Climatic Data for Building Design Standards - …2009 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 14, “Cli-matic Design Information” and from other data developed spe-cifically for

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013

Climatic Data for Building Design

Standards

See Appendix D for approval dates by the ASHRAE Standards Committee, the ASHRAE Board of Directors, and the AmericanNational Standards Institute.

This standard is under continuous maintenance by a Standing Standard Project Committee (SSPC) for which the Standards Com-mittee has established a documented program for regular publication of addenda or revisions, including procedures for timely,documented, consensus action on requests for change to any part of the standard. The change submittal form, instructions, anddeadlines may be obtained in electronic form from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or in paper form from the Managerof Standards. The latest edition of an ASHRAE Standard may be purchased from the ASHRAE Web site (www.ashrae.org) or fromASHRAE Customer Service, 1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [email protected]. Fax: 678-539-2129.Telephone: 404-636-8400 (worldwide), or toll free 1-800-527-4723 (for orders in US and Canada). For reprint permission, go towww.ashrae.org/permissions.

© 2013 ASHRAE ISSN 1041-2336

Includes Web-based access to climatic data, design conditions, figures, and tables.(Requires Adobe Acrobat and Microsoft Excel)

SPECIAL NOTEThis American National Standard (ANS) is a national voluntary consensus standard developed under the auspices of ASHRAE.

Consensus is defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), of which ASHRAE is a member and which has approved thisstandard as an ANS, as “substantial agreement reached by directly and materially affected interest categories. This signifies the concurrenceof more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that aneffort be made toward their resolution.” Compliance with this standard is voluntary until and unless a legal jurisdiction makes compliancemandatory through legislation.

ASHRAE obtains consensus through participation of its national and international members, associated societies, and public review.ASHRAE Standards are prepared by a Project Committee appointed specifically for the purpose of writing the Standard. The Project

Committee Chair and Vice-Chair must be members of ASHRAE; while other committee members may or may not be ASHRAE members, allmust be technically qualified in the subject area of the Standard. Every effort is made to balance the concerned interests on all ProjectCommittees.

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ASHRAE Standing Standard Project Committee 169Cognizant TC: TC 4.2, Climate Information

SPLS Liaison: Rita M. Harrold

Drury B. Crawley, Chair* Evyatar Erell Robert J. MorrisDon B. Shirey, III, Vice-Chair Phillip L. Jarrett* Didier J. Thevenard*Steve M. Cornick* Jack N. Lott* Iain S. Walker

*Denotes members of voting status when the document was approved for publication

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2013–2014

William F. Walter, Chair David R. Conover Malcolm D. KnightRichard L. Hall, Vice-Chair John F. Dunlap Rick A. LarsonKarim Amrane James W. Earley, Jr. Mark P. ModeraJoseph R. Anderson Steven J. Emmerich Cyrus H. NasseriJames Dale Aswegan Julie M. Ferguson Janice C. PetersonCharles S. Barnaby Krishnan Gowri Heather L. PlattSteven F. Bruning Cecily M. Grzywacz Douglas T. ReindlJohn A. Clark Rita M. Harrold Julia A. Keen, BOD ExOWaller S. Clements Adam W. Hinge Thomas E. Werkema, Jr., CO

Debra H. Kennoy

Stephanie C. Reiniche, Manager of Standards

© ASHRAE (www.ashrae.org). For personal use only. Additional reproduction, distribution, or transmission in either print or digital form is not permitted without ASHRAE's prior written permission.

