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Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: [email protected] Geneva, Switzerland 2017.2.15 OPERATIONAL SPACE-BASED WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES MONITORING

Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: [email protected] Geneva, Switzerland

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Page 1: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Climate events monitoring and

satellite application in China

Fengjin XIAO

Email: [email protected]

Geneva, Switzerland 2017.2.15

OPERATIONAL SPACE-BASED WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES MONITORING

Page 2: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

CONTENT

1. Brief introduction of BCC

2. Major climate events and meteorological

disasters monitoring

3. Application of satellite data

4. The gap and outlook of satellite application

Page 3: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Beijing Climate Centre (BCC,2003)

East Asian Monsoon

Activity Centre

(EAMAC,2006)

Global Producing Centre for

long-range forecast

(GPC,2006)

WMO Regional Climate Centre

in RA II (RCC,2009)

Center for Extreme Events

Monitoring in Asia

(CEEMA,2010)

The Role of Beijing Climate Center

1. Brief Introduction of BCC

Page 4: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Organization National Climate Center (NCC)

Beijing Climate Center (BCC)

General Office (GO)

Division of Operation,

Science and

Technology (DOST)

Division of Personnel

Affairs (DPA)

Climate Monitoring

Division (CMD)

Climate System

Modeling Division

(CSMD)

Climate Services

Division (CSD)

Laboratory for Climate

Studies (LCS)

Climate Prediction

Division (CPD)

Climate Impact

Assessment Division

(CIAD)

Climate Change

Adaptation Division

(CCAD)

Operational System

Management Division

(OSMD)

There are Full Time Employee 193 people

Page 5: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

To monitor and diagnose global atmospheric and

oceanic conditions, as well as significant climate

events

To issue climate predictions and impact

assessments at monthly, seasonal and inter-annual

time scales

To provide climate services to different users

To do research on climate and climate change issues

The task of BCC

Page 6: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

2 Climate events monitoring and assessment

There are many meteorological disasters and extremes in

China, include drought, rainstorm, typhoon , hailstorm, gale,

sand-dust storm, thunderstorm, snow, heat wave, cold wave,

landslide ,etc.

In China, 70% of its land

area, 50% of its population

and 80% of its economic

sectors are affected by

meteorological disasters

and climate extremes

every year.

drought

Page 7: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The economic losses caused by meteorological disaster

from 1990 to 2015 in China

since 1990s, under the background of warming in global, the

frequency of extremes and meteorological disasters occurrences are

obviously increasing, and the economic losses are increasing too.

The economic losses add up to 250 billion every year.

Economic losses

Page 8: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Deaths

Extremes and meteorological disasters make serious

deaths, While the death is a decreasing trend in

recent years, about 600 million people are impacted

by meteorological disasters, the death is about 2300

people every year in China.

The deaths caused by meteorological disaster

from 1990 to 2014 in China

Page 9: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Drought monitoring

Drought is the most serious extreme to Chinese agriculture, yearly average drought area are about 22 million hm2, which are about 60% of the whole impacted area by meteorological disaster;

Drought is a serious meteorological disaster due to lack of water and high temperature.

Drought has devastating impacts on regional agriculture, water resources and the environment.

Drought can occur in every season of China, and the most serious is winter-spring drought.

Page 10: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

In 2010,a catastrophic drought occurred in

Southwestern China of Yunnan, Guizhou,

Guangxi, Sichuan and Chongqing, it caused

773million ha arable land crop failures, 24.3

million people, 15.84 million animals lack

drinking water, direct economic loss exceed 35

billion yuan. It was 100-year record drought.

Page 11: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Severe drought occurred in Yunnan

Province, Southern of China in 2010

Page 12: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

During 1950~2014,yearly average drought area is 21

million hectare, and appears an increasing trend, while since

2000, the drought area decreases.

The change of Drought Area during 1950 – 2014 over China

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drought area average area Trend

Page 13: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

• The land area affected by drought is increasing evidently in recent years, and the drought in northern China became aggravated.

Frequency of Drought

There are 4 drought sub-regions in China:

Northeastern China, Northern China, Southwestern China,

Southern China.

Page 14: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

As the precipitation over 50mm is a rainstorm day.

