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Sampling, fieldwork and laboratory techniques used in our chronology building The Lustia Tree-Ring Research Project - 5 0 0 0 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 5 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 - 3 0 0 0 - 2 5 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 - 1 5 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 - 5 5 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 - 4 5 0 0 - 4 0 0 0 - 3 5 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 8 5 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 2 0 4 0 E P S A v e r a g e r i n g - w i d t h N u m b e r o f r e p l i c a t i o n s E x p r e s s e d P o p u l a t i o n S i g n a l ( E P S ) S m o o t h e d r i n g - w i d t h ( 5 0 y e a r s ) WWW.LUSTIA.FI 1 5 0 0 1 6 0 0 1 7 0 0 1 8 0 0 1 9 0 0 2 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 Mauri Timonen Poster availability: Download from www.lustia.fi CLIMATE FROM THE 7639-YEAR UNBROKEN SCOTS PINE TREE-RING CHRONOLOGY FOR FINNISH LAPLAND Poster Design: Photos: Mauri Timonen Contacts: [email protected] Ekaterinburg, 5-7 June 2006 7th International conference on Dendrochronology, June 11-17, 2006, Beijing, China Cultural Diversity Environmental Variability S c o t s p i n e ( P i n u s s y l v e s t r i s , L . ) i m m i g r a t e d t o F i n n i s h L a p l a n d b y 9 . 5 - 9 k a c a l B P a n d s p r e a d i n f a v o u r a b l e c l i m a t i c c o n d i t i o n s t o a l a r g e r a r e a t h a n t h a t o c c u p i e d b y p i n e f o r e s t s t o d a y . T h e t i m e o f t h e m a x i m u m e x t e n t w a s b e t w e e n 7 a n d 4 . 5 k a c a l B P . A l a r g e n u m b e r o f s u b f o s s i l p i n e t r u n k s a n d s t u m p s h a v e p r e s e r v e d i n s m a l l l a k e s i n L a p l a n d i n t h e p r e s e n t t r e e l i n e a r e a a n d a l s o b e y o n d i t . T h e a r e a i s s i t u a t e d b e t w e e n 6 8 ° a n d 7 0 ° N , 2 0 ° a n d 3 0 ° E , l o c a t e d i n t h e n o r t h e r n p a r t o f t h e b o r e a l f o r e s t b e l t i n F e n n o s c a n d i a , b e t w e e n t h e S w e d i s h S c a n d e s a n d t h e K o l a P e n i n s u l a . T r e e - r i n g s a m p l e s o f S c o t s p i n e w e r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m l i v i n g t r e e s , d e a d s t a n d i n g l o g s , o l d b u i l d i n g s , a n d s u b f o s s i l w o o d f r o m s m a l l l a k e s , t h e s e l e c t e d d a t a s e t c o n t a i n i n g 1 0 8 1 t r e e - r i n g s e r i e s i n a l l . T h e 7 5 2 0 - y e a r p i n e t r e e - r i n g c h r o n o l o g y , c o m p l e t e d i n 1 9 9 9 b y p r o f e s s o r M a t t i E r o n e n ' s r e s e a r c h g r o u p i n t h e A D V A N C E - 1 0 K p r o j e c t , e x t e n d e d t o 5 5 1 9 B . C . A n u p d a t e o f t h e m a t e r i a l c o n t i n u e d i t t o 5 6 3 3 B . C . , t h u s t h e s e r i e s i s n o w 7 6 3 9 y e a r s l o n g . T h e l o n g p i n e t r e e - r i n g c u r v e i n d i c a t e s i n t e r a n n u a l v a r i a t i o n s o f J u n e - J u l y t e m p e r a t u r e s i n n o r t h e r n F e n n o s c a n d i a . T h e a n n u a l r e s o l u t i o n h a s m a d e i t p o s s i b l e t o r e c o n s t r u c t a h i g h - f r e q u e n c y r e c o r d o f t e m p e r a t u r e v a r i a b i l i t y o v e r t h o u s a n d s o f y e a r s . I t g i v e s a l s o a p o t e n t i a l t o s t u d y m a n y o f p a s t c l i m a t i c a n d e n v i r o n m e n t a l v a r i a b l e s . T h e F i n n i s h s u p r a - l o n g p i n e c h r o n o l o g y i s s o f a r n o t l o n g e n o u g h t o o v e r l a p t h e s p e c