CONTENTS

ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013,Climatic Data for Building Design Standards

SECTION PAGE

Foreword .....................................................................................................................................................................2

1 Purpose.............................................................................................................................................................2

2 Scope ................................................................................................................................................................2

3 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms.........................................................................................................2

4 Climatic Design Data and Climate Zones .........................................................................................................3

5 U.S. Climate Zones by County..........................................................................................................................3

6 International Climate Zone Maps ......................................................................................................................3

Normative Appendix A: Climatic Design Data and Climate Zones..........................................................................4

Normative Appendix B: Climate Zones For U.S. States and Counties..................................................................69

Informative Appendix C: Climate Zone Maps........................................................................................................84

Informative Appendix D: Addenda Description Information...................................................................................98

NOTE

Approved addenda, errata, or interpretations for this standard can be downloaded free of charge from the ASHRAEWeb site at www.ashrae.org/technology.

© 2013 ASHRAE1791 Tullie Circle NE · Atlanta, GA 30329 · www.ashrae.org · All rights reserved.

ASHRAE is a registered trademark of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.ANSI is a registered trademark of the American National Standards Institute.


2 ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013

(This foreword is not part of this standard. It is merelyinformative and does not contain requirements necessaryfor conformance to the standard. It has not been pro-cessed according to the ANSI requirements for a standardand may contain material that has not been subject topublic review or a consensus process. Unresolved objec-tors on informative material are not offered the right toappeal at ASHRAE or ANSI.)

FOREWORD

This standard was created to provide a comprehensivesource of climate data for those involved in building design.The standard includes a variety of climatic information usedprimarily in the design, planning, and sizing of building energysystems and equipment. ASHRAE anticipates that the informa-tion within will represent a valuable resource for referencing inbuilding design standards.

The contents of this standard have been compiled from the2009 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 14, “Cli-matic Design Information” and from other data developed spe-cifically for this standard in ASHRAE RP-1453, “Updating theASHRAE Climatic Data for Design and Standards.” The newdata include extensive monthly design conditions.

The data and tables have been completely revised andupdated from Standard 169-2006. An additional ClimateZone 0 with humid (0A) and dry (0B) zones has been added,and the standard now includes data for 5564 locationsthroughout the world.

This standard is accompanied by supporting files that canbe located online at www.ashrae.org/169_2013data. These filesinclude design condition tables for the 5564 locations as wellas electronic tables and climate zone maps.

1. PURPOSE

This standard provides recognized climatic data for usein building design and related equipment standards.

2. SCOPE

2.1 This standard covers climatic data used in ASHRAEstandards, including dry-bulb, dew-point, and wet-bulb tem-peratures, enthalpy, humidity ratio, wind conditions, solarirradiation, latitude, longitude, and elevation for locationsworldwide.

2.2 This standard also includes statistical data, such as meantemperatures, average temperatures, mean/median annualextremes, daily ranges, heating and cooling degree-days anddegree hours, hours and seasonal percentages within rangesof temperatures, as well as bins.

3. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS,AND ACRONYMS

3.1 Definitions

degree-day: the difference in temperature between the out-door mean temperature over a 24-hour period and a givenbase temperature. For the purposes of determining buildingenvelope requirements, the classifications are defined as fol-lows:

cooling degree-day base 50°F, CDD50 (10°C, CDD10):for any one day, when the mean temperature is more than50°F (10°C), there are as many degree-days as degreesFahrenheit or Celsius temperature difference between themean temperature for the day and 50°F (10°C) (meantemperature minus 50°F [10°C]). Annual cooling degree-days (CDDs) are the sum of the degree-days over a calen-dar year.

heating degree-day base 65°F, HDD65 (18°C, HDD18):for any one day, when the mean temperature is less than65°F (18°C), there are as many degree-days as degreesFahrenheit or Celsius temperature difference betweenand 65°F (18°C) and the mean temperature for the day(65°F [18°C] minus the mean temperature). Annual heat-ing degree-days (HDDs) are the sum of the degree-daysover a calendar year.