The rainstorms cause flood. And flood is the most serious meteorological

disasters to Chinese economy and human life.

flood cause more than 150 billion Yuan every year in China. As for one

flood, water shed flood is most serious, especially in downstream and

seaport, which not only threatened by upstream flood but also by

storm surge and bore.

In July 21, 2012, Heavy rain hit Beijing. The affected population reached

1.9 million, of whom 79 were killed, economic losses was nearly 50

billion yuan. The natural disaster brought great loss of life and property

for capital people.

Rainstorm monitoring

Page 15: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

In the past 50 years, the

annual average rain days

in China decreased by 13

percent, while the

rainstorm days increased

by 10 percent.

The change of rainstorm days over China

The change of rain days over China

Change of rain days in China

Rain

sto

rm d

ays

Rainstorm stations &days

trend

Rain

da

ys

Rainstorm stations &days

trend

Page 16: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Trend of rainstorm days variation

The frequency of Flood is about 50% in Southeast China, and the annual heavy rain days are increasing in central and southern regions while descending in northern China.

+

Frequency of Flood

Floods induced by rainstorm

increase

decrease

Flood mainly occurs in

south and east china.

Page 17: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

62 percent of the cities of China experienced serious flood. Heavy rain must waterlogging, which has become a common disease in urban China。

Beijing 2012.7.21 79 deaths

2013.7.19 XIAMEN University Become “ocean university”

2013.10.8菲特强台风 同济“知识海洋”

2013.10.8菲特强台风 余姚70%城区被淹

urban waterlogging disaster increase

Page 18: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

From 1990 to 2014, yearly averaged flooded area are 9.41 million hectare, the

flooded area appears increasing trend.

The change of flood Area during 1950 – 2014 over China

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Page 19: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Rainstorm and Floods in Wuzhou, Guangxi Province

A water City of Wuzhou(left

up)

Fighters protecting sand

martin (left low)

people got-together blankly

(right up)

Page 20: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Map of Rainstorms Days over China

There is obvious regional

difference of flood disaster.

There is less flood disaster in the

west, whereas more in the east.

There are serious disasters and

Risk in the areas of Liaohe plain,

Jiang’han plain, Po’yang lake

plain, Dong’ting lake plain,

Yangtze river delta and Si’chuan

basin are serious.

Page 21: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Typhoon monitoring

China is one of several countries suffering from serious typhoon disaster in the world.

Of all these types of disasters, the typhoon is one of the most serious and has caused enormous losses of life and economic damage. With ongoing global warming predicted for the coming years, the duration and intensity of typhoon increase, and their influence become more serious.

In China, almost half of natural disasters losses resulted from TCs. For example, in 2006,TCs accounted for 30% of the total economic losses and 43% of the deaths.

Page 22: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Since 2000, an average of 8 typhoons landed on China each

year, with an average annual economic losses of 53 billion yuan.

The intensity of typhoons affecting China significantly increased,

half of which is typhoon and server typhoon.

typhoon intensity increase

the numbers of typhoon and server typhoon landed on China

times

times

average

Page 23: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The main typhoon traces

There are three main

traces:

Towards Northwest:

land on taiwan,

Fujian, zhejiang

towards west: land on

guangdong, guangxi,

hainan

Towards northeast,

almost have no effect.

The main typhoon traces

Page 24: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

China is one of several countries suffering from serious typhoon disaster in

the world. Averagely, the crop suffering from typhoon of every year is up to

2600 thousand ha, the death number is more than 450, the collapse houses

are 300 thousand, the directly economic losses reach 24 billion yuan.

The economic losses and deaths from typhoon in China from 1990 to 2004

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death(

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100 Million YUAN)

YEAR

经济损失 死亡人数 Economic losses Deaths

Page 25: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Typhoon “MATSA” Effected east of China in Aug. 2005

Page 26: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Heat wave Heat wave affects people health, agriculture drought, and

energy short.

The heat wave events in China have increased significantly,

the number of heat wave days above 35 ℃ increased by 0.5

days per decade. Since 2000, the heat wave days have

averaged 9.5 days per year, increasing 2.5 days.

0.0

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s(d

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heat wave days average heat wave days trend

Annual heat wave days over China during 1961-2014

Page 27: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Distribution of heat wave days

There are two

heat wave area

centers:

northwestern

China, and

southeastern

China.

Page 28: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Swimming pool

Swimming pool

School close

Page 29: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The changes of heat wave extremes over China

Significantly increasing in trend, average increase of

4 / 10 years

Page 30: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Cold wave

Cold wave occurs in most regions of China. It induces freezing ice, and affect agriculture, forestry, power. for example, A severe snow and freezing-rain event lasted for almost one month from January 10 to February 2, 2008 in southern China, caused direct economic loss was 152 billion yuan, and transferring resettlement excessed million.

Page 31: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The forest days appear decreasing trends under the

climate warming in China.

Annual frost days over China during 1961-2014

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Page 32: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The distribution of cold wave frequency

The cold wave occurs in

northern China. In the

Northeast, North,

Northwest, South China,

the annual average cold

wave is more than 3 times,

there are 6 times in

Xinjiang, inner Mongolia,

Jilin and Liaoning.

The distribution of cold wave

Page 33: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The disasters caused by low temperature and frost in

HUNAN, south CHINA in 2006

Page 34: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

The changes of cold wave extremes over China

Significantly decreasing in trend, average increase of 10 / 10 years

Page 35: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Extreme weather and climate events

Page 36: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Major weather and climate events in China July 2014

Page 37: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

3 APPLICATION OF SATELLITE

DATA

climate factors monitor

daily,monthly,seasonal, and annual monitoring for sea surface temperature, tropical convective activity;snow cover, sea ice, vegetation

Climate model

Ocean data assimilation

Land Data Assimilation

BCC barely monitors weather and climate extremes with

satellites. The application of satellite data include two

sections, climate factors monitor and climate model.

Page 38: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

(1)sea surface temperature monitor

(month and season) ENSO index monitoring

印度洋监测 大西洋监测

Data: from noaa

olsstv2 data 采用

美国国家海洋和大气管理局OISSTV2同化资料对海表温度、次表层温度和ENSO事件等开展了监测

SST monitoring

Sub-surface sea

temperature monitoring

Page 39: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

(2)tropical convective activity monitoring

(data sources: FY satellite OLR data)

国家气候中心监测(日、候和月尺度监测)

Pentadly OLR

Monthly OLR

OLR实况和距平监测 实况 距平

实况 距平

Page 40: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

(3)SNOW COVER MONITORING

Snow cover area index Snow cover days spatial distribution

Data Sources: NOAA Satellite data

Page 42: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

(4)sea ice monitoring

Distribution Sea Ice Concentration in Northern Hemisphere

(Data Sources:NOAA-OISST)

Distribution Sea Ice Concentration in Southern Hemisphere

Page 43: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Sea Ice Area and Anomaly in Northern Hemisphere

The changes of Sea Ice Area in Arctic(left) and Chinese Adjacent

Sea(right)

Page 44: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

(5) vegetation monitoring

Sources data: FY data

NDVI, induced from FY-3C satellite data, to monitoring the vegetation growing

Page 45: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

2012年

2013年

The FY satellite SST Data obviously improved in 2013.

2013年FY3A卫星海温资料有明显改善

FY3A SST Error analysis: Deviation distribution

风云卫星海表温度误差分析:偏差分布

(6) Climate model application

Page 46: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Before

assimila

tion 同化前

assimil

ation

同化

observa

tion观测

Average deviation

平均偏差

Assimilation-observation 同化-观测

Before Assimilation-Observation

同化前-观测

land surface temperature assimilation test 地表温度同化试验

Page 47: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

4 The gap and outlook of satellite application

BCC has great demands for Satellite remote sensing in

climate monitoring, impact assessment, climate change and

climate model, and climate servicers.

The satellite data applications are seriously lagging its

demands in BCC.

The reasons is lack of professional personnel and related

technologies and skills.

BCC will establish a professional technical innovation team,

and Increase technology exchange and cooperation(e.g.

NSMC) to improve the capability of satellite application.

Page 48: Climate events monitoring and satellite application … · Climate events monitoring and satellite application in China Fengjin XIAO Email: xiaofj@cma.gov.cn Geneva, Switzerland

Thank you!