Climograph• Graph that indicates

average temperature and precipitation for a place.

• Line Graph shows temperature

• Bar Graph shows precipitation

If the line graph goes up in the middle – it is showing a place in the northern hemisphere.

If the line graph goes down in the middle – it is showing a place in the southern hemisphere.

If the line is fairly straight – it is showing a place that is near or on the Equator.

•Description – hot and wet throughout the year.

•Precipitation Wet – 80 + inches a year - Rains daily

• Temperatures about 80 all year

• vegetation - Lush and diverse – 6% of earth, but more than half the plant and animal species. Canopy – layers of broadleaf evergreen trees. Leaching – continuous rain pulls the nutrients out of the soil (not arable)

•Biome: Rainforest

Amazon River Basin

Congo River Basin

Indonesia

Tons of precipitation every month.

Rio BelemTemperatures are about even so it must be near the Equator.

Animals: Africa Forest Elephant , Bengal Tiger , Chimpanzee , Common Palm Civet or Musang , Dawn Bat , Golden Lion Tamarin , Harpy Eagle , Jambu Fruit Dove , King Cobra , Kinkajou , Linn's Sloth , Orangutan , Proboscis Monkey , Red-shanked Douc Langur , Silvery Gibbon , Slender Loris , Sumatran Rhinoceros , Toco Toucan , Vampire Bat , Wagler's Pit Viper

•Description – grassland with distinct dry and wet seasons. Winter is dry.

•Summers have 20 – 100 inches of precipitation a year. Winter is dry. Dry season is dramatic.

•High year round temperatures around 80.

•Vegetation – clumps of coarse grass and few trees.

•Biome - savanna

•Llanos of Venezuela

•Caribbean Islands

•Serengeti of Tanzania

Near the Equator

Darwin Dakar

COLD

DRY DRY

COLD

Animals: African Elephant , African Wild Dog , Black Mamba , Caracal , Chacma Baboon , Egyptian Mongoose , Emu , Grant's Zebra , Koala Bear , Lion , Nigriceps Ants , Nile Crocodile

• Description – dry, largely treeless grassland.

•Location – Low & mid latitudes. Border deserts & interior of continents (leeward side)

•Precipitation 10 – 20 inches a year

• Vegetation - Grassland with few trees or cactus. Desertification - spread of desert-like conditions to semi-arid areas is a serious problem in the Steppe

•Biome: grassland

Alice Spring

Northern Southern

Hemisphere Hemisphere

Animals: American Bald Eagle, Badger , Bobcat , Bumble Bee , Coyote , Prairie Dog , Swift Fox , Corsac Fox , Mongolian Gerbil , Saiga Antelope , Northern Lynx, Geoffroy's Cat , Greater Rhea , Saker Falcon

Description – dry area with sparse plant life that covers about 1/3 of the world’s land. There are two types of terrain: reg – desert pavement (gravel, rocks, and sand) and erg – dunes

•Precipitation – 10 in. or less a year

• Temperatures: Desert does not mean hot – it means dry!!! Day and night temperatures vary drastically.

•Vegetation - scrub and cactus Oasis is an area in the desert where water is available.

•Biome – desert scrub

Cairo Tehran

Lima

Animals: Armadillo Lizard , Banded Gila- Monster , Bobcat , Cactus Wren , Coyote , Desert Bighorn Sheep , Desert Kangaroo Rat , Desert Tortoise , Javelina , Cactus Ferruginous Pygmy Owl , Sonoran Desert Toad , Sonoran Pronghorn Antelope

•Description – ocean winds bring cool summers and damp winters.

• Location – 30-60º on the west coast in N. Hemisphere and east coast in S. Hemisphere. Located on Westerlies.

Precipitation: Ocean air brings abundant rainfall.

• Vegetation: large coniferous – evergreen forests called temperate rainforests and mixed forests - both coniferous and deciduous trees.

•Biome- deciduous forest

LondonVancouver

Sydney

Abundant rainfall all year. High around 70. Low around 40.

Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer

•Description – mild, rainy winter and hot sunny summers.

•Precipitation: 15 – 30 in (mostly in the winter)

•Vegetation - Chaparral – underbrush, woody bushes and short trees – cork, olives, grapes, etc. Leathery leaves hold moisture

•Biome - chaparral

AthensPerth

SantiagoJordan

COLD

COLD

COLD COLD

WETWET

WET WET

Animals: Aardwolf , Black-tailed Jackrabbit , Cactus Wren , Golden Jackal , Grey Fox , Isand Grey Fox , Puma , San Joachim Kit Fox , Spotted Skunk , Wild Goat

•Description – short, mild winters and nearly year round rainfall. hurricanes & typhoons.

• HOUSTON is in HST

•Precipitation: year round

Vegetation – fruits, rice, vegetables, inland grasslands, and mixed forests - deciduous and coniferous trees.

Biome – deciduous forest

ShanghaiBuenos Aires

Southern hemisphere Northern hemisphere

Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer

•Description - 4 distinct seasons. Storms and continentality - far in the interior of continents influence climate.

•Location - interior mid-latitude in N. Hemisphere

•Temperatures: winters longer as you travel north and inland.

• Vegetation: Agriculture has replaced natural prairie grass, and short coniferous forests.

•Biome – grassland and deciduous forest

HelsinkiMoscow

Northern Hemisphere

Animals: American Bald Eagle, American Black Bear , Coyote , Duckbill Platypus, Eastern Chipmunk , European Red Squirrel , Fat Dormouse , Least Weasel , White-tailed Deer

• Description – bitterly cold winter and short, cool summers.

•Temperatures: Widest temperature range between summer and winter.

•Vegetation: Taiga (Russian word for forest) a boreal forest – needled evergreens.

•Permafrost – only a small layer of the ground thaws.

•Biome - taiga

Saskatoon Omsk

Northern Hemisphere

ANIMALS: American Black Bear, Bald Eagle , Bobcat , Canadian Lynx , Gray Wolf , Grizzly Bear , Long-Eared Owl , Red Fox , River Otter , Snowshoe-Rabbit , Wolverine

• Description – very cold with polar night for ½ of the year.

•Location – far north in the northern hemisphere

•Temperature: Cold: rarely above 50° - at least 9 months below freezing – some below 0º

•Vegetation: Short bushes, short grass, mosses, and lichen. permafrost bogs in summer.

•Biome - tundra

Northern Hemisphere

FreezingFreezing

ANIMALS: Arctic Fox , Caribou , Ermine , Grizzly Bear , Harlequin Duck , Musk Ox ,

Polar Bear , Snowy Owl

• Description – snow and ice cover this area up to 2 miles thick

•Polar night – 6 months a year the sun does not rise above the horizon (24 hours dark)

•Polar desert – moisture in the air does not reach the dew point, so it does not precipitate. Far away from Equator (dry & cold as move away)

•Temperature: Below freezing all year - Many months below zero.

•Vegetation: Possibly lichen and moss

Northern Southern

Hemisphere Hemisphere

Thuls Air Force Base

Freezing

Freezing

• Located in mountain systems throughout the world

• Precipitation – affected by the Orographic Effect. Leeward is dry – windward is wet.

• Temperature – varies with elevation – for every 1,000 feet increase in elevation the temperature decreases 3.5

• Vegetation – usually mixed forests at the base. Meadows with small trees, shrubs, and wildflowers line the mountainsides.

•Biome - alpine

Mexico City

Near Equator Northern Hemisphere

Near Equator

• Hot land.

• 0 - 2,500 ft.

• 68-91ºF.

• Grow: rice, Banana, sugar cane, cacao, pineapple

• Forests: Sea level – swamps up to dry forests around 2,000 feet

• Temperate land.

• 2,500 – 6,500 ft.

• 60-70ºF.

• Grow coffee, cotton, tobacco, citrus fruit, squash, beans, and corn

• Forests: Wet forest

• Cold land.

• 6,500 – 10,000 ft.

• Less than 60 degrees.

• Grow grains such as wheat, oats, rye, and barley, apples, and also potatoes.

• Forests: Cloud forests

• Most above the tree line.

• 10,000 – 14,000 feet

• temperatures: 20 – 55º

• Grow: Grassland and hardy shrubs.

• Elfin forest at lowest elevations

• Grazing of sheep, alpacas, and llamas.

• Snow line and above.

• Above 14,000 feet

• Below 20º.

• Nothing grows here except maybe a few moss and lichen in summer.