3.2 Abbreviations and Acronyms

CDDn = cooling degree-days base n°F, °F·day(n°C, °C·day)

CDHn = cooling degree-hours base n°F, °F·h(n°C, °C·h)

CZ = climate zone

DB = dry-bulb temperature, °F (°C)

DP = dew-point temperature, °F (°C)

Ebn,noon = clear-sky beam normal irradiance at solarnoon, Btu/h/ft2 (W/m2)

Edh,noon = clear-sky diffuse horizontal irradiance at solarnoon, Btu/h/ft2 (W/m2)

Elev = elevation above sea level, ft (m)

Enth = enthalpy, Btu/lb (kJ/kg)

HDD = heating degree-days base n°F, °F·day(n°C, °C·day)

Hours 8/4 = number of hours between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.12.8/20.6 with DB between 55°F and 69°F (12.8°C and

20.6°C)

HR = Humidity ratio, grains of moisture per poundof dry air (grams of moisture per kg of dry air)

Lat = latitude, °N/S

Long = longitude, °E/W

MCDB = mean coincident dry-bulb temperature,°F (°C)

MCDBR = mean coincident dry-bulb temperature range,°F (°C)

MCWB = mean coincident wet-bulb temperature,°F (°C)

MCWBR = mean coincident wet-bulb temperature range,°F (°C)

MCWS = mean coincident wind speed, mph (m/s)

MDBR = mean dry-bulb temperature range, °F (°C)

NA = not available


ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 169-2013 3

PCWD = prevailing coincident wind direction, degrees,0 = north, 90 = east

Period = years used to calculate the design conditions

Precip = liquid precipitation, in. (mm)

Sd = standard deviation of daily averagetemperature, °F (°C)

StdP = standard pressure at station elevation,psi (kPa)

taub = clear sky optical depth for beam irradiance

taud = clear sky optical depth for diffuse irradiance

Tavg = average temperature, °F (°C)

Time Zone = hours ahead or behind UTC, and time-zonecode

UTC = Universal Time Coordinate, 0, equal to timezone 0 (same as Greenwich Mean Time([GMT])

WB = wet-bulb temperature, °F (°C)

WBAN = Weather Bureau Army Navy number

WMO# = World Meteorological Organization stationidentifier

WS = wind speed, mph (m/s)

4. CLIMATIC DESIGN DATA AND CLIMATE ZONES

Normative Appendix A comprises data for 5564 U.S.,Canadian, and international locations. This information gener-ally represents annual and monthly percentiles of occurrence

of temperature, various measures of humidity, and wind speedfor use in the design of building energy and ventilation sys-tems. These data also include HDD and CDD annual averagevalues and the number of hours between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m.when the dry-bulb temperature is between 55°F and 69°F(13°C and 21°C). A sample of this climatic data is provided inTable A-1 for Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Design conditions forall 5564 locations are located online at the following location:

www.ashrae.org/169_2013data

Table A-4 in Normative Appendix A lists climate zonesand other key climatic data for U.S., Canadian, and interna-tional locations and includes links to the design conditions.

5. U.S. CLIMATE ZONES BY COUNTY

Normative Appendix B contains the climate zones forall U.S. counties. The information is presented in the formof a map (Figure B-1) and Table B-1 for the U.S. Table A-3provides criteria for determining the climate zones of inter-national locations for which general climate summary infor-mation is available.

6. INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE ZONE MAPS

Informative Appendix C provides climate zone maps formajor countries and continents. The maps are one degree lati-tude by one degree longitude resolution. For this reason, thedata and climate zones for specific locations outside the U. S.presented in Normative Appendix A shall be used. Thesemaps are provided to show general locations of the climatezones.



(This is a normative appendix and is part of this stan-dard.)

NORMATIVE APPENDIX ACLIMATIC DESIGN DATA AND CLIMATE ZONES

This section describes the data contained in NormativeAppendix A, which are included online at www.ashrae.org/169_2013data.

A1. CLIMATIC DESIGN CONDITIONS

The annual and monthly climatic design conditions forAtlanta, Georgia, USA, are shown in Table A-1. The data inthis table are presented in the same format that is used for thenormative tables located online. The top part of the table con-tains station information as follows:

• Name of the observing station, state (USA), province(Canada), country

• World Meteorological Organization (WMO) station iden-tifier

• Weather Bureau Army Navy (WBAN) number (“99999”denotes missing)

• Latitude of the station, °N/S

• Longitude of the station, °E/W

• Elevation of the station, ft (m)

• Standard pressure at elevation, psia (kPa)

• Time zone, in hours ± UTC

• Time zone code (e.g., NAE = Eastern Time, USA andCanada). Table A-2 lists all the time zone codes used inthe tables of climatic design conditions. The time zonecodes embody the offset from UTC as well as any appli-cable daylight savings time scheme.

• Period analyzed (e.g., 82–06 = data from 1982 to 2006were used)

A1.1 Annual Design ConditionsAnnual climatic design conditions are contained in the

first three sections following the top part of the table. Theycontain information as shown in the following subsections.

A1.1.1 Annual Heating andHumidification Design Conditions

• Coldest month (i.e., month with the lowest average dry-bulb temperature; 1 = January, 12 = December)

• Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to the 99.6% and99.0% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence (coldconditions) in °F (°C)

• Dew-point temperature corresponding to the 99.6% and99.0% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence in °F(°C); corresponding humidity ratio, calculated at thestandard atmospheric pressure at the elevation of the sta-tion, in grains of moisture per lb of dry air (g of moistureper kg of dry air); and mean coincident dry-bulb temper-ature in °F or °C

• Wind speed corresponding to the 0.4% and 1.0% cumula-tive frequency of occurrence for the coldest month inmph (m/s), and the mean coincident dry-bulb tempera-ture in °F (°C)

• Mean wind speed coincident with the 99.6% dry-bulbtemperature in mph (m/s), and the corresponding, mostfrequent wind direction in degrees from north (east =90°)

A1.1.2 Annual Cooling, Dehumidification,and Enthalpy Design Conditions

• Hottest month (i.e., month with the highest average dry-bulb temperature; 1 = January, 12 = December)

• Daily temperature range for the hottest month in °F (°C).This is defined as the mean of the difference between thedaily maximum and daily minimum dry-bulb tempera-tures for the hottest month.

• Dry-bulb temperature corresponding to the 0.4%, 1.0%,and 2.0% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence(warm conditions) in °F (°C), and the mean coincidentwet-bulb temperature in °F (°C)

• Wet-bulb temperature corresponding to the 0.4%, 1.0%,and 2.0% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence in°F (°C), and the mean coincident dry-bulb temperature in°F (°C)

• Mean wind speed coincident with the 0.4% dry-bulb tem-perature in mph or m/s, and the corresponding, most fre-quent wind direction in degrees from north (east = 90°).

• Dew-point temperature corresponding to the 0.4%, 1.0%,and 2.0% annual cumulative frequency of occurrence in°F (°C); corresponding humidity ratio, calculated at thestandard atmospheric pressure at the elevation of the sta-tion in grains of moisture per lb of dry air (grains ofmoisture per kg of dry air); and the mean coincident dry-bulb temperature in °F (°C)

• Enthalpy corresponding to the 0.4%, 1.0%, and 2.0%annual cumulative frequency of occurrence in Btu/lb (kJ/kg), and the mean coincident dry-bulb temperature in °F(°C)

A1.1.3 Extreme Annual Design Conditions

• Wind speed corresponding to the 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0%annual cumulative frequency of occurrence in mph (m/s)

• Extreme maximum wet-bulb temperature in °F (°C)

• Mean and standard deviation of extreme annual mini-mum and maximum dry-bulb temperature in °F (°C)

• 5-, 10-, 20-, and 50-year return period values for mini-mum and maximum extreme dry-bulb temperature in °F(°C)

A2. MONTHLY CLIMATIC DESIGN CONDITIONS

Monthly design conditions are divided into subsectionsas follows.

