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The Gazette Archives THIS STORY HAS BEEN FORMATTED FOR EASY PRINTING The article you requested is displayed below. Wake up! Author(s): Dorothy de Souza Guedes correspondent Date: March 18, 2012 Section: Dorothy de Souza Guedes, correspondent American adults aren't getting enough sleep and it's affecting their work. The National Sleep Foundation has been surveying teens and adults about sleep health and behaviors for more than 20 years. Its 2011 Sleep in American poll found that about twothirds of Americans didn't get enough sleep throughout the week, and that nearly three quarters of working Americans admitted that sleepiness had an influence on their work. The poll noted that adults reported needing about seven and a half hours of sleep to feel rested yet most averaged less than that. Dr. Mark Eric Dyken, the director of University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Sleep Disorders Center and a professor of neurology, said that the amount of sleep necessary varies per person. "Most adult human beings need 7 to 9 hours of sleep," Dyken said. Yet "long sleepers" can require up to 10 hours of sleep every night, and it can be hard for them to hold down a job, Dyken said. "Short sleepers," on the other hand, are a rarity. "They don't come in to see us (at the Sleep Disorder Center) because they don't have any complaints," he noted. There are some 100 different classifications of sleep disorders, including sleep apnea, insomnia and narcolepsy. A person with sleep apnea experiences repeated stops and starts in breathing of at least 10 seconds and up to a minute. "The sleep is continually fragmented," said Tim Rockafellow, technical director at ENT Medical Services Sleep Center in Iowa City. He has been working in the field of sleep medicine for nearly 20 years.

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The Gazette Archives

THIS STORY HAS BEEN FORMATTED FOR EASY PRINTING

The article you requested is displayed below.

Wake up!

Author(s): Dorothy de Souza Guedes correspondent   Date: March18, 2012 Section:

Dorothy de Souza Guedes, correspondent American adults aren'tgetting enough sleep ­­ and it's affecting their work.

The National Sleep Foundation has been surveying teens and adultsabout sleep health and behaviors for more than 20 years. Its 2011Sleep in American poll found that about two­thirds of Americansdidn't get enough sleep throughout the week, and that nearly three­quarters of working Americans admitted that sleepiness had aninfluence on their work.

The poll noted that adults reported needing about seven and a halfhours of sleep to feel rested ­­ yet most averaged less than that.

Dr. Mark Eric Dyken, the director of University of Iowa Hospitals andClinics Sleep Disorders Center and a professor of neurology, said thatthe amount of sleep necessary varies per person.

"Most adult human beings need 7 to 9 hours of sleep," Dyken said.

Yet "long sleepers" can require up to 10 hours of sleep every night,and it can be hard for them to hold down a job, Dyken said. "Shortsleepers," on the other hand, are a rarity.

"They don't come in to see us (at the Sleep Disorder Center) becausethey don't have any complaints," he noted.

There are some 100 different classifications of sleep disorders,including sleep apnea, insomnia and narcolepsy.

A person with sleep apnea experiences repeated stops and starts inbreathing of at least 10 seconds and up to a minute.

"The sleep is continually fragmented," said Tim Rockafellow,technical director at ENT Medical Services Sleep Center in Iowa City.

He has been working in the field of sleep medicine for nearly 20years.

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ENT's physician, Dr. Akshay Mahadevia, conducts about 1,000overnight sleep studies annually and also sees patients in an outpatientclinic three days per week. A person with any symptoms of sleepdisorder should see their primary care physician and ask for a referralto a sleep specialist.

"Typically a sleep partner has complained about symptoms,"Rockafellow said.

That sleep partner might notice loud snoring or pauses in breathingwhile sleeping or making loud gasping noises, all possible symptomsof sleep apnea. The most common treatment for sleep apnea is adevice worn during sleep called a continuous positive airway pressurethat forces the airway to stay open.

Many patients report an almost immediate improvement in sleep.

"It's a treatment, not a cure. It's a lifetime thing," Rockafellow said.

Untreated, sleep apnea can lead to even more serious healthconsequences. For example, Dyken studies the link between sleepapnea and stroke.

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But there are many other side effects of not getting enough sleep.When a person is sleep deprived, he or she can experience symptomsthat include impaired judgment, shortness of temper and an increasein motor vehicle accidents, Rockafellow said.

Of those polled for the 2011 Sleep in America report, many reporteddriving drowsy at least once during the previous month ­­ from 50percent of 19­ to 29­year­olds to 28 percent of 46­ to 64­year­olds.Sleepiness while driving is more of a danger than driving impairedbecause a person who is impaired by drugs or alcohol can at leastattempt to take evasive action, Rockafellow said.

"If you fall asleep, that's it," Rockafellow said.

Studies show that people who are sleep deprived are more prone tomaking mistakes.

"This is primarily true of shift workers. We're not nocturnal people,"Rockafellow said.

In addition to how much sleep a person needs, when they need it isalso a factor. Most people also fall somewhere on the scale ofmorningness or eveningness ­­ that is, morning larks or night owls,Dyken said.

An extreme morning lark is not likely to handle shift work ­­ workingbetween the hours of 6 p.m. and 6 a.m. ­­ as well as a night owl. On

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the other hand, a night owl might not be able to handle a shift thatbegins at 6 a.m. as well as a morning lark.

Although anyone can be at risk for sleep issues, shift workers areoften more at risk. There is even a name for it ­­ shift work sleepdisorder.

The National Sleep Foundation noted that the most commoncomplaint for shift worker sleep disorder is excessive sleepiness.Other symptoms include insomnia, reduced performance, difficultieswith personal relationships and irritability or depressed mood.

An increased risk for cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases alsois possible.

Human beings are made to sleep in the dark and our biological clocksets itself by bright light ­­ the sun, Dyken said. Working with othersand taking walks during breaks can help shift workers stay awake onthe job.

Employees who regularly experience sleepiness at work might beencouraged to keep a diary, Dyken said. And prescribed bright­lighttherapy properly timed during the sleepy periods can help workersadjust to a new awake cycle.

There are online morningness­eveningness questionnaires that askabout preferred awake and sleeping times, best times during the dayfor activity and more. Employers who hire for a variety of shifts mightinclude a simple questionnaire during a job application process tobetter determine which people are best suited for shift work.

A questionnaire for current workers coupled with sleep hygienewellness information might help employees adapt better sleep habits.

For good sleep hygiene, it's important to keep the same bedtime andawake time throughout the week so that the body isn't constantlytrying to adapt its sleep cycle.

"Don't switch on weekends to a daytime shift," Dyken said.

Technical problems: If you have a technical problem with youraccount please e­mail [email protected].

Copyright, 2012, Gazette Communications, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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