Climate: Monsoon - GFCS · • Climate: Monsoon dominating tropical. Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia. 0 100 200 300 400

WIGOS related matters

9-11 September, Thimphu, Buthan

Taslima Imam

Sr. Meteorologist, Bangladesh Meteorological Department

Email –[email protected]

Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in

Asia

BangladeshPresentation

Geographical Location:Bangladesh extends from 20°34’N to 26°38’N latitude and from 88°01’E to 92°41’E longitude. Except the hilly southeast, most of the country is a low-lying plain land. It is surrounded by the Assam Hills in the east, the Meghalaya Plateau in the north, the lofty Himalayas lying farther to the north. To its south lies the Bay of Bengal and to the west lie the plain land of West Bengal and the vast tract of the Gangetic Plain.

Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia

• The total land area: 147, 570 sq km.

• Total population: 163 million -2013

• Population density: 1174.33 per sq. Km.

• Ad. Division: Seven Divisions.

• Climate: Monsoon dominating tropical.


0

100

200

300

400

500

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JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC

Rai

nfal

l in

mm

Months

Monthly normal rainfall

Seasonal rainfall distribution


Seasons:Winter -Dec-Feb.Pre Monsoon - Mar-MayMonsoon-Jun -SepPost Monsoon -Oct-Nov .

Annual Rainfall distribution

* Duration of each phenomenon may change a little bit every year.

Lowest Temp.2.8 deg Celsius04 Feb 1968Srimongal

Highest Temp.45.1 deg Celsius18 Mar 1972Rajshahi

Highest Rainfall590 mm/day15 Jun 2001Sandwip

Strongest Wind225 km/h29 Apr 1991Sandwip

(Cyclone)

Bangladesh is a natural disaster prone country, Due to extreme disaster events cause more than 500,000 deaths since 1971.

The risk profile:• Highest number of exposed

people to flooding per year globally (20 million)

• 5 million people exposed to cyclones per year, the highest globally

• 400,000 people exposed per year to storm surge.

CycloneFloodRiver erosionDroughtsLand slides


142.319 million people with an average population density of 964 inhabitants per square kilometer (2011)36 million people living in the coastal region, this represents about 28% of the total population of Bangladesh

. The total land area is 147, 570 sq km.The coastal zone covers 47,201 square kilometer land area, which is 32 percent of total landmass of the country.

230 major rivers


DateMaximum Wind speed (km/hr)

Storm Surge height (Meter)

Death Toll

11 May 1965 161 3.7-7.6 19,279

15 December 1965 217 2.4-3.6 873

01 October 1966 139 6.0-6.7 850

12 November 1970 224 6.0-10.0 300,000

25 May 1985 154 3.0-4.6 11,069

29 April 1991 225 6.0-7.6 138,882

19 May 1997 232 3.1-4.6 155

15 November (SIDR)

2007 223 -- 3363

25 May (AILA) 2009 92 -- 190

Major cyclones that hit the Bangladesh coast


Major National Economic sectors relying on Met Services:•Agriculture.

•Transportation (riverine movement).

•Aviation.

•Health.

•Climate adaptation.

•Poultry.

•Drainage.


MoD

Secretary

DD


Honorable Prime Minister

Director PR

•Daily weather forecast . Archives all weather and climate data.

•Warnings, Advisories.

•Forecast/ Warnings for Aviation Sector Air force, Army& Civil Aviation.

•Forecast/ Warnings for Sea Navigation.

•Forecast/ Warnings for Riverine movement.

•Provision of Agro-meteorological services to farmers.

•Earthquake information, Tsunami Advisories/ Warnings.

•Special weather forecast for all VVIP & VIP movements.VIP

•Provide rainfall data, forecasts/warnings, radar and satellite image for the operation of flood forecasting and warning system.