A2.1 Temperatures, Degree-Days, and Degree-Hours

• Average temperature in °F (°C). This parameter is aprime indicator of climate and is also useful to calculateheating and cooling degree-days to any base.

• Standard deviation of average daily temperature in °F(°C). This parameter is useful to calculate heating andcooling degree-days to any base.



• Heating and cooling degree-days (bases 50°F and 65°F[10°C and 18.3°C]). These parameters are useful inenergy estimating methods. They are also used to classifylocations into climate zones in Appendix B.

• Cooling degree-hours (bases 74°F and 80°F [23.3°C and26.7°C]). These are used in various standards, such asStandard 90.2.

A2.2 Monthly Design Dry-Bulb, Wet-Bulb, and MeanCoincident Temperatures. These values are derived fromthe same analysis that results in the annual design conditions.The monthly summaries are useful when seasonal variationsin solar geometry and intensity, building or facility occu-pancy, or building use patterns require consideration. In par-ticular, these values can be used when determining air-conditioning loads during periods of maximum solar radia-tion. The values listed in the table include

• dry-bulb temperature corresponding to the 0.4%, 2.0%,5.0%, and 10.0% cumulative frequency of occurrence forthe indicated month in °F (°C), and the mean coincidentwet-bulb temperature in °F (°C) and

• wet-bulb temperature corresponding to the 0.4%, 2.0%,5.0%, and 10.0% cumulative frequency of occurrence forthe indicated month in °F (°C), and the mean coincidentdry-bulb temperature in °F (°C)

For a 30-day month, the 0.4%, 2.0%, 5.0%, and 10.0%values of occurrence represent the value that occurs or isexceeded for a total of 3, 14, 36, or 72 hours, respectively, permonth on average over the period of record. Monthly percen-tile values of dry-bulb or wet-bulb temperature may be higheror lower than the design conditions corresponding to the samenominal percentile, depending on the month and the seasonaldistribution of the parameter at that location. Generally, forthe hottest or most humid months of the year, the monthlypercentile value will exceed the design condition for the sameelement corresponding to the same nominal percentile. Forinstance, Table A-1 shows that the annual 0.4% design dry-bulb temperature in Atlanta, GA is 93.9°F (34.4°C). The0.4% monthly dry-bulb temperature exceeds 93.9°F (34.4°C)for June, July, and August, with values of 94.7°F (34.9°C),97.9°F (36.6°C), and 96.3°F (35.7°C), respectively.

A2.3 Mean Daily Temperature Range. These values areuseful in calculating daily dry- and wet-bulb temperature pro-files. Three kinds of profiles are defined:

• Mean daily temperature range for month indicated in °F(°C) (defined as the mean of difference between dailymaximum and minimum dry-bulb temperature)

• Mean daily dry- and wet-bulb temperature ranges coinci-dent with the 5% monthly design dry-bulb temperature.This is the difference between daily maximum and mini-mum dry- or wet-bulb temperatures, respectively, aver-aged over all days where the maximum daily dry-bulbtemperature exceeds the 5% monthly design dry-bulbtemperature.

• Mean daily dry- and wet-bulb temperature ranges coinci-dent with the 5% monthly design wet-bulb temperature.This is the difference between daily maximum and mini-

mum dry- or wet-bulb temperatures, respectively, aver-aged over all days where the maximum daily wet-bulbtemperature exceeds the 5% monthly design dry-bulbtemperature.

A2.4 Clear-Sky Solar Irradiance. Clear-sky irradianceparameters are useful in calculating solar-related air-condi-tioning loads for any time of any day of the year. Parametersare provided for the 21st day of each month. The 21st of themonth is usually a convenient day for solar calculationsbecause June 21 and December 21 represent the solstices(longest and shortest days), and March 21 and September 21are close to the equinox (days and nights have the samelength). Parameters listed in the tables are as follows:

• Clear-sky optical depths for beam and diffuse irradiances

• Clear-sky beam normal and diffuse horizontal irradiancesat solar noon. These two values can be calculated fromthe clear-sky optical depths but are listed here for conve-nience.

Table A-4 lists the 5564 stations alphabetically, with theexception that U.S. and Canadian locations are placed firstand second in the table. Climatic design conditions for eachlocation in both SI and I-P units are located online atwww.ashrae.org/169_2013data. The files are named by theWMO#. Thus, the filenames for Atlanta are 722190_p.pdf forI-P units and 722190_s.pdf for SI units. Users may alsoaccess the files by opening the file named StnList_p.pdf (forI-P units) or StnList_s.pdf (for SI units), which gives thealphabetical listing of stations and the corresponding WMO#,and then clicking on the WMO# link.

A3. CLIMATE ZONE DEFINITIONS

To determine the climate zones for locations not listed inthis standards, use the following information to determine cli-mate zone numbers and letters.

Determine the thermal climate zone, 0–8, from Table A-3,using the heating and cooling degree-days for the location.

Determine the moisture zone (Marine, Dry or Humid):a. If monthly average temperature and precipitation data are

available, use the Marine, Dry, and Humid definitionsbelow to determine the moisture zone (C, B, or A).

b. If monthly or annual average temperature information(including degree-days) and only annual precipitation (i.e.annual mean) are available, use the following to determinethe moisture zone:

1. If thermal climate zone is 3 and CDD50ºF 4500(CDD10ºC 2500), climate zone is Marine (3C).



c. If only degree-day information is available, use the fol-lowing to determine the moisture zone:






Marine (C) Zone Definition—Locations meeting all four ofthe following criteria:

a. Mean temperature of coldest month between 27°F (–3°C)and 65°F (18°C)

b. Warmest month mean < 72°F (22°C)c. At least four months with mean temperatures over 50°F

(10°C)d. Dry season in summer. The month with the heaviest pre-

cipitation in the cold season has at least three times asmuch precipitation as the month with the least precipita-tion in the rest of the year. The cold season is Octoberthrough March in the Northern Hemisphere and Aprilthrough September in the Southern Hemisphere.

Dry (B) Definition—Locations meeting the following criteria:

a. Not Marine (C)b. If 70% or more of the precipitation, P, occurs during the

high sun period, then the dry/humid threshold is

P < 0.44 × (T – 7) (I-P)

P < 20.0 × (T + 14) (SI)

c. If between 30% and 70% of the precipitation, P, occursduring the high sun period, then the dry/humid threshold is

P < 0.44 × (T – 19.5) (I-P)

P < 20.0 × (T + 7) (SI)

d. If 30% or less of the precipitation, P, occurs during thehigh sun period, then the dry/humid threshold is

P < 0.44 × (T – 32) (I-P)

P < 20 × T (SI)

where

P = annual precipitation, in. (mm)

T = annual mean temperature, °F (°C)

Summer or = April through September in the Northernhigh sun Hemisphere and October through Marchperiod in the Southern Hemisphere

Winter or = October through March in the Northerncold season Hemisphere and April through

September in the Southern Hemisphere

Humid (A) Definition—Locations that are not Marine (C) andnot Dry (B)

A4. CLIMATE ZONES

Tables A-4, A-5, and A-6 give the climate zone and meanannual precipitation for locations in the United States, Canada,and International locations, respectively. Normative AppendixB provides a list of climate zones by U.S. state and county. Forlocations that are not listed either in Tables A-5 or A-6, use theClimate Zone Definitions in Section A-3 and Table A-3 todetermine both the climate zone letter and number.



TABLE A-1 Design Conditions for Atlanta, GA, USA (I-P)


Documents

Climatic Data for Building Design Standards - …2009 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals, Chapter 14, “Cli-matic Design Information” and from other data developed spe-cifically for