i f i c c o o l i n g p e r i o d o b s e r v e d i n n o r t h e r n h e m i s p h e r e a b o u t 8 2 0 0 y e a r s a g o . I t s e e m s t h e r e w a s a d r a s t i c d r o p o f 1 - 5 o C i n a n n u a l m e a n t e m p e r a t u r e s l a s t i n g f o r a f e w h u n d r e d y e a r s . T h e e v e n t i s c o n n e c t e d t o a s l o w d o w n o f t h e G u l f s t r e a m , w h i c h w a s p r o b a b l y c a u s e d b y t h e c o l d p e n t u p w a t e r s i n H u d s o n B a y r e l e a s i n g i n t o t h e N o r t h A t l a n t i c . I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t s i m i l a r f l i p - f l o p e v e n t m i g h t t a k e p l a c e a s r e s u l t e d b y g l o b a l w a r m i n g . O u r p l a n i s t r y t o f i n d o v e r 8 0 0 0 y e a r p i n e m e g a f o s s i l s a n d a n a l y s e f r o m t r e e - r i n g s , h o w F i n n i s h c l i m a t e c h a n g e d i n t h o s e d a y s . I n t h e o r y w e c a n c o n c l u d e t h e f o l l o w i n g : i f t h e w e s t e r l i e s p r e v a i l e d d u r i n g t h e c o o l G u l f s t r e a m , t h e s u m m e r s w e r e c o o l e r t h a n n o r m a l , t h u s r e s u l t i n g r e d u c e d g r o w t h i n t r e e s . I n t h e c a s e o f t h e e a s t e r l i e s p r e v a i l i n g , c o n t i n e n t a l w e a t h e r c a u s e d w a r m , e v e n h o t s u m m e r s . T h i s s h o u l d b e s e e n a s i n c r e a s e d g r o w t h i n t r e e s . - 4 0 0 - 3 8 0 - 3 6 0 - 3 4 0 - 3 2 0 - 3 0 0 - 2 8 0 - 2 6 0 - 2 4 0 - 2 2 0 - 2 0 0 0 . 1 0 m m 3 8 1 - 1 8 1 B . C . K O M 6 7 2 4 1 . 5 5 m m 1 . 2 3 m m 0 . 0 6 m m 5 1 2 - 2 3 1 B . C . F I L 6 2 0 1 - 1 2 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 - 8 0 0 - 6 0 0 - 4 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 E P S a n d R B A R Y E A R S C A L E K O M 6 5 4 5 V A L 6 0 8 7 V A L 5 0 2 2 V A L 5 0 3 1 N A K 6 0 4 7 K O M 6 7 0 6 R I E 5 6 4 0 P I T 4 9 6 3 L U O 5 6 2 4 L U O 3 1 2 2 P I T 6 5 6 8 N A K 4 9 1 2 K U L 3 0 0 6 P I T 3 1 2 5 R I E 3 1 8 5 K O M 6 7 0 7 K O M 6 7 1 2 K O M 6 8 1 0 K O M 6 8 2 0 P I T 3 1 4 2 K O M 6 7 5 0 K O M 6 7 4 0 K O M 6 1 4 3 K O M 5 9 7 5 K O M 6 7 1 7 K O M 6 8 1 4 K O M 6 1 3 1 K O M 6 5 3 0 K O M 6 8 2 7 " T H E G A P " K O M 6 7 2 4 0 , 0 0 , 5 1 , 0 Finland Sweden Russia Norway 50 km K o l a r i S o d a n k y l ä P o k k a K i l p i s - j ä r v i I v a l o U t s j o k i L a k e A i l i g a s j ä r v i L a k e K o m p s i o j ä r v i L a k e L u o l a j ä r v i R a j a j o o s e p p i L a k e P i t k ä j ä r v i M u o n i o H e t t a K a r i g a s n i e m i S a a r i s e l k ä 7 5 0 0 7 6 0 0 7 7 0 0 7 8 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 3 5 0 4 0 0 4 5 0 5 0 0 5 5 0 6 0 0 S e v e t t i - j ä r v i The Finnish 7638-year Scots pine chronology was built from 1087 samples. The material was collected from over 40 lakes (triangles and circles). The red line shows the present pine timberline. . The smallest number of samples in the chronology appears from 350 B.C to 150 B.C. Low correlation of samples made it difficult to bridge the gap between the absolute and the floating part of the A sudden drop in pine growth was fiund at 330 B.C. The very thin tree-ring indicates that year. Recovery from the collapse took about 20 years. These two samples, FIL6201 and KOM6724, made it finally possible to close the gap. Their tree-rings coincide nicely due the strong climatic signal of the June-July temperature. It is however, interesting, that the signal occasionally seems to disappear. . The graph shows correlations in 15-year windows between Finnish timberline pine tree-ring index and the combined global land and marine surface temperature record from 1856 to 2002 (Jones et al.) The average ring-width is about 0.6 mm. Number of replications ranges from 6 to 60 or more per year. The low values (<0.85) in the EPS parameter indicate insufficient number of replications. Average correlation between samples is about 0.4 and standard deviation is about 30 %. 