FFWC


BMD HeadquarterAgargaon, Dhaka

Prime Minister’s

Office

Water Development

Board

Hazrat Shahjalal ® International

Airport

Bangladesh Television

Bangladesh

Air force

Microwave link

DDNDigital data network

VSAT – APSTAR satelliteVery small aperture terminal

Radio Link

BMD Domestic Network BMD Domestic Network ( LAN / MAN)


Warning Dissemination System

BMD

WEBSITE

DDM

• Synoptic observatories : 35

• Pilot Observatories : 10

• Rawinsonde Observatories : 3

• Agromet observatories : 12

• Automatic Weather Station:7

• Automatic Rain Gauge: 12

• Synoptic Observatory

• Pilot Balloon Observatory

• Rawinsonde Observatory

• Agromet Observatory

Location of Observatories

New 49 AWS are in the

implementation stage & all Observatories will be automatic.


• Surface Climatological Station: No SCS Providing m onthly average data.

Instruments:

Dry & wet bulb thermometerMaximum &Minimum thermometerBarometerRain gaugeEvaporation basinSoil thermometerSunshine recorderCup anemometerWind vane.

Data collection: Manually & store in a data base.

Synoptic Observatory



Observation: According to the WMO standard and practice

87 88 89 90 91 92 9320

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Dhaka

Mymensingh

Tangail

Faridpur

Madaripur

Chittagong

SandwipSitakunda Rangamati

ComillaChandpur

M.CourtFeni

Hatiya

Cox's_Bazar

Kutubdia

Teknaf

Sylhet

SrimangalRajshahi

Ishurdi

Bogra

RangpurDinajpur

Sayedpur

Khulna

Mongla

Satkhira

Jessore

Chuadanga

Barisal

Patuakhali

Khepupara

Bhola

Bay of Bengal

INDIA

INDIA

INDIA

Local data collection from 35 Synoptic Observatories through Local data collection from 35 Synoptic Observatories through InternetInternet


Internet

Storm Warning Centre.

Sensors:1) Pressure: Transducer : capacitive.2) Solar Radiation & Solar duration: Pyranometer type(direct &diffuse solar irradiance)3) Rain gauge:(Tipping bucket)4) Temperature : Max. Min.(PRT based precision thermistor, resistive)5) Wind: Mechanical type.6) Relative Humidity: captive type.

Communication:Modem GPRS, SMS system.

Power:Hybrid ( commercial AC-220volt / Solar Panel / storage battery / Charger control )

AWS - Number – 6 - JICA.

One central station: data receives every ½ an hour and daily files from all AWS,via modem with SIM configured for GPRS protocol


Status: Data assimilation/validation not yet done and not connected to GTS.

Sensors:1) Pressure: Transducer : capacitive.2) Solar Radiation: Pyranometer type(direct &diffuse solar irradiance)3) Rain gauge:(Tipping bucket)4) Temperature : Max. Min.(PRT based precision thermistor, resistive)5) Soil Moisture: 6) Wind: Ultrasonic wind (7- new/8 - turbojet(old).7) Relative Humidity: captive type.

Communication:Modem GPRS( TCP-IP Protocol)

Power:Hybrid ( commercial AC-220volt / Solar Panel / storage battery / Charger control )

AWS (Agromet)- Number – 20 -GoB.

One central station: receives 1 minute and daily files from all AWS, via modem with SIM configured for GPRS protocol


Status: Data assimilation/validation not yet done and not connected to GTS.

Radar Network of BMD

Radar location

• Khepupara (Doppler)

• Cox ’s Bazar (Doppler)

• Dhaka• Rangpur• Moulvibazar (Doppler)


VSAT – APSTAR satellite

Very small aperture terminal

First Satellite Ground Receiving Stations was established at Dhaka in 1998 GMS & NOAA Satellite Ground Receiving Stations

SATELLITE MTSAT

Data application :

Met. data are used for real time disaster monitoring & forecasting.

Requirement

Data assimilation in NWP need to be done.

Need to establish a climate monitoring system for climate service.

More involvement in meteorological data utilization in socio economic development aspect is required.

Need to establish data management system.


DDN link of BTCLTCP-IP socket protocolReliable & Automatic

RTH Delhi


Regional Meteorological Telecom Network:

GTS link: 64kbps.

GISC: Tokyo.( collecting products through internet )

Network of observation within/outside Met Service:

There is no network within/outside Met. Service.

(Digital Data Network link of Bangladesh Telecommunications Company Limited .)

Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation :


BMD has knowledge on WIS. Two BMD personnel were attended at the Regional Training Seminar (WIS) Beijing China & JMA workshop on WIS implementation. The focal point of WIS of BMD: Md. Abdul Matin. (Sr.Com. Eng) Principal GISC – GISC New Delhi but Collecting products from GISC-Tokyo. Communication system: Internet. Not yet fully ready to implement.(?) Need training and other support for implementation ( ?) in BMD. Buffer Converter is installed –WMO. Discovery Metadata format is done/ solution adopted. Capacity development, e.g. staff training on WIS MD is badly required .

Knowledge about WIS and progress in WIS implementation :


Table-driven Code Forms (TDCF):Migration of Table-driven Code Forms (TDCF) from Traditional Alphanumeric Codes (TAC) done but there is still have some problem regarding handling of message. Because weather charts are till plotting manually though we have software for plotting and analysis. As without reliable support of TDCF in BMD system. it will not be able to communicate with rest of the meteorological world, to understand the data received as well as to send data to others but still BMD has lack of Knowledge regarding the TDCF.Training is badly required for BMD staff on migration of TDCF. ( Comma separated value CSV format)

Main challenges currently facing the NMHS:Lack of skilled manpower, technical support and funding.Organizational up-gradation .WeaknessMore accurate area & time specific storm surge forecast.Seasonal forecast for agriculture and food security.Establish Bay observation system and increase AWS.Establishment of NWP system.All concerned Staff are not trained on WIS, WIS MD & Migration of TDCF.BMD don’t have organized climate data & sector specific climate information service providing system.

Key achievement The remarkable reduction of death tolls of tropical cyclones

for better forecast. Buffer Converter –WMO and opportunity to collect product through GISC-Tokyo.


Future Plans or Requirements


Capacity building- training & infrastructural development. Increase computing power to run NWP models.

Expansion of weather observation network with AWS.

Establishment of end to end quick dissemination system.

Area and time specific storm surge (coastal inundation) forecast.

Capability to provide middle to long range Seasonal forecasts for agriculture and food security.

Establishment of research activities on weather and climate change.

Need Collaboration with other organizations for data sharing.

Training for Capacity Building to establish an effective climate service. Tailor made climate product generation system / Brand Climate Product

Upgradation of GTS with increased bandwidth and setup the National Centre under WIS.

Establishment of BUFR conversion system for CLIMAT data of BMD.

Develop a Climate Zoning Map. PWS training in all sectors i.e. communication skills with users &

media and TV weather presentation.

WIS- facilities with dedicated link between GISC- New Delhi.

Organizational up-gradation.

Future Plans or Requirements


Establishment of NWP system. Modernization of seismological equipment &

expansion of seismic network. Establishment of AWS and wind profilers for BMD. Modernization of upper air observation system. Replacement and construction of hydrogen plant. Modernization of meteorological training institute

and construction of hostel for trainers. Construction of residential quarter for

operational personnel at Dhaka. Modernization of meteorological workshop and

laboratory at Dhaka. Establishment of 13 meteorological observatories. Modernization of agro-meteorological observatory

with latest telemetry.

Proposed Projects: (five year plan)


Key recommendations GFCS and WIS 1.Increase capability to provide middle to long range Seasonal forecasts for agriculture and food security to all LDCs. 2. Upgradation of GTS with increased bandwidth and setup the National Centre under WIS at LDCs. 3. Help to establish WIS- facilities with dedicated link between respective GISC of LDCs. 4. Training on WIS for all LDCs. 5. Upgradation of Training Institute and provide expert support to Met. Services. 6. Provide support to LDCs to establish sector specific climate service. for sustainable development. 7. Need support to increase observation network for all LDCs. 7. Capacity building programme for LDCS up to their requirement.


Documents

Climate: Monsoon - GFCS · • Climate: Monsoon dominating tropical. Regional Workshop on Implementation of Weather and Climate-related Services in (LDCs) in Asia. 0 100 200 300 400