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery model for IT services based on
Internet protocols, and it typically involves provisioning of dynamically scalable and often virtualized
resources.[1][2] It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease-of-access to remote computing sites provided
by the Internet.[3] This may take the form of web-based tools or applications that users can access and use
through a web browser as if the programs were installed locally on their own computers.[4]
Cloud computing providers deliver applications via the internet, which are accessed from a web browser,
while the business software and data are stored on servers at a remote location. In some cases, legacy
applications (line of business applications that until now have been prevalent in thin client Windows
computing) are delivered via a screen-sharing technology, while the computing resources are consolidated at
a remote data center location; in other cases, entire business applications have been coded using web-
based technologies such as AJAX.
Most cloud computing infrastructures consist of services delivered through shared data-centers and
appearing as a single point of access for consumers' computing needs. Commercial offerings may be
required to meet service-level agreements (SLAs), but specific terms are less often negotiated by smaller
companies.[5][6]
© 2009 IBM Corporation 24
Wikipedia – sampled on October 27, 2012 Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service
over a network (typically the Internet). The name comes from the use of a cloud-shaped symbol as an
abstraction for the complex infrastructure it contains in system diagrams. Cloud computing entrusts remote
services with a user's data, software and computation.
There are many types of public cloud computing:[1]
Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Platform as a service (PaaS)
Software as a service (SaaS)
Storage as a service (STaaS)
Security as a service (SECaaS)
Data as a service (DaaS)
Test environment as a service (TEaaS)
Desktop as a service (DaaS)
API as a service (APIaaS)
The business model, using software as a service, users also rent application software and databases. The
cloud providers manage the infrastructure and platforms on which the applications run.
End users access cloud-based applications through a web browser or a light-weight desktop or mobile app
while the business software and user's data are stored on servers at a remote location. Proponents claim
that cloud computing allows enterprises to get their applications up and running faster, with improved
manageability and less maintenance, and enables IT to more rapidly adjust resources to meet fluctuating and
unpredictable business demand.[2][3]
Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale similar to a
utility (like the electricity grid) over a network.[4] At the foundation of cloud computing is the broader concept
of converged infrastructure and shared services.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 25
Wikipedia – sampled on October 6, 2013
Cloud computing, or the cloud, is a colloquial expression used to describe
a variety of different types of computing concepts that involve a large
number of computers connected through a real-time communication
network such as the Internet.[1] Cloud computing is a term without a
commonly accepted unequivocal scientific or technical definition. In science,
cloud computing is a synonym for distributed computing over a network and
means the ability to run a program on many connected computers at the
same time. The phrase is also, more commonly used to refer to network-
based services which appear to be provided by real server hardware, which
in fact are served up by virtual hardware, simulated by software running on
one or more real machines. Such virtual servers do not physically exist and
can therefore be moved around and scaled up (or down) on the fly without
affecting the end user – arguably, rather like a cloud.
The popularity of the term can be attributed to its use in marketing to sell
hosted services in the sense of application service provisioning that run
client server software on a remote location.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 26
Cloud Standards Build on a Long Tradition
Cloud Computing
e-Business
Service Oriented Architecture
Social Business
Mobile Computing
Open Cloud Architecture
© 2009 IBM Corporation 27
• Drive user requirements into standards development process.
• Establish the criteria for open standards based cloud
computing.
• Deliver content in the form of best practices, case studies, use
cases, requirements, gap analysis and recommendations for
cloud standards.
• Position your organization as a thought leader in Cloud
Computing
Members include Aetna, AT&T, Boeing, Citigroup, Daimler, Kroger, Lockheed Martin, North
Carolina State University State Street, Valspar and over 225 other organizations!
http://www.cloud-council.org/application
• Participation –. Primarily C-Level executive, VP of Development, IT management, Enterprise architects, cloud strategy
• Meetings– Monthly virtual meetings. Quarterly face-to-face co-located at OMG events. Participation through forums and subgroups.
• Oversight – Managed by OMG with IBM sponsorship (similar to SOA Consortium)
• Leadership – Founding members form steering committee
• Standards Development – This group will not produce standards but will provide guidance to existing standards development
organizations
• Web Presence- Community, Webcasts, Case studies, blogs, vendor showcase, whitepapers,
case studies awards.
• Candidate Deliverables – ready to use content in the form of use cases, case studies, requirements,
gap analysis and recommendations for cloud standards.
• Awareness – Drumbeat of awareness utilizing events, press, books, analysts partnerships and
media.
Structure Deliverables
The Cloud Standards Customer Council – ensuring business relevance of cloud standards
© 2009 IBM Corporation 28
Open Services for Lifecycle Collaboration (OSLC)
Dynamic Interaction
Common Services
Open Architecture
Federated Data
OSLC is an open community dedicated to making the integration of lifecycle & development tools easier.
• Key technology for continuous delivery across dev, test &
operations teams
• Based upon W3C Linked Data
• Loose coupling of resources using URLs
• Eclipse Lyo Project to develop OSLC enabled SDK
W3C Linked Data
4 design principles proposed by Tim Berners-Lee
Standardization will accelerate industry adoption &
interop
The Linked Data community is working toward standard data &
relationship formats maintained & accessed by Semantic tools.
• IBM sponsored W3C workshop on Linked Data Patterns (Dec 2011)
• IBM submitted Linked Data Basic Profile 1.0 proposal (Mar 2012)
• W3C chartered Linked Data Platform workgroup (May 2012)
Topology & Orchestration Spec for Cloud Apps
(TOSCA) will enable compose once & play anywhere
management of cloud infrastructure topologies
The OASIS TOSCA Technical Committee works to enhance the portability of cloud applications and services.
• A structural model for cloud services, components &
relationships
• A process model for build & management plans
• A packaging specification for cloud services & related
artifacts
OpenStack Foundation
OpenStack seeks to produce an ubiquitous IaaS open
source cloud computing platform for public & private
clouds
The global OpenStack community has developed an open cloud operating system, that is simple to implement &
massively scalable
• Multiple components: Compute, Store, Image Service, Identity,
Dashboard
• The foundation promotes the development, distribution and
adoption of the OpenStack platform
Platinum Sponsors
Other Standardization Efforts Related to Cloud Computing
© 2009 IBM Corporation 29
How do we make this real? An open cloud architecture
OAuth API economy
TOSCA
Cloud
operating environment
OSLC
Software
defined environments
Open technologies are building the open cloud
architecture
© 2009 IBM Corporation 30
Agenda
The Business Challenge
Definitions and Standards for Cloud
An Enterprise Perspective on Cloud Computing
Cloud Foundation Technologies and Cloud Platforms
References for this Course
© 2009 IBM Corporation 31
Businesses are choosing a variety of cloud models to meet
their unique needs and priorities.
Private cloud
Hybrid IT
Public cloud
Appliances, pre-integrated systems and
standard hardware, software and
networking.
Traditional IT
On or off premises cloud infrastructure
operated solely for an organization and
managed by the organization or a third party
Available to the general public or a
large industry group and owned by an
organization selling cloud services.
Traditional IT and clouds (public and/or private) that
remain separate but are bound together by technology
that enables data and application portability
© 2009 IBM Corporation 32
Spectrum of Deployment Options for Cloud Computing
Enterprise
Data Center
Private
Cloud
Managed
Private Cloud
Hosted
Private Cloud
Shared
Cloud Services
Public
Cloud Services
Enterprise
Data Center
Third-party operated
Enterprise
Third-party hosted and operated
Enterprises Users
Free Register
Credit Card Click to contract
Hybrid Internal and external service delivery
methods are integrated
Private Public IT capabilities are provided “as a
service,” over an intranet, within the enterprise and behind the firewall
IT activities / functions are provided “as a service,”
over the Internet
© 2009 IBM Corporation 33
5%
7%
14%
18%
16%
29%
23%
48%
46%
44%
51%
57%
47%
62%
Hybrid Cloud
PredictiveModeling
Public Cloud
Private Cloud
Big Data
Appliances
Advanced Mobile
Currently Using Exploring/Planning Adoption
Source: 2011 SWG Buyer Behavior Study n=2700
Private Clouds lead Adoption
© 2009 IBM Corporation 34
But: Growing Customer Preference for Hybrid Clouds –
Vendor Perspectives
Microsoft 2013: ―Workload mobility across clouds and hybridity is the future‖
Rackspace (August, 2013):
– 60% of US/UK enterprises prefer hybrid deployment models
– Companies typically begin with public cloud, private cloud or dedicated servers, but later
realize they need hybrid benefits
– Companies with > 10 apps in the cloud (84% of enterprises) more likely to go hybrid
– http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/rackspace-2013-hybrid-cloud-
survey-results
VMware’s Project Zephyr (public ESXi cloud)
– ―…using the same server, storage and network virtualization services on the public cloud
as are used inside the corporate data center would save customers a great deal of time
and money‖ – Bill Fathers, VMware
Apache CloudStack (Citrix/Cloud.com)
– Supports Amazon’s Web Services (AWS) API
Eucalyptus
– Supports AWS API
IBM (CastIron, SoftLayer, et al.)
Analysts Studies (Gartner, IDC, et al.) show growing preference
© 2009 IBM Corporation 35
For Enterprises, the Cloud Value Proposition is Around Operational Efficiency
and Business Transformation
INNOVATVE BUSINESS MODELS IMPROVED OPERATIONS
Business leaders, in particular, believe
that cloud-based delivery models will
radically change service provision and
drive spending on cloud investments
55% believe cloud enables them to
focus on transforming their business
and make their processes leaner, faster
and more agile
Source: "Cloud will Transform Business as We Know It: The Secret’s in the Source”, Hfs Research, and the London School of Economics, December, 2010
65% believe cloud will drive down the
cost of running business applications
Infrastructure, testing, and SaaS are
expected to cost much less than
traditional outsourced services by at
least 30% to 60%
60% of business executives also expect
cloud service delivery cycles to speed
up application implementation
Cloud Market Trends 2011 : “To What Extent Do the Following Aspects of the Cloud Value Proposition Appeal”?
© 2009 IBM Corporation 36 36
These Factors Plus Re-Engineering IT Business and Delivery
Processes Drive Cloud Economics
Virtualization of
Hardware
Standardization of
Workloads
Utilization of
Infrastructure
Automation of
Management
Virtualized environments only
get benefits of scale if they are
highly utilized
Drives lower capital
requirements
More complexity = less
automation possible = people
needed
Take repeatable tasks and
automate
Lab
or
Levera
ge
In
frastr
uctu
re
Levera
ge
Self Service Clients who can “serve themselves”
require less support and get services
© 2009 IBM Corporation 37 37
Cost Savings through Private Clouds
Traditional Infrastructure
• x86 servers – one application per server
• 10% average hardware utilization rate
• Manual operations & maintenance
Internal Private Cloud
• x86 servers – full virtualization
• 50% average hardware utilization rate
• Service management platform
versus
Can reduce IT labor cost by 50% in configuration, operations, management and monitoring
Can improve capital utilization by 75%, significantly reducing license costs
Reduce provisioning cycle times from weeks to minutes
Can reduce end user IT support costs by up to 40%
(IBM projections based on customer work)
Scale
Unit
cost
Traditional
Infrastructure
Enterprise
Cloud
Large enterprises can significantly reduce costs for some
workloads compared with traditional IT
Why…
© 2009 IBM Corporation 38 38 Cloud Computing 11/4/2013
Summary: Enterprise Benefits from Cloud Computing
Server/Storage
Utilization 10-20%
Self service None
Test
Provisioning Weeks
Change
Management Months
Release
Management Weeks
Metering/Billing Fixed cost
model
Payback period
for new services Years
70-90%
Unlimited
Minutes
Days/Hours
Minutes
Granular
Months
Legacy environments
Cloud enabled enterprise
Cloud is a synergistic fusion which accelerates business value across a wide variety of domains.
Capability From To
© 2009 IBM Corporation 39
Total Cloud Opportunity reaches $181B by 2015 with 26% CAGR
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Cloud Computing Opportunity
36 46
61
80
102
127
153
181
Billio
ns
26% CAGR
© 2009 IBM Corporation 40
Over half of CIOs expect Cloud to represent >50% of
their IT transactions near term
Gartner 2011 CIO Study
© 2009 IBM Corporation 41 41
Enterprises desire the benefits of cloud – but are not willing to
compromise on their requirements
44% are concerned with
the lack of or limited ability for
customization of public clouds
56% believe that service level
agreements are not detailed
enough
50% concerned about the loss of control over
IT activities/ business processes
From self service to
fully managed
environments
Varying degrees
of Security and
Isolation
Availability and
performance tuned
to workloads
Technology
platform choices
built on standards
Flexible payment
and billing
options
Enterprise Initiatives
© 2009 IBM Corporation 42
What workloads are we seeing move to Cloud delivery?
Single virtual appliance workloads
Test and Pre-production systems
Mature packaged offerings like email and
collaboration
Software development environments
Batch processing jobs with limited security
requirements
Isolated workloads where latency between
components is not an issue
Storage solutions / storage as a services
Backup solutions / backup and restore as a
service
Some data intensive workloads if the provider
has a cloud storage offering tied to the cloud
compute offering
Workloads which depend on sensitive data
normally restricted to the enterprise – e.g. employee information, health care records
Workloads composed of multiple, co-dependent
services – High throughput online transaction processing
Workloads requiring a high level of auditability,
accountability – e.g. workloads subject to Sarbanes-Oxley
Workloads based on 3rd party software which does
not have a virtualization or cloud aware licensing
strategy
Workloads requiring detailed chargeback or
utilization measurement as required for capacity
planning or departmental level billing
Workloads requiring customization (e.g.
customized SaaS
What workloads may not be ready for Cloud delivery today?
Considerations for moving Workloads to the Cloud
© 2009 IBM Corporation 43
Cloud Services Spectrum
43
Cloud Enabled
Workloads
Cloud Centric
Workloads
Scalable
Virtualized
Elastic
Multi-tenant
Standardized Infrastructure Heterogeneous Infrastructure
Existing
Middleware
Workloads
Emerging
Platform
Workloads
Automated LIfecycle Integrated Lifecycle
Compatibility with existing systems Exploitation of new environments
© 2009 IBM Corporation 44
A New Operating Model for Cloud Centric Applications
Capabilities and User Experience Today Emerging
Primary Workload Types Systems of Record
(Transactional) Systems of Engagement (+ Record)
(Big Data, Analytics, Mobile/Social Channels)
Delivery Model Planned Incremental (DevOps)
Development and Operations Team Sizes
100s and Costly 10s with built-in DevOps automation
Release Frequency Months to Years Days to Weeks, based on business opportunity
Integration Frequency Weeks Continuous
Infrastructure Deployment Days Minutes
Time to Value Planned Opportunistic
Operational Model Systems Management Built in to application, Recovery Oriented
Computing, Continuous Availability
Service Sourcing Develop Consume and Assemble
(Public and Private)
© 2009 IBM Corporation 47
Workloads and Applications
Client
Applications
Analytics
Mobile
Access
Custom
Applications
Database
Cloud
Centric
Systems of
Engagement
Cloud Enabled
Systems of
Record
• BPM
• WAS/J2EE
• CICS/IMS
• Portal
• …
• Hadoop
• PHP
• Cassandra
• Nginx
• Munin
• …
Existing Workloads
New workloads
Social &
Collaboration
Packaged Apps (IBM, SAP, Oracle)
Middleware (J2EE, Transactions)
+
Driven by market needs vs.
technology
Optimized for agility and
velocity for variable workloads,
scale, dynamic composition,
multiple programming models &
services
New scalable runtime focusing
on progressive composition
with loosely coupled delegated
models integrating development,
application services, operations,
and infrastructure
Optimized for reducing OPEX for
existing patterns and integrating
with existing operational and
service management processes
Significant body of automation
and integration content for
existing workloads (SAP, Oracle
etc.)
Still a large opportunity as
customers implement
virtualization and evolve to
standardization
+
© 2009 IBM Corporation 48
Five Emerging Cloud Architectures
1. Virtualized Traditional - Extensions of Java Application Servers, Support for
‘Traditional’ Transactional Workloads (Cloud enabled)
– Moving existing workloads to the cloud
– Requires best practices, patterns, tooling
2. Database Centric - data driven + small computation on small data
– With multi-tenancy attractive for enterprise and service providers
3. Content Centric - computation needs to be close to data + large computation
on large data
– Data Mining, Analytics, Data Warehouse,
4. Loosely Coupled - computation and data are separate
– Can be addressed by existing middleware, but ‘relaxed consistency’ models
emerging
5. Storage Analytics - Data and Storage Integration
© 2009 IBM Corporation 49
Systems of Interaction
Continuous client
experience
Partner value chain
Cloud-based Services
Systems of Engagement Systems of Record
CRM HR
DB ERP
Cloud Computing Requires Continuous Delivery
of customers experience
production delays
>45%
of outsourced projects fail to
meet objectives
>50%
of budgets devoted to maintenance and
operations
>70%
to deliver even minor application changes to
customers
4-6 weeks
DEVELOPMENT/TEST
Speed mismatch between faster moving front office and slower
moving back office systems, delaying time to obtain feedback
SUPPLIERS
Delivery in the context of agile
OPERATIONS
Rapid app releases impact system stability
and compliance
LINE-OF-BUSINESS
Takes too long to introduce or make changes
to mobile apps and services
© 2009 IBM Corporation 50
DevOps Takes a Different Approach to Application Delivery
Operations/ Production
Development/ Test
Customers Business Owners
DevOps takes a business-oriented perspective in optimizing the entire delivery value stream by
applying Lean Principles to software/service delivery, fostering collaboration across the business
to enable continuous delivery
Agile Development Continuous
Business
Planning
Continuous Integration
Continuous Deployment
Continuous Testing
Continuous Monitoring
Existing efforts/practices address only a subset of the value chain
DevOps
Continuous Delivery of Software-driven innovation with a feedback loop
IDE
A
MA
RK
ET
© 2009 IBM Corporation 51
DevOps Adoption Paths
Open Lifecycle and Service Management Integration Platform
OSLC
Ec
osy
ste
m
Bes
t Pra
ctic
es
Monitor and Optimize
Plan and Measure Develop and Test Release and Deploy
Operations/Production Development/Test Customers Business Owners
Continuous Innovation, Feedback and Improvements
© 2009 IBM Corporation 52
Agenda
The Business Challenge
Cloud Definitions and Standards
An Enterprise Perspective on Cloud Computing
Cloud Foundation Technologies and Cloud Platforms
References for this Course
© 2009 IBM Corporation 53
Understanding Cloud Services:
IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture
Publically available RA whitepaper on ibm.com:
http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/ciw03078usen/CIW03078USEN.PDF
CCRA OpenGroup submission:
http://www.opengroup.org/cloudcomputing/uploads/40/23840/CCRA.IBMSubmission.02282011.doc
The IBM CC RA represents the aggregate
experience
– across hundreds of cloud client
engagements
– the implementation of IBM-hosted
clouds
– of IBM’s services, software & system
and Research organization
The IBM Cloud Computing Reference
Architecture (CC RA) is reflected in the
design of all IBM cloud offerings
The CC RA consists of 21 detailed
documents representing best-of-industry
knowledge and insight on how to architect,
design and implement clouds
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud Service Creator
Cloud Service
Consumer
Cloud Service Provider
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operatio
nal
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service Integrati
on Tools
Consumer
In-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Infrastructure
Existing & 3rd
party services,
Partner
Ecosystems
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture: Architecture Overview | IBM Confidential
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud Service Creator
Cloud Service Consumer
Cloud Service Provider
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CC RA) – Overview
Common Cloud
Management Platform (CCMP)
Operational
Support
Services
(OSS)
Cloud Services
Infrastructure-as-a-Service
Platform-as-a-Service
Software-as-a-Service
Business-Process-
as-a-Service
Business
Support
Services
(BSS)
Cloud Service
Integration Tools
Consumer In-house IT
Service Creation
Tools
Infrastructure
Existing & 3rd party
services, Partner
Ecosystems
© 2011 IBM Corporation
IBM Cloud Computing Reference Architecture: Architecture Overview | IBM Confidential
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture (CC RA) – Overall drill-down
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud Service Creator
Cloud Service Provider Cloud Service Consumer
Cloud Services
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
BPaaS
Common Cloud
Management Platform
Cloud Service Integration
Tools
Consumer In-
house IT
Infrastructure
Middleware
Applications
Business Processes
OSS – Operational Support
Services
BSS – Business Support
Services
Subscriptio
n
Managemen
t
Pricing
Entitlement
Managemen
t
Metering Rating Billing
Clearing &
Settlement
Accounts
Payable
Accounts
Receivable
Customer
Account
Managemen
t
Service
Offering
Catalog
Service
Offering
Managemen
t
Contracts &
Agreement
Managemen
t
Service
Request
Managemen
t
Order
Managemen
t
Transition
Manager
Deployment
Architect
Operations
Manager
Service Provider Portal & API
Consumer
Administrator
Consumer
Business
Manager
Consumer
End user
Service
Creation Tools
Service Management Development
Tools
Service Runtime
Development
Tools
Software Development
Tools
Image Creation Tools
Service
Component
Developer
Infrastructure
Security &
Risk Manager
Customer
Care
Service
Manager
Business
Manager
Service
Composer
Offering
Manager Service
Integrator
Serv
ice M
an
ag
em
en
t
Se
rvic
e C
on
su
me
r Po
rtal &
AP
I
Se
rvic
e D
ev
elo
pm
en
t Po
rtal &
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
Existing &
3rd party
services,
Partner
Ecosystem
s
Provisioning
Incident &
Problem
Management
IT Service
Level
Management
Service Automation Management
Service Delivery Catalog
Service
Request
Management
Change &
Configuratio
n
Management
Image
Lifecycle
Management
Monitoring &
Event
Management
IT Asset &
License
Management
Capacity &
Performance
Management
Platform & Virtualization Management
Infr
as
tru
ctu
re
Mg
mt
Inte
rfa
ce
s
Pla
tfo
rm M
gm
t
Inte
rfa
ce
s
So
ftw
are
Mg
mt
Inte
rfa
ce
s
BP
Mg
mt
Inte
rfa
ce
s
© 2009 IBM Corporation 56
Cloud Computing Reference Architecture drill-down,
highlighting some important topics
Governance
Security, Resiliency, Performance & Consumability
Cloud ServiceCreator
Cloud Service ProviderCloud ServiceConsumer
Cloud Services
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
BPaaS
Common Cloud
Management Platform
Cloud Service Integration
Tools
Consumer In-
house IT
Infrastructure
Middleware
Applications
Business Processes
OSS – Operational Support
Services
BSS – Business Support
Services
Subscription Management
PricingEntitlement
Management
Metering Rating Billing
Clearing & Settlement
Accounts Payable
Accounts Receivable
Customer Account
Management
Service Offering
Catalog
Service Offering
Management
Contracts & Agreement
Management
Service Request
Management
Order Management
Transition
Manager
Deployment
Architect
Operations
Manager
Service Provider Portal & API
Consumer
Administrator
Consumer
Business
Manager
Consumer End
user
Service Creation
Tools
Service Management Development
Tools
Service Runtime Development
Tools
Software Development
Tools
Image Creation Tools
Service
Component
Developer
Inf rastructure
Security &
Risk Manager
Customer
Care
Service
Manager
Business
Manager
Service
Composer
Offering
ManagerService
Integrator
Se
rvic
e M
an
ag
em
en
t
Serv
ice C
onsum
er P
orta
l & A
PI
Serv
ice D
evelo
pm
ent
Porta
l & A
PI
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
AP
I
Existing &
3rd party
services,
Partner
Ecosystems
Provisioning
Incident & Problem
Management
IT Service Level
Management
Service Automation Management
Service Delivery Catalog
Service Request
Management
Change & Configuration
Management
Image Lifecycle
Management
Monitoring & Event
Management
IT Asset & License
Management
Capacity & Performance
Management
Platform & Virtualization Management
Infr
astr
uctu
reM
gm
t In
terf
aces
Pla
tform
Mg
mt
Inte
rfaces
Softw
are
M
gm
tIn
terf
aces
BP
Mg
mt
Inte
rfaces
Usage Metering and Accounting
Flexible support of delivery models
Service Automation Management
Interpret and execute build- and mgmt. plans;
Orchestrate mgmt. componentry
Hybrid Cloud Management
Manage and integrate workloads on a cloud with existing processes,
management and business systems
Image Management
Design, build and manage images for cloud services
Virtualized Resource Management
Deploy cloud service on virtualized resources;
Manage virtual resources
Security
Design for multi-tenancy;
Protect assets through isolation, integrity, image- risk and compliance mgmt.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 57
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure Platform
Usage and Accounting
Availability and Performance
Management and Administration
Security and Compliance
Application Lifecycle
Application Resources
Application Environments
Application Management
Integration
Smarter Analytics
Social Business
Smarter Commerce
Smarter Cities
Evolving the Understanding of Cloud Services –
The Old Static View
© 2009 IBM Corporation 58
Evolving IaaS to a More Dynamic, Analytics Based Software
Defined Environment
Workload definition, Optimization, & Orchestration
Software
Defined
Environment Software Defined
Compute Software Defined
Storage
Software Defined Networking
Resource Abstraction, Optimization & Security
Integrated Workload
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure
as a Service
TOSCA
Workload definition Optimization Orchestration
Embedded analytics
Workload-aware optimization
Integrated security & governance
Capability
Value
Simplified & standardized management
Agile infrastructure
Understanding & programming workloads
OSLC
© 2009 IBM Corporation 59
Software Defined Environment (SDE)…. A New Approach to Managing IT Infrastructure
Programmable infrastructure via Open APIs encourages broad ecosystem of
solutions providers
Workloads dynamically assigned resources based on app characteristics
and best available resources
Analytics-based compliance checking reduces security exposure & business risk
Continuous optimization to instantly address infrastructure issues & improve
response to business needs
Proactive management of IT resources to improve efficiency & control costs
of service delivery
Simplified – Responsive – Adaptive
Workload definition,
Optimization and Orchestration
Resource abstraction &
optimization
Compute Storage Network
Sim
pli
fied
ma
na
ge
me
nt
Open industry APIs
© 2009 IBM Corporation 60
IBM is Leveraging OpenStack as the Foundation for SDE
Drive Enterprise Opportunities
Deliver Optimization
Contribute Platform Support
SmartCloud Entry
SmartCloud Orchestration
Live upgrades
Security and authentication
Membership services
Globalization translation integration
QA enhancements
Support key IBM middleware
Block storage enablement
IBM server enablement
Cross platform test and assurance
Security & Authentication
IBM DB2 support
OVF Images
Quantum Nova
Compute
Network
drivers drivers
IBM Storage IBM Servers IBM Network
OpenStack Solutions
Cinder
Block storage
drivers
IBM Cloud Solutions
IBM PureSyste
ms Solutions
Technical Computing Solutions
3rd Party Solutions
OpenStack IaaS APIs
© 2009 IBM Corporation 61
Software Defined Environment Provides an Open, Flexible and Agile
Infrastructure
Workload definition, Optimization and Orchestration
Resource abstraction and optimization
Compute Storage Network
Open industry APIs
Facilities and IT Infrastructure
(Power, Cooling, Space)
Applications – Solution / API Economy
Platform – Cloud OE Non-Cloud Applications
Wo
rklo
ad
A
ware
Op
tim
izati
on
Secu
rity
, G
overn
an
ce,
an
d C
om
plian
ce
Serv
ice P
ort
als
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
…. with a Rich Set of API’s for Programmable Flexibility
© 2009 IBM Corporation 62
Ha
do
op
job
tr
ack
er
Ha
do
op
na
me
no
de
Ha
do
op
da
ta
no
de
Intel VM Power VM
Local disk SSD
Ha
do
op
job
tr
ack
er
Ha
do
op
na
me
no
de
Ha
do
op
da
ta
no
de
Intel VM Power VM
Local disk SSD
Next Feature
Prototype Sandbox Limited live Scaled-out service
20 node cluster Pure Rack 250 node cluster Server
Ha
do
op
job
tr
ack
er
VM
BRONZE SILVER GOLD PLATINUM
Intel VM
Local disk
OS network
Ha
do
op
na
me
no
de
Ha
do
op
da
ta
no
de
Ha
do
op
job
tr
ack
er
Ha
do
op
na
me
no
de
Ha
do
op
da
ta
no
de
Intel VM Intel VM
Local disk Local disk
5 node cluster
Availability cluster
Hypervisor network
10 gig network
RDMA network
How Patterns enable automation and optimization ? Example: A Hadoop Application for Transaction Fraud Detection
Varying resource requirements through the application lifecycle
© 2009 IBM Corporation 63
Automation and Optimization with Patterns of Expertise – (I)
Develop Hadoop fraud detection app
•Write application code (fraud detection logic)
• Expertise to operate Hadoop or virtual infrastructure not required
LoB Developer
© 2009 IBM Corporation 64
Pick Software Pattern for Hadoop
• Captures established best practices for running a Hadoop service
• Pick from a library or build once, use often
• Specify desired Quality of Service (QoS)
LoB Developer
Automation and Optimization with Patterns of Expertise – (II)
Hadoop Expert
Abstracts Workload “As Code”
© 2009 IBM Corporation 65
Pick Infrastructure Pattern
• Pre-defined pattern of infrastructure resources for the chosen QoS of the workload
•Defines VM, storage, network type and topology
LoB Developer
IT Expert
Automation and Optimization with Patterns of Expertise – (III)
Abstracts Infrastructure “As Code”
© 2009 IBM Corporation 66
LoB Developer
Automation and Optimization with Patterns of Expertise – (IV)
Automated orchestration & optimization
•Optimal placement of server, storage and network resources
•Non-disruptive adjustment of resources based on workload and infrastructure events
Orchestration and Optimization
© 2009 IBM Corporation 67
Embracing provider heterogeneity is vital
Data Center
Private Public
W1 W2 W3 W4
R1 R2 R3
Workloads
Resources
OLD MODEL
C
NEW MODEL
Cross Provider
Orchestration
Expert Integrated Systems
IaaS, PaaS, SaaS
Classical HW
(Bare metal / Virtualized)
© 2009 IBM Corporation 68
An example instantiation of Provider Heterogeneity
Cross Provider Composition
Hosted
Externally
Managed
Externally
(e.g. MongoHQ)
PaaS (Cloud Operating Environment)
Services
Runtimes & Frameworks
NoSQL DB
Node Tomcat Ruby PHP WebSphere
Java
IBM DBaaS
IBM Watson
Customer Workload
WebSphere eXtreme Scale
Hosted
On SoftLayer
Managed
Externally
(e.g. Cloudant)
Hosted
On SoftLayer
with Openstack /Baremetal & managed with
SmartCloud Orchestrator (SCO)
Hosted
On Pure & managed with
SCO
Hosted
On Power
& managed independently
Hosted
On-Premise
VMware
vCenter & managed with
SCO
…
© 2009 IBM Corporation 69
SERVICE CATALOG
Tooling
Cross-Provider Orchestration Configuration, provisioning, event handling, patching
Monitoring
Usage & Accounting
Backup & Restore
Event Management
Incident, Problem & Change
Patching & Compliance
Workload Scheduling
Lifecycle Management in Cross Provider Orchestration
API
Middleware Deployment Patterns and
Lifecycle Services
Patterns
Openstack
Private Clouds Public Clouds
API
© 2009 IBM Corporation 70
Introducing IBM BlueMix
IBM initiative to develop an open Cloud Operating
Environment
IBM and partner cloud services
Integrated DevOps with both Browser and Eclipse-based tools
Beta at http://bluemix.net
Services
Lifecycle Management
(JazzHub)
Application Runtime
Runtimes & Frameworks
Middleware Application Operational Mobile External Data
node java ruby Worklight WebSphere
Liberty
Web IDE (Eclipse Orion)
Eclipse IDE Application
Composition Environment
Create & Manage Services
Test/Run Test/Run
Explore Services
Explore Services
IBM BlueMix
Check In Code Check In Code
© 2009 IBM Corporation 71
Developer Centric Platform, Marketplace & Services in a
Cloud Operating Environment
OPEN ecosystem of composable services
Optimized workload deployment
Integration patterns with systems of record
Capability Value
Fast, automated composition of services
Repeatable patterns-of-expertise
TOSCA
Workload definition, Optimization, & Orchestration
Software Defined
Environment Software Defined Compute Software Defined Storage
Software Defined Networking
Resource Abstraction & Optimization
Cloud Operating
Environment data mobile development operational application
services
Traditional Workloads
Services & Composition Patterns API & Integration
Services Traditional
Workloads
security Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
cloudfoundry.org
…
© 2009 IBM Corporation 72
6
5
4 3
2
Create app
Add database service
Extract social media data into
database
Add social analytics service
Add Monitoring service instance
Agile Service Composition
Secure the service
1
ITERATE
TASK:
Create a secure application that
analyses sentiment about certain
topics in social media
© 2009 IBM Corporation 73
BEFORE
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Physical Server
Hypervisor
VM VM VM VM
Software Defined Environment
++
+
++
+
Policy Policy Policy
Policy
++
+
++
+
Policy & automation
Manual Patterns Analytics Policy
Enforcement
From Pure Consolidation to a Programmable Shared Infrastructure
AFTER
Automation
Storage Network
Compute
© 2009 IBM Corporation 74
API API
API
API API
API
API API
API
API API
API
API API
API
API API
API
SERVICES FABRIC
API API API
Social Commerce Mobile
Value-added Services
Loyalty
Promotion
Payment
API
API Enterprise
Customer Interaction
API Enterprise Patterns
API
API Enterprise
Capabilities
Enterprise Capabilities
API Enterprise
Capabilities
BANK
TELCO
RETAIL
Serv
ices
Pa
tter
n
API Service Management
Throttling
API-Catalog
Monitoring
Governance
© 2009 IBM Corporation 75
API Economy
Composition of services
Marketplace of internal & external services
Capability
Rapid application development & delivery
API-accessible applications
Multi-channel integration
Value
External
Ecosystem
Marketplace Solutions App
API
API Economy
services
API
analytics
API
commerce
API
collaboration
API
location
API
data
API API
OAuth
Software as
a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Cloud Operating
Environment
Workload definition, Optimization, & Orchestration Software Defined
Environment Software Defined Compute Software Defined Storage Software Defined
Networking
Resource Abstraction & Optimization
Traditional
Workloads
Services & Composition Patterns API & Integration
Services
data mobile dev ops application services
security …
© 2009 IBM Corporation 76
Next Generation Cloud Platform - IBM’s View
Resource abstraction and optimization
Workload definition, Optimization and Orchestration
External Ecosystem
Software Defined Compute Software Defined Storage Software Defined Network
Middleware Mobile Datastore Services Security Ops Dev’t
Traditional Workloads
Collaboration Commerce Analytics Location Data Services
API API API API
Marketplace Solutions
API API
API API
Application
Services and Composition Patterns API and Integration
Services
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
API Economy
Cloud Operating
Environment
Software Defined
Environment
© 2009 IBM Corporation 77
Next Generation Cloud Platform Architecture Built on Open
Technologies
Software as a
Service (SaaS)
Platform as a
Service (PaaS)
Infrastructure as a
Service (IaaS)
API Economy
Cloud Operating
Environment
Software Defined
Environment
OAuth
OpenShift cloudfoundry.org
TOSCA
OSLC
© 2009 IBM Corporation 79
Agenda
The Business Challenge
An Enterprise Perspective on Cloud Computing
Cloud Foundation Technologies and Cloud Platforms
References for this Course
© 2009 IBM Corporation 80
References – Downloads from Web
Michael Armbrust et al., Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing, Feb. 2009
– http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Pubs/TechRpts/2009/EECS-2009-28.pdf
Cloud Computing: Platform as a Service. InformationWeek Analytics, October 2, 2009
CSA. Top Threats to Cloud Computing V1.0 https://cloudsecurityalliance.org/topthreats/csathreats.v1.0.pdf
Cloud Use Cases White Paper Version 4, http://cloudusecases.org
DMTF: Architecture for Managing Clouds, Version 1.0.0, 2010-06-18
DMTF: Interoperable Clouds, Version 1.0.0, 2009-11-11
Luiz André Barroso and Urs Hölzle, The Datacenter as a Computer: An Introduction to the Design of Warehouse-Scale Machines, Synthesis Lectures on Computer Architecture, 2009, http://www.morganclaypool.com/doi/pdf/10.2200/S00193ED1V01Y200905CAC006?cookieSet=1
Scott Crowder, Introduction to Workload Optimized Approach & Workload Market Segmentation, IBM White Paper, December 2009
David Chappell, A short introduction to Cloud, http://www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell.pdf
David Chappell, Cloud Platforms Today: A Perspective, April 2009 http://www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatformsToday--APerspective--Chappell.pdf
Jeffrey Dean and Sanjay Ghemawat, MapReduce: Simplified Data Processing on Large Clusters,
– labs.google.com/papers/mapreduce-osdi04.pdf
DeCandia et al. Dynamo: Amazon’s highly available key-value store, SOSP 2007, http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1294281&dl=ACM&coll=ACM&CFID=47859964&CFTOKEN=98797782
European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), Cloud Computing, Benefits, risks and recommendations for information security, Nov 2009 (http://www.enisa.europa.eu)
Gregor Hohpe, Programming the Cloud, November 2009
http://www.enterpriseintegrationpatterns.com/docs/HohpeProgrammingCloudKeynote.pdf
Anna Liu, Architecting Cloud Applications – the essential checklist, AAF Keynote 2009,
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Definition of Cloud Computing, http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/SNS/cloud-computing/
National Institute of Standard and Technology, NIST Cloud Computing Reference, Special Publication 500-292
Ning Duan et al., Tenant Behavior Analysis in Software as a Service Environment, ICSOC 2009
Daniel Nurmi et al., The Eucalyptus Open-source Cloud-computing System, http://www.cca08.org/papers/Paper32-Daniel-Nurmi.pdf
Open Cloud Manifesto, http://www.opencloudmanifesto.org/
OpenNebula.org – Various papers
B. Rochwerger et al., The Reservoir Model and Architecture for Open Federated Cloud Computing, IBM Journal of Research and Development, April 2009 http://www8.cs.umu.se/~elmroth/papers/ibmjrd2009.pdf
Werner Vogels, Eventually Consistent, ACM Queue, October 2008
Kees van Gelder, Elastic Data Warehousing in the Cloud, Vrije Univ. Amsterdam
Ying Huang et al., A Framework for Building a Low Cost, Scalable and Secured Platform for Web-Delivered Business Services, IBM Systems Journal, November 2009
Michael Yuan, Java PaaS Shootout, 4/5/11, IBM developerWorks
© 2009 IBM Corporation 81
References
Company Web Sites: Amazon, Microsoft, Google, IBM, Salesforce.com
http://wiki.developerforce.com/page/Multi_Tenant_Architecture
Gregor Hohpe, Bobby Woolf, Enterprise Integration Patterns, Addison-Wesley 2004
Jez Humble and David Farley: Continuous Delivery, Addison Wesley 2010
Kristof Kloeckner, Middleware for Distributed Systems, Lecture Notes 2004
Kristof Kloeckner, The IBM Cloud Agenda, White Paper 2009
Web Site der Open Group: www.opengroup.org/cloudcomputing
George Reese: Cloud Application Architectures, O’Reilly 2009
John W. Rittinghouse, James F. Ransome, Cloud Computing. Implementation, Management and Security, CRC Press 2009
Andrew Tanenbaum, Maarten van Steen: Distributed Systems. Principles and Paradigms, Prentice-Hall 2009
Rich Schiesser: IT Systems Management, Prentice-Hall 2002
Jim Rymarczyk, Virtualization, Pre-Print 2009
Tivoli Service Automation Manager Solution Guide
Adam Wiggins, The Twelve-Factor App, 12factor.net
Bill Wilder, Cloud Architecture Patterns: Using Microsoft Azure, O’Reilly 2012
© 2009 IBM Corporation 82
Exams
Write short essay (8-10 pages) on one of the questions below, with 30 minutes exam
Questions:
Breiter: Describe the Common Cloud Management Platform Reference Architecture (CCMP RA). Give a
brief overview of the CCMP RA - what are the technical workproducts (TWPs) which the RA contains.
Briefly describe the TWPs. Highlight some examples of Cloud Services which can be managed by the
CCMP RA.
Schlatter: With Hybrid Clouds the question is no longer "To Cloud or not to Cloud", i.e., the question is no
longer only what workloads are suitable, or not suitable for the Cloud. Instead, enterprises must solve
multi-dimensional optimization problems: what should they build and host themselves, in traditional IT or in
on-premise private cloud environments, and what should they get from which of the various off-premise
IaaS, PaaS, or SaaS cloud service providers.
– Describe an imaginary example of that optimization problem:
What is the goal function, i.e., what is to be achieved? What should be maximized, what should be
minimized? Give examples of both quantitative and qualitative measures.
What are the constraints? Think of examples of non-functional requirements that may have to be
met in a given situation, and that may limit the degrees of freedom.
What are the decision variables, i.e., what are the Points-of-Variability, what needs to be decided?
Give examples of the cloud service characteristics that need to be taken into account.
Kloeckner: Discuss the importance of multi-tenancy for PaaS, and the various ways of achieving it in the
layers from Virtualization to Middleware. Particular focus on DB
Kloeckner: Relaxed consistency – discuss the various approaches described in the papers of Hohpe,
Vogels and others. Advantages, disadvantages. Discuss one implementation in detail.
.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 83
Exams – Questions continued
Kloeckner: Discuss the properties of content-centric applications with an in-depth description
of Hadoop and its applications, compare to Google
Kloeckner: In-depth description and analysis of MS Azure
Kloeckner: Discussion of warehouse scale computing, pros and cons of commodity
infrastructure - Barroso/Hoelzl
Kloeckner – Discuss the main characteristics of Cloud Security
Kloeckner – Discuss the main considerations for performance of clouds
Kloeckner – Discuss the major elements of cloud economics (including references like
‘Above the Clouds’
Breh - What are the approaches to adapt the cloud computing concepts ?
– Discuss the approaches considering cultural and organizational aspects?
– What are the potential integration points of cloud processes into an enterprise?
– Why are they important?
Noll: Storage
– What are the requirements/goals for consumers and for providers of storage services in
a cloud environment?
– What are the benefits of storage virtualization and what are the pre-requisites of using
storage virtualization?
– Describe the main functional areas needed for storage management in cloud
environments.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 84
Exams – Questions continued
Schwertle: Design a HA/DR solution for a cloud offering. State your viewpoint (CSC or CSP),
define potential workload to be run in your offering, adapt your solution accordingly. Describe
required components and technologies. Outline potential outages and how your solution
protects against such..
Behrendt: Imagine you're a lead architect, responsible for a software development team in an
enterprise. Your enterprise operates in the "traditional" way from both a software
development and IT operations perspective.
– You're asked to develop a proposal for changing that towards a cloud-based devOps
approach, in collaboration with a peer on the operations side.
– Discuss steps you would take on this journey, including the associated architecture,
rationale for the stages in your roadmap and expected benefits & challenges for both the
development and operations side. Address both technical, process and organizational
changes you would take.
© 2009 IBM Corporation 85
Thank you!
For more information, please visit:
ibm.com/cloud
Or contact me at:
© 2009 IBM Corporation 86
Viewing Middleware as Services Patterned Services
• Operational Expense Savings • Reduced complexity through
standardized patterns • Automated QoS characteristics
and middleware operations
Shared Services • Operations amortized across all
applications
• Operational Expense Savings • Reduced complexity
• Increased reuse
App A
DB A
App B
DB B
App C
DB C
App A
App B
App C
DB A DB B DB C
Database-as-a-Service
86
© 2009 IBM Corporation 87
Virtualized Middleware can be deployed in different ways
Images
• Basic execution services for
standalone VM images
• Complete control over image
contents
• Basic image
management/library functions
• Vendor provided product
images
• Ability to create custom
images
• Leverages IBM image
management tools
Topologies
• Vendor defined product
images and patterns for
common topologies
• Ability to create custom
patterns
• Traditional configuration and
administration model
• Aligned around existing
products
• Automated provisioning of
images into patterns
Workloads
• Application awareness
• Fully integrated software
stacks
• Vendor defined topologies
• Simplified interaction model
• Highly standardized and
automated
• Integrated middleware with
cloud capabilities
• Integrated lifecycle
management
© 2009 IBM Corporation 88
Understanding the Tradeoffs
TTV
Long
Short
Customization/Control
TCO
High
Low
High Low
Customer
Built
Images
Application
Resources
as a
Service
Virtual
Applications
(Workloads)
Solution
Patterns
(Topologies)
© 2009 IBM Corporation 89
Multiple pattern types to enable open ecosystem
8
9 © 2012 IBM Corporation
Virtual Application Patterns
๏ Highly automated deployments using expert patterns
๏ Business policy driven elasticity
๏ Built for the cloud environment
๏ Leverages elastic workload management services
Best TCO
cloud applications
Virtual System Patterns
๏ Automated deployment of middleware topologies
๏ Traditional administration and management model
๏ Application and infrastruture driven elasticity
Improved TCO virtualized applications
Standard TCO
existing applications
Virtual Appliances
๏ Standard software installation and configuration on OS
๏ Images created through extend/capture
๏ Traditional administration and management model
๏ Infrastructure driven elasticity
Virtual Appliance
Metadata
Software application
Operating system
Virtual Appliance
Virtual Appliance
Metadata
Application Server
Operating system
Virtual Appliance
Metadata
Application Server
Operating system
Virtual Appliance
Metadata
HTTP Server
Operating system
Virtual Application Patterns Virtual System Patterns
Virtual Appliances
Software application
© 2009 IBM Corporation 90
9
0
Virtual Application (Workload) Pattern Features
Automated Scaling Managed environments scale up and down based on
observed utilization of compute resources
Failover Failed virtual machines are replaced with new VMs
which are configured with the old VM’s identity
Load Balancing Requests coming into virtual application environments
are load balanced
Security ACL’s for application sharing and management
access, LDAP integration for application security
Monitoring All components of virtual application environments are
monitored
© 2009 IBM Corporation 92
Writing software for traditional middleware
Java EE
application
DB definition
Java
packages
Java
classes
JSPs
JSFs
HTML files
CSS files
Manifests
Descriptors
Workspace
projects
Composite
Blueprints
Images
Properties
Source Applications Middleware
Server
configs
Edit Deploy Test Debug Analyze Profile Check-in
Change request Work item
Check-out
XML files
Data files
OSGi
application
Inte
gra
tion
Q
A
Pro
du
ctio
n
WAS
DB2 DB2
WAS
WAS
Configuration
© 2009 IBM Corporation 93
Writing software for Platform as a Service
Cloud
Java
packages
Java
classes
JSPs
JSFs
HTML files
CSS files
Manifests
Descriptors
Workspace
projects
Composite
Blueprints
XML files
Data files
Source Applications Middleware
Server
config
Edit Deploy Test Debug Analyze Profile Check-in
Change request Work item
Check-out
Application Pattern
WAS
DB2
WAS
DB2
WAS
Java EE
app.
Policy
DB
OSGi
app.
Inte
gra
tion
Q
A
Pro
du
ctio
n
Cloud app
models
© 2009 IBM Corporation 94 94
Where private clouds are going
Integrated Middleware Platform & Image Management
Individual Deployment
Middleware
Application
Hardware
Today Tomorrow
Operating System
Shared Hardware
Shared Hardware & Virtualized Applications
MW
App
OS
MW
App
OS
MW
App
OS
Benefits
Increased utilization of
infrastructure
Location independent deployment
Benefits
Standardized middleware
Increased utilization of
software
Improved deployment speed
Simplified applications
management
Shared Infrastructure
Integrated Middleware Platform
App App App App
Ima
ge
Ma
na
ge
me
nt
Challenges
Low hardware
utilization
Heavily
customized
infrastructure
Challenges
Building images
Image proliferation
Governance of changes
Creation of composite applications
Connectivity to legacy and off
premises applications
Yesterday
© 2009 IBM Corporation 95
Spectrum of Commercial Cloud Platforms
Client VMs
Shared
Services
Hypervisor Hypervisor
Amazon Azure Google
Salesforce.com
Standard
VM Images
Shared
Services
Client VMs
Shared
Services
Client
Services
Degrees of Freedom
© 2009 IBM Corporation 96
Some Public Cloud Platforms
Vendor Generalized from… and
platform style
What does the platform offer
for the apps?
Google App Engine Search -- content-centric
Scalable Analytics and Storage
Amazon Web Services Shopping Cart, Spare
computation -- loosely coupled
Cheap MIPS, flexible and
simple storage, queues,
database, simple stacks
Microsoft Azure MSN and countless ISV .net
applications
VisualStudio Development for
standard and new apps
Force.com Salesforce.com multi-tenant
CRM app -- database centric
Simple Multi-tenant
transactional app building
environment
© 2009 IBM Corporation 97
Hybrid Cloud Management, Security and Integration
From the Enterprise Client’s perspective:
Seamless integration of enterprise management with workload running off-premise on clouds
– Visibility of software applications and services (monitoring, events, availability, performance)
– Control of identity, data security, governance, and compliance
– Automation of service definitions, policy based workload offloading, P2C/V2C cloud conversion, elastic scaling of CCMP, availability and disaster recovery SLAs
Security for Hybrids
– Control security and resilience of services (identity management, compliance, isolation)
Enterprise to Cloud Integration
– Secure and efficient data exchange across the enterprise and clouds
– Secure business application connectivity and governance
Application and Workload migration
– Tools to support the migration of workloads to cloud
Enterprise Resources
Public Cloud
Touchpoint
Pipe
Transformation
Private Cloud
Federated Virtual Service Domains
Business Applications & Information
Enterprise Management of Cloud software, applications, workload
Secure Pipe
Off-premise shared
services
Private shared services
© 2009 IBM Corporation 98 9
8
Hybrid Cloud Integration Scenarios
On-premise to off-premise Business Application Integration: Example:
On-premise Database to Salesforce Cloud
Sync customer records
Security: Directory Integration & Identity Federation Example
Synchronize on premise ODW LDAP and LotusLive Domino directory info and facilitate SSO
Sync on-premise identity model and directory
Hybrid Monitoring Example
Federate Monitoring info of Workload in IBM Public Cloud
Tivoli Monitoring Server
IBM Cloud
LDAP Directory
Database
Common
Cloud
Manage
mentPla
tform Public Cloud Resources (IBM Cloud)
Common
Cloud
Manageme
nt
Platform Private (On Premise
Resources)
Mgmt and
Capacity Overflow
of/to Public Cloud
Governance & Hybrid Workload Management Examples:
Governance for acquiring Resources from IBM Compute Cloud and/or Amazon; Workload
Management and capacity overflow from CCMP based private Cloud to IBM Compute Cloud
Connect off-
premise monitoring
events to on-
premise monitoring
system
DB2
Staging
DB
Cognos BI
Cognos Apps
DB2
SIB Staging
DB
ERP
Data
Replication
Query Access
Cognos and other Analytic Applications in the Cloud: Initial Load to Cloud; Change Data Capture Replication to & from Cloud; Query Access; Data
Cleansing
© 2009 IBM Corporation 99
Hybrid Cloud Management, Security & Connectivity in a Picture
On-premise business applications & information
Enterprise Infrastructure & Private Cloud
Cloud Integrator: Secure Connector, Business Application
Integration, Information Brokering, Monitoring & Management, Security
Federation
Public Cloud [SaaS, IBM Cloud, other Public Cloud]
Off-premise shared services
Off-premise business applications & information
Governance
Management
Integration
Security Private shared
services
© 2009 IBM Corporation 100 100
The next chapter for cloud computing
To fulfill its potential as the next evolution of enterprise IT, cloud computing
promises to become much more than an enabler of IT efficiencies.
It promises to become a driver of business transformation,
innovation and growth
Low cost and high speed:
Operational Dexterity
Flexibility and agility:
New business value
Simplicity and ease of use:
IT without boundaries
© 2009 IBM Corporation 101
The impact of cloud is extending deeper into the business, driving
process transformation and enabling new services…
An Evolution of
Information Technology
An Enabler of
Business
Transformation
Changing the economics of IT
Automating service delivery
Deploying new capabilities
Supporting new levels of collaboration
Speeding creation and deployment of new services
Enabling new business models
…and providing an opportunity for IT to be a
catalyst of transformation.
$
“When we started our journey
to the cloud two and a half
years ago, 95 percent of the IT
budget and headcount was
allocated to the operations
side of our business…By the
end of the year we want to get
that figure to about 30 percent,
so we can get 70 percent in the
transformational budget” -
CIO, media company
Source: Kamesh Pemmaraju’s blog,
“Leaders in the Cloud”,
http://sandhill.com/opinion/daily_bl
og.php?id=71
© 2009 IBM Corporation 103
Organizations are now moving beyond virtualization to higher value stages of cloud computing
Virtualization
underpins
Cloud
Cloud focuses
on eased service
consumption &
management
End-to-end real time monitoring and
optimization
Virtualization management
Service delivery automation
Business service catalogs & self service
Consumption based metering and dynamic capacity optimization
© 2009 IBM Corporation 104
Private & Hybrid Clouds Cloud Enablement Technologies
Managed Cloud Services Infrastructure and Platform as a Service
Cloud Business Solutions Software and Business Process as a Service
Foundation Services Solutions
Delivered through a comprehensive SmartCloud platform
built on open standards.
Commitment to open standards and a broad ecosystem
Business Process as a Service
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Design Deploy Consume
© 2009 IBM Corporation 105
Clear path from ‘try’ to development to production in both private and public clouds
IT Developers
Developer centric
environment, resources and
exchange
Trial, cloud-based
development & test
lifecycle services
Production
Partner
Portal
Private
Public
SmartCloud
SmartCloud
Development
hub
IBM Pure
Application /
System
• Video demos
• Sample code
• Expert resources
• Support forums
• Blog
• Virtual Application Patterns
• Virtual Systems Patterns
IBM Confidential
Pilot
© 2009 IBM Corporation 107
Cost savings and faster time to value are the leading reasons why
companies consider cloud
Percent rating factors as a major inducement (4 or 5)
Respondents could rate multiple drivers items
50%
72%
77%
Improve
reliability
Faster time to
value
Reduce
costs
Improve system availability
Hardware savings Software licenses savings
Lower labor and IT support costs
Lower outside maintenance costs
Relieve pressure on internal resources
Simplify updating/upgrading Speed deployment
Scale IT resources to meet needs
•
•
•
Improve system reliability
•
•
•
To what degree would each of these factors induce you to acquire public cloud services?
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=1,090
•
© 2009 IBM Corporation 108
Nearly one-third of respondents say a 20-29% cost reduction is
needed to make a compelling business case for public cloud delivery
Respondents selected one
7%
8%
18%
30%
14%
11%
7%
5%
Would consider even without savings
Less than 5% to less than 10%
10% to less than 20%
20% to less than 30%
30% to less than 40%
40% or more
Would not consider at any savings level
Don’t know
What is the minimum cost reduction you would need to acquire services through a public cloud?
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=1,090
© 2009 IBM Corporation 109
Percent rating the factor as a significant barrier (4 or 5)
Respondents could select multiple items
Concerns about data security and privacy are the primary barriers to
public cloud adoption
69%
54%
53%
52%
47%
Security/privacy of
company data
Service
quality/performance
Doubts about true
cost savings
Insufficient responsiveness
over network
Difficulty integrating
with in-house IT
What, if anything, do you perceive as actual or potential barriers to acquiring public cloud services?
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=1,090
© 2009 IBM Corporation 110
The majority of respondents
are focused on traditional
disciplines of systems
management: security,
networks, servers and
applications
Service management — essential to consistent delivery across all IT
environments — is even more critical for cloud computing
Rate how critical each of the listed service management processes/functions is to your company.
Security management 70%
Network management 68%
Server performance and management 65%
Application and database performance management
57%
Storage performance and management
49%
Availability management
47%
Incident and problem management
43%
Capacity management
36%
36% Change and configuration
management
Percent Rating As Critical (4 or 5)
Respondents could rate multiple processes as critical
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=927
© 2009 IBM Corporation 111
Few companies are far along the virtualization maturity continuum —
even though it is an essential technology for cloud
Percent Selecting
Respondents selected one
Which one of the following best describes your company’s use of virtualization technologies?
18% of companies indicate that
virtualization is a strategic
objective or transformative,
whereas one-third report that
they are not currently using
virtualization technologies at all
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=1,090
© 2009 IBM Corporation 112
Decision-makers high on private usage/consideration index are significantly
more likely to be further along the virtualization maturity continuum
Virtualization Maturity: Private Cloud Usage/Consideration Index*
KEY Low Private Cloud
Usage/Consideration
High Private Cloud
Usage/Consideration
Those low on the private
cloud usage/consideration
index* are significantly less
likely to be using any
virtualization technologies
Which one of the following best describes your company’s use of virtualization technologies?
Source: IBM Market Insights, Cloud Computing Research, July 2009. n=1,090
© 2009 IBM Corporation 113 113 113
The Cloud Opportunity (Sub-Segments)
May 2010 View
BPaaS SaaS PaaS IaaS
Source: May 2010 view based on April 2010 Cloud Ph 1 Assessment with subsequent XaaS breakdown support/adustment from IDC June 2010 Public Cloud assessment
tbd
$6
9B
$32.3B
$17.4B
$4B
$15.3B
2012 2015
$B
$20B
$40B
$80B
$100B
$60B
tbd
$29.1B
$9.9B
$19.8B
$54.6B
$120B
$11
3.4
B
$4.8B $1.0B
$6.5B
2008
$10.9B
$2
3.2
B
CAGR
31%
CAGR
25%
© 2009 IBM Corporation 114
Application Life Cycle in a Cloud
Enterprise apps
moved to the cloud
Scalable Web
Applications
(loosely coupled)
Content Centric
Applications
(parallelizable)
Data-base Centric
Apps (multi-tenant)
Model/Build Rational Tools
(RSA, BuildForge)
sMash and
AppBuilder
IBM Hadoop Pangoo Tools,
SaaS Maker
Deploy WCA /Image
Dispenser plus
RAFW
Virtuoso IBM Hadoop Pangoo
Onboarding Tool?
Run Optimized WAS
and DB2 Services
Virtuoso IBM Hadoop Pangoo
Connect (with
Enterprise)
SilverLining,
Secure Information
Broker..
SilverLining Secure Information
Broker?
Secure Information
Broker?
Manage/Secure Monitoring Service,
apps migration wb,
TFIM, isolation,
backup/recovery
Monitoring Service,
identity,
backup/recovery
Monitoring Service,
identity
Monitoring Service,
compliance,
identity,
backup/recovery,
compliance,
© 2009 IBM Corporation 115
Support of Application Types through different Platforms
Platform Enterprise apps
moved to the cloud
Scalable Web
Applications
(loosely coupled)
Content Centric
Applications
(parallelizable)
Data-base Centric
Apps (multi-tenant)
IBM Cloud Service
Platform
Sweet Spot
Images, Patterns,
Life cycle Mgmt
Virtuoso (future),
Some support
through existing
MW (WSX, WVE)
Open Hadoop, with
IBM extensions
(service asset)
Pangoo (in
deployment in
China)
Microsoft Azure .Net Azure platform
services
No Support Multi-tenancy
supported in Azure
SQL Services
Amazon Web
Services
Images supported
by partners
SQS, SimpleDB, Elastic MapReduce No support
Google AppEngine No support
Sweet Spot ? BigTable, GFS etc. No support
Force.com No support No Support No Support Sweet Spot
© 2009 IBM Corporation 116
Private & Hybrid Clouds Cloud Enablement Technologies
Managed Cloud Services Infrastructure and Platform as a Service
Cloud Business Solutions Software and Business Process as a Service
Foundation Services Solutions
Delivered through a comprehensive SmartCloud platform
built on open standards.
Commitment to open standards and a broad ecosystem
Business Process as a Service
Software as a Service
Platform as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service
Design Deploy Consume
© 2009 IBM Corporation 117
Sharing Policy
Sharing Policy in the Web Application Pattern
App
Low
Hardware
OS
WAS
App
App
Medium
Hardware
OS
WAS
App
OS
WAS
App
OS
WAS
App WAS
App
WAS
App
Hardware
OS
WAS
App
App App
App
High
© 2009 IBM Corporation 118
The data center is evolving to help accelerate business velocity,
while being more flexible and cost-effective.
Flexible Services
“Fail
In-place”
Better Business
Economics
Programming
Model Shift
Dev-Ops Model
Transformation
Consolidation with
Standardization
Consolidation
via Upgrades
Complex, Skill Intensive,
Reactive Monitoring…
Simplified, Automated,
Proactive…
Physical Systems
Accelerated
Business Velocity
Data Center
Of the Future
Consolidation
without Migration
© 2009 IBM Corporation 119
A layered and open cloud architecture is necessary
Platform Services
Infrastructure Services
Backplane Fit for purpose PODS
Business Applications as
components Service Oriented
Architecture
OSLC
© 2009 IBM Corporation 120
Next Generation Cloud Platform – IBM’s View
External
Ecosystem Analytics Commerce Collaboration Location Data Services
Marketplace Solutions App
Software Defined
Networking
Resource Abstraction
& Optimization
Software Defined
Storage
Software Defined
Compute
Workload definition, Optimization & Orchestration
Development Big Data &
Analytics Security Integration Mobile Social
Services & Composition Patterns API & Integration Services
Traditional
Workloads
API API
API API API API API API
Software
as a Service
Platform
as a Service
Infrastructure
as a Service
API
Economy
Cloud
Operating
Environment
Software
Defined
Environment