0 , 0 0 , 4 0 , 8 R B A R 0 5 0 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 2 0 4 0 0 2 0 4 0 - 5 0 0 0 - 4 0 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 S t E r r S t D e v E P S R e p l i c a t i o n s I n d e x R i n g w i d t h The forcing power of the NAO (North Atlantic Oscillations) is usually strong in Finland, e.g. mid-winter temperatures (DJFM) coincide nicely with NAO indices. But coinciding rhytms have not always been true: the late1920s - early 1930s and the 1960s were clear exceptions. 1 5 0 1 0 0 5 0 o C n o r t h e r n h e m i s p h e r e T r e e - r i n g i n d e x o f t i m b e r l i n e p i n e 0 , 0 0 , 5 1 , 0 1 5 - y r w i n d o w s R B a r c o r r e l a t i o n 1 8 5 0 1 8 7 5 1 9 0 0 1 9 2 5 1 9 5 0 1 9 7 5 2 0 0 0 - 0 , 5 0 , 0 0 , 5 J u n e - J u l y m e a n t e m p e r a t u r e ) T E M P E R A T U R E N A O I N D E X 1 9 1 0 1 9 2 0 1 9 3 0 1 9 4 0 1 9 5 0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 - 1 5 - 1 0 - 5 0 , 0 0 , 5 1 , 0 - 2 0 2 4 T - D J F M N A O - D J F M R B A R 1 0 - Y R W I N D O W S S o u r c e : C R U S o u r c e : F M I R D J F M ( N A O , T ) SOME PARAMETERS OF THE FINNISH 7638-YEAR CHRONOLOGY. T h e s e t w o s a m p l e s , F I L 6 2 0 1 a n d K O M 6 7 2 4 , m a d e i t f i n a l l y p o s s i b l e t o c l o s e t h e g a p . T h e i r t r e e - r i n g s c o i n c i d e n i c e l y d u e t h e s t r o n g c l i m a t i c s i g n a l o f t h e J u n e - J u l y t e m p e r a t u r e . I t i s h o w e v e r , i n t e r e s t i n g , t h a t t h e s i g n a l o c c a s i o n a l l y s e e m s t o d i s a p p e a r . . T h e a v e r a g e r i n g - w i d t h i s a b o u t 0 . 6 m m . N u m b e r o f r e p l i c a t i o n s r a n g e s f r o m 6 t o 6 0 o r m o r e p e r y e a r . T h e l o w v a l u e s ( < 0 . 8 5 ) i n t h e E P S p a r a m e t e r i n d i c a t e i n s u f f i c i e n t n u m b e r o f r e p l i c a t i o n s . A v e r a g e c o r r e l a t i o n b e t w e e n s a m p l e s i s a b o u t 0 . 4 a n d s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n i s a b o u t 3 0 % . T h e f o r c i n g p o w e r o f t h e N A O ( N o r t h A t l a n t i c O s c i l l a t i o n s ) i s u s u a l l y s t r o n g i n F i n l a n d , e . g . m i d - w i n t e r t e m p e r a t u r e s ( D J F M ) c o i n c i d e n i c e l y w i t h N A O i n d i c e s . B u t c o i n c i d i n g r h y t m s h a v e n o t a l w a y s b e e n t r u e : t h e l a t e 1 9 2 0 s - e a r l y 1 9 3 0 s a n d t h e 1 9 6 0 s w e r e c l e a r e x c e p t i o n s . - 5 0 0 0 - 4 0 0 0 - 3 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 0 - 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 8 5 9 0 9 5 1 0 0 1 0 5 1 1 0 1 1 5 1 0 - 1 ° C M e d i e v a l w a r m p e r i o d ( 7 0 0 - 1 3 0 0 A D ) L i t t l e I c e a g e ( 1 4 0 0 - 1 9 1 0 A D ) A t l a n t i c p e r i o d ( 5 5 0 0 - 3 2 0 0 B C ) N o r w a y s p r u c e r e a c h e s i t s n o r t h e r n m o s t l i m i t ( 3 0 0 0 - 2 5 0 0 B C ) T r e e - r i n g i n d e x [email protected] A closer view over the supra-long Scots pine tree-ring record for Finnnish Lapland Mauri Timonen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Unit , Finland Kari Mielikäinen Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Finland Samuli Helama Institute for Geology and Palaeontology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany

CLIMATE FROM THE 7639-YEAR UNBROKEN SCOTS PINE TREE … · lakes (triangles and circles). The red line shows the present pine timberline.. The smallest number of samples in the chronology

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Page 1: CLIMATE FROM THE 7639-YEAR UNBROKEN SCOTS PINE TREE … · lakes (triangles and circles). The red line shows the present pine timberline.. The smallest number of samples in the chronology

Sampling, fieldwork and laboratory techniques used in our chronology building

The Lustia Tree-Ring Research Project

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WWW.LUSTIA.FI� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

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Mauri Timonen

Poster availability:Download fromwww.lustia.fi

CLIMATE FROM THE 7639-YEAR UNBROKEN SCOTS PINE TREE-RING CHRONOLOGY FOR FINNISH LAPLAND

Poster Design:

Photos:Mauri Timonen

Contacts:[email protected]

Ekaterinburg, 5-7 June 20067th International conference on Dendrochronology, June 11-17, 2006, Beijing, ChinaCultural Diversity Environmental Variability

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The Finnish 7638-year Scots pine chronology was built from 1087 samples. The material was collected from over 40 lakes (triangles and circles). The red line shows the present pine timberline.

.The smallest number of samples in the chronology appears from 350 B.C to 150 B.C. Low correlation of samples made it difficult to bridge the gap between the absolute and the floating part of the

A sudden drop in pine growth was fiund at 330 B.C. The very thin tree-ring indicates that year. Recovery from the collapse took about 20 years.

These two samples, FIL6201 and KOM6724, made it finally possible to close the gap. Their tree-rings coincide nicely due the strong climatic signal of the June-July temperature. It is however, interesting, that the signal occasionally seems to disappear. .

The graph shows correlations in 15-year windows between Finnish timberline pine tree-ring index and the combined global land and marine surface temperature record from 1856 to 2002 (Jones et al.)

The average ring-width is about 0.6 mm. Number of replications ranges from 6 to 60 or more per year. The low values (<0.85) in the EPS parameter indicate insufficient number of replications. Average correlation between samples is about 0.4 and standard deviation is about 30 %.

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[email protected]

A c l o s e r v i e w o v e r t h e s u p r a - l o n g S c o t s p i n e t r e e - r i n g r e c o r d f o r F i n n n i s h L a p l a n d

Mauri Timonen, Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research Unit , Finland Kari Mielikäinen Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa Research Unit, Finland

Samuli Helama Institute for Geology and Palaeontology, Johann Wolfgang GoetheUniversity, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany