26
82 Cll.'l.. l'f OJ 'fiiMPUICIVU 011 ,_ IIICII._L .. DIUC:ae8 OJ CUI IJIOSIIMMUaJC 4D IIQIL.C81'11101 .... &ua1C: c;aY•IIoa The ••• ... •• •' .,.-ce,. .aDd 4ec•r U.• of lula•c•c• .... -.. i••••uat _. 1t a.. -.. widely atudl .. (Ctii'U lttJ,. L...__ 1110. GuU.dc lMt,. QglcOM&I ltM. a hi'\Olo wn). 'l'he ott.- of t.-pOUtiMI'O OD the ML Of U)'et.ll\e Me -- l\llfio4 119 ••r to10dlue. 'h:•t.• Utot),. V• lck (1911) 11114 JIIMt Ut1'7) IMYII .. ._ared lhe offHt. of ..., ... the IlL of eutun cqnel• •• baw lo•d t.laM. U.. IlL d.CI'Me• w1t.tl t.be 1acn88i .. t.llllpUII&III'O• .._. ... t • UUI) •« aw•tkf. e1 (1911) lYvo CIDDcl.._. t.bQ t.lle l'•co•DiD&Uoa ot eto• Ol' s.oao t• t.llo pd.suu:r ,.. ... 101' t.bo 4ilocl'eae• of NL iati?IW1t.J' 1d.t.b taao•t .. of t.bo nllillteac•• w.ldr. Ut1'7) U. l'tpORod t.u os.- t.ltllpOl'&WI'e on t.he Jll. of fltaod.t.o eqatato. lbe t.aa C880l- .a4od t.tm: t.he .-t•• wlticll •• oftect.o41l 119 --.. ia .... ONpUt.lllJ' ••cu,.,.. • N.91Mar ,..,.-.. blwnu. t.ba ML duo t.o t.he 111.ectd.c01 die«hl9o ia dl' w-- .atiUod.., cta.go ill t.llo , .. .., •• ,..of t.lle CI'J'eUU. lllidl Ut40) Ml l'tlpOI't.Otl • ..a.au.eo of U9ta at: t.bo ilanut. wbta t.buo w• .. .._ .m.a o ia t.bo ._.., .. l'&Wn of tobo cq•t..&e. lleta .a d Ut11) haw ,..,.rt. .. t.,._ ... ill X.i&'l'odiotOd a.ra ..S WJ Cl'f8t.d8

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82

Cll.'l.. l'f

-..r~~e'f OJ 'fiiMPUICIVU 011 ,_ IIICII._L .. DIUC:ae8

OJ CUI IJIOSIIMMUaJC 4D IIQIL.C81'11101 .... &ua1C: c;aY•IIoa

The t.~~~~pel'aws-o ••• ... •• •' .,.-ce,. iat.•nt.~

.aDd 4ec•r U.• of lula•c•c• .... -.. i••••uat _. 1t a.. -.. widely atudl .. (Ctii'U lttJ,. L...__ 1110.

GuU.dc lMt,. QglcOM&I ltM. a hi'\Olo wn). 'l'he ott.­

of t.-pOUtiMI'O OD the ML Of U)'et.ll\e Me -- l\llfio4 119

••r to10dlue. 'h:•t.• Utot),. V• lck (1911) 11114 JIIMt

Ut1'7) IMYII .. ._ared lhe offHt. of • ..., ... -..~:• • the IlL

of eutun cqnel• •• baw lo•d t.laM. U.. IlL iDUMU~

d.CI'Me• w1t.tl t.be 1acn88i .. t.llllpUII&III'O• .._. ... t •

UUI) •« aw•tkf. • e1 (1911) lYvo CIDDcl.._. t.bQ t.lle

l'•co•DiD&Uoa ot eto• Ol' s.oao t• t.llo pd.suu:r ,.. ... 101'

t.bo 4ilocl'eae• of NL iati?IW1t.J' 1d.t.b taao•t .. t.-.u•w~ro

of t.bo nllillteac•• w.ldr. Ut1'7) U. l'tpORod t.u os.- •

t.ltllpOl'&WI'e on t.he Jll. of fltaod.t.o eqatato. lbe t.aa C880l­

.a4od t.tm: t.he .-t•• wlticll •• oftect.o41l 119 • --.. ia

t.~~~~p••w•• .... ONpUt.lllJ' ••cu,., .. • N.91Mar ,..,.-..

u~r•• blwnu. t.ba ML duo t.o t.he 111.ectd.c01 die«hl9o ia

dl' w-- .atiUod.., • cta.go ill t.llo , .. .., •• ,..of t.lle

CI'J'eUU. lllidl Ut40) Ml l'tlpOI't.Otl • ..a.au.eo of U9ta

at: t.bo ilanut. wbta t.buo w• .. .._ .m.a o ia t.bo ._.., ..

l'&Wn of tobo cq•t..&e. lleta .a d Ut11) haw ,..,.rt. .. t.,._ ~· ... ill X.i&'l'odiotOd lt8~:,. a.ra ..S WJ Cl'f8t.d8

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83

1acn ...... ~ .. & ....... " h Wd ...... &0 .. ao-r:. cw ... • at u•n> ....,. 11 •• UN& u. ... u~••'r •• X.lu.ae& .. aa ... aQ, IIIQ., _. wr ...,.~. laue ....

._.,.,.... u.. JU. ut••-"r •• x..ane.~&e&..s a1 ur•.t• ....

....... with t.he ~ ........ 1'. ,, ... ,.., ............... ..

wu fcoa II q 100°C) • I!-~ ...... la U. IC. lat-l&F Of

ceart.ela acvu&c •• 1DJI'I•• CQ•.t•• .._ 11-. law.U.

;~a ted lilt llqu • a1 ( 111'0) 1 I'NliUcll •• .... f.- (1111)

... by 1).. UCl Ciladl'• ( lt'M) •

we ... .,. .._ 1Dt81'ute4 1a aw~ U. ••.- ot

VU'iolll pv--.el'l OD tbe iDt.-11\J tad t.lM t.i .. ··-·-­

Of ta.. tM u .. d ........ illput Wloat.r ••• .. ••• ...s cu::r•t~tl. •1•• •••dace of tbo JU. of orr•tal• ._,. lllooa

l'llpOI'\M .1a Cbtptu 111. lll tbo pl' ... t. .... ~ ... , t.M off ..

of c....,ex-atal'• oa the MI. of c•t.aoepatlld.c _... ..._ •• ,..,.

arr r lltd.c CI'Ptale ia l!'tpOI't.... t'IM BIQ, lie81'• •at, WQ,

Lll'. t•l't•dc ••• ••••• •• «'bfl ••••• erpt.ale

u• choeen fol' uae pn"'"' 1a,.t..t.e-..a.oa. l'be .S.kaU.

Wide urneJ.a •• ceat.roera-at.a.c. bowftlll'• t.MI ••-•

C.CJat.ala chosen <or• Acm-c::&t.I'Ot)'allltdCe

t'IM cqet.ille vue • ._._ .. _. .. ..,_ ..... ,_.d­

DM la c..a.pt.ul11. 'tho 41 ... .w.. of Uo ccr~~&•U .,....

a11111• t1o u.. l'tpel't. .. 1a QU~pt.• nl. a. iaat.na•t

.... IIIII' tu det....a.a.u• of •• iat.••'-'r •• t.he u.o

••• .. •• of ML • 418•.- , ............. t.be .... •

~haC. l'tpel't. .. ira C.:INpt.w: 111. 1'1:...,_.., l•Cit.o ••

-~· pla• we&'O .............. a .. biae the CI'JOUla

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84 • lowv ..ca Neaa. &-.•c•-.• c .. ..-t..ar. Lila&• pl no •• DOt ••• ltL aa •r ,...,._ ol .. ,.,..u. •• tiM wan• pla• • .. , aa.w IGt ••c• ,.._c k.-.n. hi' &M ••••1'--U ol lllo n •••• , , ...........

, ... err-'-'•• VOI'O lc.._c .. 119•UiftllJ llr *•II .. a loed of lao 1• I&'OO • a. .. ._..II& of 10 •• :&& ie .a. .. la Clwlp&u JU. c.bat til• Cl'fat.~• el a w£,.. dao •~aa

• ••t.uau.a •aluo fOI' t.laia IMf.ell& of cnohl... IIMI Ill.

latenour •• IIIDftit.ol' .. 111r • »11 pbo•a ltipU• aiM

CIDDaea&Od to a .!lptiOUe IUD "c:Uloactpo ,_nilll Cd P7

plloapllol'oac:et. au... 'DM 'dftOI'illl ............ ,.

of 111• "'• •• S., vue cud .. •t. 111r e.llowiDt tbo _.,...

deac:dbodl J.a Ch .... 111. ...~ .... t.liWI ..... urn~ •• hotllol' oou •• "'""' r.ota4 • c:ulllllc crUIIIIoc • .._

droalll.f abeat;a of ubeotoa •c• pl~ llltlt..-a-- .....

plattDD •• _.... CJ'liUdN a.uw. N• ••t .. t.ho

uc:.uve huttq of tM WOOd• pUt.tDra. '1'blt pllot.o­

.W.t.ipUec .-. phc114 Wow d\e phUan oDlr dud.ral t.M

...._ .... ,.. The t.-.catvre l'eto oWtli .. wu boll

1'008 t...,ei'~U tel 100i0c. By Chflliiq tJae 'ftlltCi(JO• tM

cqat.a.l• CCN14 a. beet .. t.o •r 4uln4 t-.wcaco. '11M

IlL ....... -. .. ,.. CUd .... , ,.... u.. ··- .... aUA.a .. • atMilJ' etate ,...,......... 'l'bo t.OipOI'IIt.uro of

t.bo cqat.ela •• ..... ud .., • CllfP'I'-CIDIUI'•'• t.h.,.._

couplo. 'ID &veld Ule btaU .. of tl'ltl p~.UtJ.pU.u tuM,

• t.tu.dl •'*" olt.oet td.tb a N~to at "·• c•uo vu pltac.a

.... .,... the 1ucna oc q ....... pla• •• pbo'-oPlllUpUu

a.o.oiJal• fovl' Cl'P"W VOJ:O ., ...... - OOc:la , ... era\lre.

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)

8S

·-· ..... lltiii:O t-1 ..... &MUM ........ of ..

lat•aitr ot ••"' urat.ela lu dl•••• •-.•w-.w•• no poa oon•poadlDI .. Ulo .., lat..a&r .,. •• ~.._

wen dec~ .. •• wUb laao•t .. •-.•-.w• of t.M

c~et.~e. flt.t•2 ..... &lui& IIC t.M daiat po~taa

o 1 ""• t:bo p1o& of 1011 ........ t.iao (t.) &e • et.l'lilll*

liDo v.t.t.b • poe1U.ve llopo ... •u.&dVUlo elat .. o

w1t.h Ullf•~et.uce h l»uad la t.ho llopo of 1011 ,., ...

' curve. ro~ ~ ucapag portJ.oa of ""• \\1\o plot of

lotl ,.~-· ' u • at.~41itlllt u .•• .,, ............ ,. •1 .. .

tnt.t•·2). !be .-lue of t.bo elope of t.hU etrlllthl

liDo .i• dUioJ.'•t fm• t.h-' olttelatld la t..ho r:t.•lat

poct.1GD of IlL M4 n ie at•o aot. .,. .... Clld8lderaliiiJ

with the iftereeuao u.p••'*~"• of the c~llle.

SlWilllll&' l'ORlt.e W.l'O .:I.N ,._ ..... aalirt .. Cl •• d WI

CJ:fet.ale.

Jigun t-J • ....,. tM ,..,.nhro dtp•d•ce Gf

iat.ona.ltr Ita con_,..tllat to dleltl. ..... -.tae cuve.

t.oul uat.•at.r 1., of ML. _. t.bO t.U.o 'a •.rrtt;tad& ..

to t.ho IlL vuwa t.Jao cuve for ••· hlt!r. llai'. 14Cl.

•• LU ayetela. a.. ftrat.al• ....... .,...-a•• t.ut. ae. aaa pl•oel.cc.d.c (DIDIIOJ _. Clll4I&Jt lt13). 1M

I'lL of II&Q, lldl'o ..... ld.Clt ... Ll, Gqet.ta .......

101. u. no. 111. •• 1n°c .. ..,ect~.ftlr. 'lbe ,..,.,_

...... "• - wlalcb ............. , .... 1•• ........... t.o t.be llillt.iag P.oiat. et t.tllo CII'J8t.llh. be .e!UIII po.lat.a of lfllQ ....... ~Clo IDd Ll, eqat.tata •• 101. 'M1o MI.

toJ .. ...-c .. ..,ecu'Nlr.

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86·

ftg~~l'e ._. Ul•t.c•• .... , t.MI &_,ec .. ce "•"

n which the MI. ..... , .... apt...-&c ........ t.M

••c•et aeithllo•c tin.eace 41• of \he &.8 ... dallal t.lae

ccretale. 7:0 ......... .&t.la iaccMeiJII vel•• of • 1• De

ML ecuw&t.r ~eo deu• .. • tlllt.h uc.-... iat ftl•o of da• The Valli .. of ....... , DeltldiiMic diet.-.co 4a •c• '*• fna the Ut.ec•tuco Ullf.t.b ... ce&a 1171). 7:ho .,.,_.,.

COI'UhUOD .bot...-a 7:0

•d 41

iDdlPt. .. t.h .. t.bo ........__

of the MI. •eit•doa etlodd • t.he ... ill ~l t.he .._

1.-c..U.Sed lllkeli hal14o cqat.~a. lt. •• iDdl«'• t.lul&

tho ceyeUle U.Jr.e JtCJ.. Jtac. ltl ••• whDH 4 1 vlllu• ••

hit~• •.Y IN aectumolualaucet. • low ,.., ... -. .....

r&guco ·-· ..... t.ba-. t.ho , ....... ..,.aclill, ,. t.bo JilL iat.euu~r vee•• ,, .. cucvo of t.art.uic Ml1d

ccret.f!U., deer: ..... •• ah1 fta ,.,.... .. ellallu 'lao vlll••

w.t.t.b iacc ... iD9 t.~~~pe~:atui'O of tho cqet.~a. ft9. •·•

••- t.be plot. of 1011 ,...... t. .... t.a~Odc lldd cqat.ill.a.

lt. !a aoen that. the alopo o I loti .,.... ... t. CUI'ft• llotob he

t.be nuav •4 .. c•Yiftt pocUora of ML v1t.b u .. 1Du .....

vit.b iiiCl' ... iat t.-,uatuc:e of t.he CJ:pU&a. ftt d-1

••• t.be etlect. of t.~~~p•c:•t..a•• oa t.bo tot.lll iat.•ut.r .t

MI.., pHk of u.e I4L J.at.••J.t.r vu•• tiM •rve• •• • tolae

u .. •ne~poadiat t.o t.ho pMk of t.he I4L J.at.ea.s.t.r ,.. ••

t:iao CllnM of t:anuic ac:icl., .c•..a.• il'ld ethyl at.Oill:at.t

ccyat.llla. 1'boao ccrat.illa uo pla•lllect.dc. I'll• •·' -+.Jw)::

.-.... t.tae ML J.auaanr , ... t.o ..... aeu t.he •~&lal ,(\

polat. of ccr•'lll•· 1be aelt.lll4t poiat.a of t.oct.uic acld.,

ec••• •• abfl at.euato cqat.lll.a •• 111.1. a2.1

•• M • .,.c c01poet.1Wilr.

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,.., V"'• , __

••• J

(:I

-· . --., .. ,_ ...

-~1 .-,: ~-

7':'0,--------------.....,

(>0 O•-

, ..

~~~~ fl-

"\\, ,., :'

?<:, "~--... '•· '

j ~} ,' •

>:,'

I I

i ' ' I

' l

(\ \ '

\ \ \

\

0 -~ 0-6 O-S r P··~·:. ! rns)

lO 12

'L:~r~~ <>·v"t'•af'!tno c.•i ."''L ;r.to;.to.-,..lty ot har CtJ:".::.t-c'..).B .

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> >-· iii z w ... 3:

2

02 04 06 08 1{)

TIME(ms)

not of log I versus t, for !''"F. crystals <It

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L t I '

0 's;.... '

r ' j

1Z .. ,_,010' m ··-~ .,

0 : ~~ . . ' ""·-,,!! ' 4 1

lfoCl

0·6

E ..... 0·4

H r l ___ !rn __ ~---~--~---~~-;--t !_ ________ l!

~. ..J., ".' o. ':)b ,. ·~l

~ 40·2

-

1',0 100 !20 !40

r tc l

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. ' '.

C'

i I i ~-

______ ... ''" - - - ..,. --- ...

,..., . ,-

.,... I

1

Na.ar

\

T

\

- .... _--_- .... - .... - -:-t----

i

__\

\ -ho

'

~0~ I I

I I

i I I

-i0-6

I l I

10.4

\ :

___ , _______ ,L_ ___ .

_________ _L--·---:~:-::-:-----~------~: .· ---- ,':, ~· 50 I') <. •. •'

·.- '.-,;;. r~ ' ' ~· '

'I!. i:_ '• ,·

,... .,.., E ...... e ~

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i

l

\ ~-0 ~-· • !

·-~. ;

.! ..

--~·--. ,• ("!. , ........

j,...,;\ , ...... "" \ i

'r i '1\j ,:-\ l

~\\\' ' ____ .1 •• !1 ..... '""--·=·-... ~----"'""' _,.... __ _

!50

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\ •\

0 iOO !50

~C>

Fi9o~o4-3do !'e~iperature dti!pandence of lm• .IT cd t 10 Of·

LiCl crystals.

1.2

I.Q

o.s

Q.(,

0.4

o.~

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1i I I)

05

Ir UP

t i tm I X ---- t- -..;:----·- --.:X-----1----

t

50

T~t;.-'"'"'tu.r• d~t!llotlilce of lm• l'l'

LlF cr:yst<Ue.

150

oPclt of ..

08

06 -

0.4

0.2

190

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1' --- ---------

! Ll t

., ' ' ;

! ' ' ' . /·-,

': (" 'l~

I '

i; ,-,:

i

: St) ;-·-

7)i I I

~

-- ~-----. -------------

_ Li Cl ''a...._

'""'·

l

~

- ML EFFICIENCY

'·-~ ', N•Cl

' ' ' ' ' '2\

' ' ' ' ' ' '

NaBr

lS

)0

2 5

20

+s I

110

I

i" l -----:i'.fs -·----- --·-ts-o----------_,.2L.r_,.s ______ --,o-o->---.J

d 1 (A• )

ucp tno&'1.Ce ();. 'l'c and !-',:U oC{ficiolnCf of alkali hal.icJ~

c.ty::.t.als on t~ir nEtdrest neighb.Jur distdllce d 1•

"' !:: ;r.: ::?

"' (tc

< >->-

"' 'Z w >-z _, ::il

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'

r , p ''I·

! I

3 J nL

' 1 R r_·,;

I I

.., ,... f t ..... ~··

i '

'.L"!u:e dtpenO.o-lC& of t-~L int.cnsity of tartaric acid

cci~t:.,ll.S ot. d.ifttt tnt t.:atrperaturu.

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102

• ' 4 -

2

101 -,

s IJ\ !::: 6 ' z ::> .,;

"' 4 <I[

>-,._

"' z

"" ,._ z ·-' li:'

4

2

29'c ;'fr -b .. ,

' ' 0, ' '

12o'c \ 0.

_,le:- .. '- I I

' '

"" \ \

' ' ~ \

\ \

• I I I

' I I I \ • \

I I

0-2 0.4 1.0

~lQt of logl versus t,. for t•ct•ric •cid cry•tale at.

di tf etent t~.il"pe,·atur ...

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lt·O;------

TARTARIC ACID

r it'll T . z.o --- --.!..1------·--+----- *

50

' .. ~-A: ,.J.. -- ..... - ........ 1

~~ -,

T(Cl

~,

150

:n~ .. 4-7a. TGOl;e,~;aturoe depmdene• of lm• Ir and ~m oi t...rt.aric

Aclcl cqst~a.

o.s

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